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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2002-01-05
    Description: The recently released human genome sequences provide us with reference data to conduct comparative genomic research on primates, which will be important to understand what genetic information makes us human. Here we present a first-generation human-chimpanzee comparative genome map and its initial analysis. The map was constructed through paired alignment of 77,461 chimpanzee bacterial artificial chromosome end sequences with publicly available human genome sequences. We detected candidate positions, including two clusters on human chromosome 21 that suggest large, nonrandom regions of difference between the two genomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fujiyama, Asao -- Watanabe, Hidemi -- Toyoda, Atsushi -- Taylor, Todd D -- Itoh, Takehiko -- Tsai, Shih-Feng -- Park, Hong-Seog -- Yaspo, Marie-Laure -- Lehrach, Hans -- Chen, Zhu -- Fu, Gang -- Saitou, Naruya -- Osoegawa, Kazutoyo -- de Jong, Pieter J -- Suto, Yumiko -- Hattori, Masahira -- Sakaki, Yoshiyuki -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 4;295(5552):131-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. afujiyam@gsc.riken.go.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11778049" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Contig Mapping ; Female ; Gene Library ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; *Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Tagged Sites ; X Chromosome/genetics ; Y Chromosome/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-12-10
    Description: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a major global health threat, replicates in macrophages in part by inhibiting phagosome-lysosome fusion, until interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) activates the macrophage to traffic M. tuberculosis to the lysosome. How IFNgamma elicits this effect is unknown, but many studies suggest a role for macroautophagy (herein termed autophagy), a process by which cytoplasmic contents are targeted for lysosomal degradation. The involvement of autophagy has been defined based on studies in cultured cells where M. tuberculosis co-localizes with autophagy factors ATG5, ATG12, ATG16L1, p62, NDP52, BECN1 and LC3 (refs 2-6), stimulation of autophagy increases bacterial killing, and inhibition of autophagy increases bacterial survival. Notably, these studies reveal modest (~1.5-3-fold change) effects on M. tuberculosis replication. By contrast, mice lacking ATG5 in monocyte-derived cells and neutrophils (polymorponuclear cells, PMNs) succumb to M. tuberculosis within 30 days, an extremely severe phenotype similar to mice lacking IFNgamma signalling. Importantly, ATG5 is the only autophagy factor that has been studied during M. tuberculosis infection in vivo and autophagy-independent functions of ATG5 have been described. For this reason, we used a genetic approach to elucidate the role for multiple autophagy-related genes and the requirement for autophagy in resistance to M. tuberculosis infection in vivo. Here we show that, contrary to expectation, autophagic capacity does not correlate with the outcome of M. tuberculosis infection. Instead, ATG5 plays a unique role in protection against M. tuberculosis by preventing PMN-mediated immunopathology. Furthermore, while Atg5 is dispensable in alveolar macrophages during M. tuberculosis infection, loss of Atg5 in PMNs can sensitize mice to M. tuberculosis. These findings shift our understanding of the role of ATG5 during M. tuberculosis infection, reveal new outcomes of ATG5 activity, and shed light on early events in innate immunity that are required to regulate disease pathology and bacterial replication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kimmey, Jacqueline M -- Huynh, Jeremy P -- Weiss, Leslie A -- Park, Sunmin -- Kambal, Amal -- Debnath, Jayanta -- Virgin, Herbert W -- Stallings, Christina L -- GM007067/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI109725/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 24;528(7583):565-9. doi: 10.1038/nature16451. Epub 2015 Dec 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. ; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. ; Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26649827" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autophagy/genetics ; Dendritic Cells/immunology/metabolism ; Female ; Immunity, Innate/immunology ; Interferon-gamma/deficiency/immunology ; Macrophages, Alveolar/immunology/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/deficiency/*metabolism ; *Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology/physiology ; Neutrophils/*immunology/metabolism ; Tuberculosis/*immunology/microbiology/*pathology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2013-11-30
    Description: Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers and is associated with a decreased response of tumors to endocrine therapies. Here, we show that 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC), a primary metabolite of cholesterol and an ER and liver X receptor (LXR) ligand, increases ER-dependent growth and LXR-dependent metastasis in mouse models of breast cancer. The effects of cholesterol on tumor pathology required its conversion to 27HC by the cytochrome P450 oxidase CYP27A1 and were attenuated by treatment with CYP27A1 inhibitors. In human breast cancer specimens, CYP27A1 expression levels correlated with tumor grade. In high-grade tumors, both tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages exhibited high expression levels of the enzyme. Thus, lowering circulating cholesterol levels or interfering with its conversion to 27HC may be a useful strategy to prevent and/or treat breast cancer.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3899689/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3899689/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nelson, Erik R -- Wardell, Suzanne E -- Jasper, Jeff S -- Park, Sunghee -- Suchindran, Sunil -- Howe, Matthew K -- Carver, Nicole J -- Pillai, Ruchita V -- Sullivan, Patrick M -- Sondhi, Varun -- Umetani, Michihisa -- Geradts, Joseph -- McDonnell, Donald P -- K99CA172357/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK048807/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37DK048807/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA059365/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 29;342(6162):1094-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1241908.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24288332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/blood/*metabolism/*pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxycholesterols/antagonists & inhibitors/blood/*metabolism ; Hypercholesterolemia/blood/*metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms/secondary ; Mice ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2004-02-14
