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  • 1
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    Highly efficient homology-driven genome editing in human T cells by combining zinc-finger nuclease mRNA and AAV6 donor delivery (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-20
    Description: The adoptive transfer of engineered T cells for the treatment of cancer, autoimmunity, and infectious disease is a rapidly growing field that has shown great promise in recent clinical trials. Nuclease-driven genome editing provides a method in which to precisely target genetic changes to further enhance T cell function in vivo. We describe the development of a highly efficient method to genome edit both primary human CD8 and CD4 T cells by homology-directed repair at a pre-defined site of the genome. Two different homology donor templates were evaluated, representing both minor gene editing events (restriction site insertion) to mimic gene correction, or the more significant insertion of a larger gene cassette. By combining zinc finger nuclease mRNA delivery with AAV6 delivery of a homologous donor we could gene correct 41% of CCR5 or 55% of PPP1R12C (AAVS1) alleles in CD8 + T cells and gene targeting of a GFP transgene cassette in 〉40% of CD8 + and CD4 + T cells at both the CCR5 and AAVS1 safe harbor locus, potentially providing a robust genome editing tool for T cell-based immunotherapy.
    Keywords: Targeted gene modification
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Nonlinear Vibrations of FGM Cylindrical Panel with Simply Supported Edges in Air Flow (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-07
    Description: Chaotic and periodic motions of an FGM cylindrical panel in hypersonic flow are investigated. The cylindrical panel is also subjected to in-plane external loads and a linear temperature variation in the thickness direction. The temperature dependent material properties of panel which are assumed to be changed through the thickness direction only can be determined by a simple power distribution in terms of the volume fractions. With Hamilton’s principle for an elastic body, a nonlinear dynamical model based on Reddy’s first-order shear deformation shell theory and von Karman type geometric nonlinear relationship is derived in the form of partial equations. A third-order piston theory is adopted to evaluate the hypersonic aerodynamic load. Here, Galerkin’s method is employed to discretize this continuous nonlinear dynamic system to ordinary differential governing equations involving two degrees of freedom. The chaotic and periodic response are studied by the direct numerical simulation method for influences of different Mach number and the value of in-plane load. The bifurcations, Poincare section, waveform, and phase plots are presented.
    Print ISSN: 1687-5966
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-5974
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 3
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    Research Articles: Canopy temperature variability in a tropical rainforest, subtropical evergreen forest, and savanna forest in Southwest China (2018)
    Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-17
    Description: Song Q-H, Zhang Y-P, Sha L-Q, Deng X-B, Deng Y, Wu C-S, Lu Z-Y, Chen A-G, Zhang S-B, Li P-G, Zhou W-J, Liu Y-T CANOPY TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY IN A TROPICAL RAINFOREST, SUBTROPICAL EVERGREEN FOREST, AND SAVANNA FOREST IN SOUTHWEST CHINA Abstract : Canopy temperature (Tc) measurements with infrared thermometry have been widely used to assess plant water status. Here, we evaluated Tc and its controlling factors in a primary tropical rainforest (TRF), subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest (STF) and valley savanna forest (SAF) in southwestern China. We found differences between Tc and air temperature (Ta) of as much as 2.2 °C between the dry and wet seasons in the TRF. However, the canopy-to-air temperature difference (Tc-Ta) was only 0.3 °C between the dry and wet seasons in the STF. Solar radiation (SR) was the dominant factor in Tc-Ta variations during the dry and wet seasons at the three sites. The increased heating in the canopy leaves was likely the result of low stomatal conductance leading to low transpiration cooling. Changes in Tc-Ta in the TRF were highly sensitive to the degree of stomatal closure. The change in Tc-Ta was controlled by the climate, but inherent plant traits, such as stomatal conductance, also played an important controlling role. Keywords : Canopy Temperature, Drought Stress, Microclimate, Transpiration, Leaf Energy Balance iForest 10 (3): 611-617 (2017) - doi: 10.3832/ifor2223-010 http://iforest.sisef.org/contents/?id=ifor2223-010
    Electronic ISSN: 1971-7458
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology
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  • 4
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    Shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-20
    Description: Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful spectroscopy technique that can provide non-destructive and ultra-sensitive characterization down to single molecular level, comparable to single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy. However, generally substrates based on metals such as Ag, Au and Cu, either with roughened surfaces or in the form of nanoparticles, are required to realise a substantial SERS effect, and this has severely limited the breadth of practical applications of SERS. A number of approaches have extended the technique to non-traditional substrates, most notably tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) where the probed substance (molecule or material surface) can be on a generic substrate and where a nanoscale gold tip above the substrate acts as the Raman signal amplifier. The drawback is that the total Raman scattering signal from the tip area is rather weak, thus limiting TERS studies to molecules with large Raman cross-sections. Here, we report an approach, which we name shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, in which the Raman signal amplification is provided by gold nanoparticles with an ultrathin silica or alumina shell. A monolayer of such nanoparticles is spread as 'smart dust' over the surface that is to be probed. The ultrathin coating keeps the nanoparticles from agglomerating, separates them from direct contact with the probed material and allows the nanoparticles to conform to different contours of substrates. High-quality Raman spectra were obtained on various molecules adsorbed at Pt and Au single-crystal surfaces and from Si surfaces with hydrogen monolayers. These measurements and our studies on yeast cells and citrus fruits with pesticide residues illustrate that our method significantly expands the flexibility of SERS for useful applications in the materials and life sciences, as well as for the inspection of food safety, drugs, explosives and environment pollutants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Jian Feng -- Huang, Yi Fan -- Ding, Yong -- Yang, Zhi Lin -- Li, Song Bo -- Zhou, Xiao Shun -- Fan, Feng Ru -- Zhang, Wei -- Zhou, Zhi You -- Wu, De Yin -- Ren, Bin -- Wang, Zhong Lin -- Tian, Zhong Qun -- England -- Nature. 2010 Mar 18;464(7287):392-5. doi: 10.1038/nature08907.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20237566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adsorption ; Aluminum Oxide/chemistry ; Citrus/chemistry ; Fruit/chemistry ; Gold/chemistry ; Hydrogen/analysis/chemistry ; *Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Pesticide Residues/analysis ; Platinum/chemistry ; Silicon Dioxide/chemistry ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman/*instrumentation/*methods ; Yeasts/chemistry/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Suppression of neuroinflammation by astrocytic dopamine D2 receptors via alphaB-crystallin (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-18
