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  • 1
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    Cardiovascular evidence for an intermediate or higher metabolic rate in an ornithischian dinosaur (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-04-25
    Beschreibung: Computerized tomography scans of a ferruginous concretion within the chest region of an ornithischian dinosaur reveal structures that are suggestive of a four-chambered heart and a single systemic aorta. The apparently derived condition of the cardiovascular system in turn suggests the existence of intermediate-to-high metabolic rates among dinosaurs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fisher, P E -- Russell, D A -- Stoskopf, M K -- Barrick, R E -- Hammer, M -- Kuzmitz, A A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 21;288(5465):503-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biomedical Imaging Facility, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA. PaulvFisher@ncsu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10775107" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Aorta/anatomy & histology ; Basal Metabolism ; Birds/anatomy & histology/metabolism ; Body Weight ; *Fossils ; Heart/*anatomy & histology/radiography ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Iron Compounds/analysis ; Minerals ; Paleontology ; Reptiles/*anatomy & histology/*metabolism ; Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; X-Ray Diffraction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
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    Sequence interpretation. Functional annotation of mouse genome sequences (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-03-10
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nadeau, J H -- Balling, R -- Barsh, G -- Beier, D -- Brown, S D -- Bucan, M -- Camper, S -- Carlson, G -- Copeland, N -- Eppig, J -- Fletcher, C -- Frankel, W N -- Ganten, D -- Goldowitz, D -- Goodnow, C -- Guenet, J L -- Hicks, G -- Hrabe de Angelis, M -- Jackson, I -- Jacob, H J -- Jenkins, N -- Johnson, D -- Justice, M -- Kay, S -- Kingsley, D -- Lehrach, H -- Magnuson, T -- Meisler, M -- Poustka, A -- Rinchik, E M -- Rossant, J -- Russell, L B -- Schimenti, J -- Shiroishi, T -- Skarnes, W C -- Soriano, P -- Stanford, W -- Takahashi, J S -- Wurst, W -- Zimmer, A -- International Mouse Mutagenesis Consortium -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 16;291(5507):1251-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, BRB 624, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. jhn4@po.cwru.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11233449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Computational Biology ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Genes/physiology ; Genetic Techniques ; *Genome ; *Genomics ; International Cooperation ; Mice/*genetics ; Mutagenesis ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Private Sector ; Public Sector ; Research Support as Topic ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Factors that alter rumen microbial ecology (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-05-16
    Beschreibung: Ruminant animals and ruminal microorganisms have a symbiotic relationship that facilitates fiber digestion, but domestic ruminants in developed countries are often fed an abundance of grain and little fiber. When ruminants are fed fiber-deficient rations, physiological mechanisms of homeostasis are disrupted, ruminal pH declines, microbial ecology is altered, and the animal becomes more susceptible to metabolic disorders and, in some cases, infectious disease. Some disorders can be counteracted by feed additives (for example, antibiotics and buffers), but these additives can alter the composition of the ruminal ecosystem even further.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Russell, J B -- Rychlik, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 11;292(5519):1119-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11352069" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Animals, Domestic/anatomy & histology/microbiology/parasitology/physiology ; Bacteria/metabolism/pathogenicity ; Digestive System/anatomy & histology/*microbiology/parasitology/physiopathology ; *Digestive System Physiological Phenomena ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; *Ecology ; Eukaryota/metabolism ; Fermentation ; Homeostasis ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ruminants/anatomy & histology/*microbiology/parasitology/*physiology ; Symbiosis/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Cooperation, control, and concession in meerkat groups (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-02-13
    Beschreibung: "Limited control" models of reproductive skew in cooperative societies suggest that the frequency of breeding by subordinates is determined by the outcome of power struggles with dominants. In contrast, "optimal skew" models suggest that dominants have full control of subordinate reproduction and allow subordinates to breed only when this serves to retain subordinates' assistance with rearing dominants' own litters. The results of our 7-year field study of cooperative meerkats, Suricata suricatta, support the predictions of limited control models and provide no indication that dominant females grant reproductive concessions to subordinates to retain their assistance with future breeding attempts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clutton-Brock, T H -- Brotherton, P N -- Russell, A F -- O'Riain, M J -- Gaynor, D -- Kansky, R -- Griffin, A -- Manser, M -- Sharpe, L -- McIlrath, G M -- Small, T -- Moss, A -- Monfort, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 19;291(5503):478-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. thcb@hermes.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11161200" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Africa, Southern ; Aging ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Body Weight ; Carnivora/*physiology ; *Cooperative Behavior ; *Dominance-Subordination ; Female ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Rain ; *Reproduction ; Seasons ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Effects of helpers on juvenile development and survival in meerkats (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-09-29
    Beschreibung: Although breeding success is known to increase with group size in several cooperative mammals, the mechanisms underlying these relationships are uncertain. We show that in wild groups of cooperative meerkats, Suricata suricatta, reductions in the ratio of helpers to pups depress the daily weight gain and growth of pups and the daily weight gain of helpers. Increases in the daily weight gain of pups are associated with heavier weights at independence and at 1 year of age, as well as with improved foraging success as juveniles and higher survival rates through the first year of life. These results suggest that the effects of helpers on the fitness of pups extend beyond weaning and that helpers may gain direct as well as indirect benefits by feeding pups.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clutton-Brock, T H -- Russell, A F -- Sharpe, L L -- Brotherton, P N -- McIlrath, G M -- White, S -- Cameron, E Z -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 28;293(5539):2446-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. thcb@hermes.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11577235" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Breeding ; Carnivora/growth & development/*physiology ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Male ; Survival Rate ; *Weight Gain