    Description: Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology has recently been used to generate animals with a common genetic composition. In this study, we report the derivation of a pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cell line (SCNT-hES-1) from a cloned human blastocyst. The SCNT-hES-1 cells displayed typical ES cell morphology and cell surface markers and were capable of differentiating into embryoid bodies in vitro and of forming teratomas in vivo containing cell derivatives from all three embryonic germ layers in severe combined immunodeficient mice. After continuous proliferation for more than 70 passages, SCNT-hES-1 cells maintained normal karyotypes and were genetically identical to the somatic nuclear donor cells. Although we cannot completely exclude the possibility that the cells had a parthenogenetic origin, imprinting analyses support a SCNT origin of the derived human ES cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hwang, Woo Suk -- Ryu, Young June -- Park, Jong Hyuk -- Park, Eul Soon -- Lee, Eu Gene -- Koo, Ja Min -- Jeon, Hyun Yong -- Lee, Byeong Chun -- Kang, Sung Keun -- Kim, Sun Jong -- Ahn, Curie -- Hwang, Jung Hye -- Park, Ky Young -- Cibelli, Jose B -- Moon, Shin Yong -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 12;303(5664):1669-74. Epub 2004 Feb 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea. hwangws@snu.ac.kr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Blastocyst/*cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Line ; *Cloning, Organism ; Culture Media ; Culture Techniques ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Female ; Genomic Imprinting ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocyte Donation ; Ovarian Follicle/cytology ; Parthenogenesis ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/chemistry/*cytology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tandem Repeat Sequences ; Teratoma/etiology/pathology ; Testicular Neoplasms/etiology/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2005-05-21
    Description: Patient-specific, immune-matched human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are anticipated to be of great biomedical importance for studies of disease and development and to advance clinical deliberations regarding stem cell transplantation. Eleven hESC lines were established by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) of skin cells from patients with disease or injury into donated oocytes. These lines, nuclear transfer (NT)-hESCs, grown on human feeders from the same NT donor or from genetically unrelated individuals, were established at high rates, regardless of NT donor sex or age. NT-hESCs were pluripotent, chromosomally normal, and matched the NT patient's DNA. The major histocompatibility complex identity of each NT-hESC when compared to the patient's own showed immunological compatibility, which is important for eventual transplantation. With the generation of these NT-hESCs, evaluations of genetic and epigenetic stability can be made. Additional work remains to be done regarding the development of reliable directed differentiation and the elimination of remaining animal components. Before clinical use of these cells can occur, preclinical evidence is required to prove that transplantation of differentiated NT-hESCs can be safe, effective, and tolerated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hwang, Woo Suk -- Roh, Sung Il -- Lee, Byeong Chun -- Kang, Sung Keun -- Kwon, Dae Kee -- Kim, Sue -- Kim, Sun Jong -- Park, Sun Woo -- Kwon, Hee Sun -- Lee, Chang Kyu -- Lee, Jung Bok -- Kim, Jin Mee -- Ahn, Curie -- Paek, Sun Ha -- Chang, Sang Sik -- Koo, Jung Jin -- Yoon, Hyun Soo -- Hwang, Jung Hye -- Hwang, Youn Young -- Park, Ye Soo -- Oh, Sun Kyung -- Kim, Hee Sun -- Park, Jong Hyuk -- Moon, Shin Yong -- Schatten, Gerald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 17;308(5729):1777-83. Epub 2005 May 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea. hwangws@snu.ac.kr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15905366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Agammaglobulinemia ; Blastocyst/*cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Line ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Cloning, Organism ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; HLA Antigens/analysis ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Karyotyping ; Male ; *Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocyte Donation ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/immunology ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Tissue and Organ Procurement
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-09-03