    Description: Chronic neuroinflammation is a common feature of the ageing brain and some neurodegenerative disorders. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the regulation of innate immunity in the central nervous system remain elusive. Here we show that the astrocytic dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) modulates innate immunity through alphaB-crystallin (CRYAB), which is known to suppress neuroinflammation. We demonstrate that knockout mice lacking Drd2 showed remarkable inflammatory response in multiple central nervous system regions and increased the vulnerability of nigral dopaminergic neurons to neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neurotoxicity. Astrocytes null for Drd2 became hyper-responsive to immune stimuli with a marked reduction in the level of CRYAB. Preferential ablation of Drd2 in astrocytes robustly activated astrocytes in the substantia nigra. Gain- or loss-of-function studies showed that CRYAB is critical for DRD2-mediated modulation of innate immune response in astrocytes. Furthermore, treatment of wild-type mice with the selective DRD2 agonist quinpirole increased resistance of the nigral dopaminergic neurons to MPTP through partial suppression of inflammation. Our study indicates that astrocytic DRD2 activation normally suppresses neuroinflammation in the central nervous system through a CRYAB-dependent mechanism, and provides a new strategy for targeting the astrocyte-mediated innate immune response in the central nervous system during ageing and disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shao, Wei -- Zhang, Shu-zhen -- Tang, Mi -- Zhang, Xin-hua -- Zhou, Zheng -- Yin, Yan-qing -- Zhou, Qin-bo -- Huang, Yuan-yuan -- Liu, Ying-jun -- Wawrousek, Eric -- Chen, Teng -- Li, Sheng-bin -- Xu, Ming -- Zhou, Jiang-ning -- Hu, Gang -- Zhou, Jia-wei -- England -- Nature. 2013 Feb 7;494(7435):90-4. doi: 10.1038/nature11748. Epub 2012 Dec 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23242137" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Astrocytes/drug effects/*immunology/*metabolism ; Dopaminergic Neurons/drug effects ; Immunity, Innate/drug effects ; Inflammation/chemically induced/genetics/*immunology/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microglia/cytology/immunology ; Neuroprotective Agents/metabolism ; Quinpirole/pharmacology ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/agonists/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Substantia Nigra/cytology/drug effects ; alpha-Crystallin B Chain/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    A novel composite hydrogen sensor based on Pd nanoclusters/TiO 2 nanotube arrays (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-14
    Description: A novel composite hydrogen sensor, consisting of Pd nanoclusters/TiO 2 nanotube arrays, was fabricated and evaluated at room temperature. The Pd nanoclusters layer was deposited on top surface of the nanotube arrays by using a direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering method. Resistive response of the composite sensors to 0.5% hydrogen was measured. Experimental results indicated that the Pd nanoclusters can quickly and continually form or break multiple passages by absorbing or desorbing hydrogen, so that the composite hydrogen sensors have promising hydrogen sensitivity at room temperature.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 7
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    Auxin control of stomatal development [Plant Biology] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2014-07-23
    Description: Plants, as sessile organisms, must coordinate various physiological processes to adapt to ever-changing surrounding environments. Stomata, the epidermal pores facilitating gas and water exchange, play important roles in optimizing photosynthetic efficiency and adaptability. Stomatal development is under the control of an intrinsic program mediated by a secretory peptide gene family—namely,...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    Phase-averaged gamma-ray spectra from rotation-powered millisecond pulsars (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-23
    Description: Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has detected pulsed gamma-ray emissions with high confidences from more than 40 millisecond pulsars (MSPs). Here we study the phase-averaged gamma-ray properties of MSPs by using revised version of a self-consistent outer gap model. In this model, a strong multipole magnetic field near the stellar surface for an MSP is assumed and such a field will be close to the surface magnetic fields (~10 11 –10 12  G) of young pulsars; the outer gap of an MSP is controlled by photon–photon pair production process, where the effects of magnetic inclination angle (α) and magnetic geometry have been taken into account. Therefore, the fractional size of the outer gap is a function of not only pulsar's period and magnetic field strength but also magnetic inclination angle and radial distance to the neutron star; the inner boundary of the outer gap can be estimated by the pair production process of the gamma-ray photons which are produced by the back-flowing particles through the null charge surface; inside the outer gap, a Gaussian distribution of the parallel electric field along the trans-field thickness is assumed, and the gamma-ray emission is represented by the emission from the average radial distance along the central field lines of the outer gap. Using this model, the phase-averaged gamma-ray spectra are calculated and compared with the observed spectra of 37 MSPs given by the second Fermi-LAT catalogue of gamma-ray pulsars; our results show that the Fermi-LAT results can be well explained by this model. The thermal X-ray emission properties from MSPs are also investigated.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Artificial bee colony-based support vector machines with feature selection and parameter optimization for rule extraction (2017)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-08
    Print ISSN: 0219-1377
    Electronic ISSN: 0219-3116
    Topics: Computer Science
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optoelectrochemical effect in thin polyphenylene films (1984)
    Springer
    Russian chemical bulletin 33 (1984), S. 1965-1965 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00948659
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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