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Inattentional blindness versus inattentional amnesia for fixated but ignored words (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-01-05
    Beschreibung: People often are unable to report the content of ignored information, but it is unknown whether this reflects a complete failure to perceive it (inattentional blindness) or merely that it is rapidly forgotten (inattentional amnesia). Here functional imaging is used to address this issue by measuring brain activity for unattended words. When attention is fully engaged with other material, the brain no longer differentiates between meaningful words and random letters, even when they are looked at directly. These results demonstrate true inattentional blindness for words and show that visual recognition wholly depends on attention even for highly familiar and meaningful stimuli at the center of gaze.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rees, G -- Russell, C -- Frith, C D -- Driver, J -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 24;286(5449):2504-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. geraint@klab.caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10617465" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Attention/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Mental Processes/*physiology ; Parietal Lobe/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Temporal Lobe/physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    A single-molecule study of RNA catalysis and folding (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-06-17
    Beschreibung: Using fluorescence microscopy, we studied the catalysis by and folding of individual Tetrahymena thermophila ribozyme molecules. The dye-labeled and surface-immobilized ribozymes used were shown to be functionally indistinguishable from the unmodified free ribozyme in solution. A reversible local folding step in which a duplex docks and undocks from the ribozyme core was observed directly in single-molecule time trajectories, allowing the determination of the rate constants and characterization of the transition state. A rarely populated docked state, not measurable by ensemble methods, was observed. In the overall folding process, intermediate folding states and multiple folding pathways were observed. In addition to observing previously established folding pathways, a pathway with an observed folding rate constant of 1 per second was discovered. These results establish single-molecule fluorescence as a powerful tool for examining RNA folding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhuang, X -- Bartley, L E -- Babcock, H P -- Russell, R -- Ha, T -- Herschlag, D -- Chu, S -- GM49423/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 16;288(5473):2048-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4060, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10856219" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biotinylation ; Carbocyanines ; Catalysis ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Guanosine/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Models, Molecular ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligoribonucleotides/metabolism ; RNA, Catalytic/*chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Protozoan/*chemistry/metabolism ; Tetrahymena thermophila
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Robotics: Ethics of artificial intelligence (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-05-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Russell, Stuart -- Hauert, Sabine -- Altman, Russ -- Veloso, Manuela -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 28;521(7553):415-8. doi: 10.1038/521415a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of California, Berkeley.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26017428" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Artificial Intelligence/*ethics/*trends ; Communication ; Decision Support Systems, Clinical ; Diagnosis ; Healthcare Disparities ; Humans ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; Public Opinion ; Research Personnel ; Risk Management ; Robotics/*ethics/*trends ; Symbiosis ; Weapons/ethics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Amazonia 1492: pristine forest or cultural parkland? (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2003-09-23
    Beschreibung: Archaeology and indigenous history of Native Amazonian peoples in the Upper Xingu region of Brazil reveal unexpectedly complex regional settlement patterns and large-scale transformations of local landscapes over the past millennium. Mapping and excavation of archaeological structures document pronounced human-induced alteration of the forest cover, particularly in relation to large, dense late-prehistoric settlements (circa 1200 to 1600 A.D.). The findings contribute to debates on human carrying capacity, population size and settlement patterns, anthropogenic impacts on the environment, and the importance of indigenous knowledge, as well as contributing to the pride of place of the native peoples in this part of the Amazon.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heckenberger, Michael J -- Kuikuro, Afukaka -- Kuikuro, Urissapa Tabata -- Russell, J Christian -- Schmidt, Morgan -- Fausto, Carlos -- Franchetto, Bruna -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 19;301(5640):1710-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. mheckenb@anthro.ufl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14500979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture ; *Archaeology ; Brazil ; *Culture ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Humans ; *Population Density ; *Trees ; Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    The structure and receptor binding properties of the 1918 influenza hemagglutinin (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-02-07
    Beschreibung: The 1918 influenza pandemic resulted in about 20 million deaths. This enormous impact, coupled with renewed interest in emerging infections, makes characterization of the virus involved a priority. Receptor binding, the initial event in virus infection, is a major determinant of virus transmissibility that, for influenza viruses, is mediated by the hemagglutinin (HA) membrane glycoprotein. We have determined the crystal structures of the HA from the 1918 virus and two closely related HAs in complex with receptor analogs. They explain how the 1918 HA, while retaining receptor binding site amino acids characteristic of an avian precursor HA, is able to bind human receptors and how, as a consequence, the virus was able to spread in the human population.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gamblin, S J -- Haire, L F -- Russell, R J -- Stevens, D J -- Xiao, B -- Ha, Y -- Vasisht, N -- Steinhauer, D A -- Daniels, R S -- Elliot, A -- Wiley, D C -- Skehel, J J -- AI-13654/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 19;303(5665):1838-42. Epub 2004 Feb 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council (MRC) National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Birds ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/*chemistry/*metabolism ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Influenza A virus/*immunology/metabolism/pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/history/*virology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Virus/*metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Sialic Acids/metabolism ; Species Specificity ; Swine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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