    Description: In the central nervous system, ageing results in a precipitous decline in adult neural stem/progenitor cells and neurogenesis, with concomitant impairments in cognitive functions. Interestingly, such impairments can be ameliorated through systemic perturbations such as exercise. Here, using heterochronic parabiosis we show that blood-borne factors present in the systemic milieu can inhibit or promote adult neurogenesis in an age-dependent fashion in mice. Accordingly, exposing a young mouse to an old systemic environment or to plasma from old mice decreased synaptic plasticity, and impaired contextual fear conditioning and spatial learning and memory. We identify chemokines--including CCL11 (also known as eotaxin)--the plasma levels of which correlate with reduced neurogenesis in heterochronic parabionts and aged mice, and the levels of which are increased in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of healthy ageing humans. Lastly, increasing peripheral CCL11 chemokine levels in vivo in young mice decreased adult neurogenesis and impaired learning and memory. Together our data indicate that the decline in neurogenesis and cognitive impairments observed during ageing can be in part attributed to changes in blood-borne factors.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3170097/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3170097/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Villeda, Saul A -- Luo, Jian -- Mosher, Kira I -- Zou, Bende -- Britschgi, Markus -- Bieri, Gregor -- Stan, Trisha M -- Fainberg, Nina -- Ding, Zhaoqing -- Eggel, Alexander -- Lucin, Kurt M -- Czirr, Eva -- Park, Jeong-Soo -- Couillard-Despres, Sebastien -- Aigner, Ludwig -- Li, Ge -- Peskind, Elaine R -- Kaye, Jeffrey A -- Quinn, Joseph F -- Galasko, Douglas R -- Xie, Xinmin S -- Rando, Thomas A -- Wyss-Coray, Tony -- 1 F31 AG034045-01/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- 1 F31 NS066676-01A1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000392/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000392-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000392-02/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000392-03/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000392-04/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000392-05/OD/NIH HHS/ -- F31 AG034045/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- F31 AG034045-01/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- F31 AG034045-02/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- F31 AG034045-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P30AG08017/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P50 AG005136/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG027505/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG027505-01A1/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG027505-02/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG027505-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG027505-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG027505-05/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR056849/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH078194/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01AG027505/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007290/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 31;477(7362):90-4. doi: 10.1038/nature10357.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21886162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Chemokine CCL11/blood/cerebrospinal fluid/metabolism/pharmacology ; Chemokines/*blood/cerebrospinal fluid/*metabolism ; Female ; Learning/drug effects/*physiology ; Learning Disorders/blood/cerebrospinal fluid/physiopathology ; Male ; Memory Disorders/blood/cerebrospinal fluid/physiopathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurogenesis/drug effects/*physiology ; Parabiosis ; Plasma/chemistry ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: Animal transcriptomes are dynamic, with each cell type, tissue and organ system expressing an ensemble of transcript isoforms that give rise to substantial diversity. Here we have identified new genes, transcripts and proteins using poly(A)+ RNA sequencing from Drosophila melanogaster in cultured cell lines, dissected organ systems and under environmental perturbations. We found that a small set of mostly neural-specific genes has the potential to encode thousands of transcripts each through extensive alternative promoter usage and RNA splicing. The magnitudes of splicing changes are larger between tissues than between developmental stages, and most sex-specific splicing is gonad-specific. Gonads express hundreds of previously unknown coding and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), some of which are antisense to protein-coding genes and produce short regulatory RNAs. Furthermore, previously identified pervasive intergenic transcription occurs primarily within newly identified introns. The fly transcriptome is substantially more complex than previously recognized, with this complexity arising from combinatorial usage of promoters, splice sites and polyadenylation sites.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4152413/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4152413/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, James B -- Boley, Nathan -- Eisman, Robert -- May, Gemma E -- Stoiber, Marcus H -- Duff, Michael O -- Booth, Ben W -- Wen, Jiayu -- Park, Soo -- Suzuki, Ana Maria -- Wan, Kenneth H -- Yu, Charles -- Zhang, Dayu -- Carlson, Joseph W -- Cherbas, Lucy -- Eads, Brian D -- Miller, David -- Mockaitis, Keithanne -- Roberts, Johnny -- Davis, Carrie A -- Frise, Erwin -- Hammonds, Ann S -- Olson, Sara -- Shenker, Sol -- Sturgill, David -- Samsonova, Anastasia A -- Weiszmann, Richard -- Robinson, Garret -- Hernandez, Juan -- Andrews, Justen -- Bickel, Peter J -- Carninci, Piero -- Cherbas, Peter -- Gingeras, Thomas R -- Hoskins, Roger A -- Kaufman, Thomas C -- Lai, Eric C -- Oliver, Brian -- Perrimon, Norbert -- Graveley, Brenton R -- Celniker, Susan E -- 1U01HG007031-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- 5U01HG004695-04/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- K99 HG006698/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA045508/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM076655/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083300/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM097231/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RC2-HG005639/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG004271/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG007031/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HG004261/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG006944/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- ZIA DK015600-18/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Aug 28;512(7515):393-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24670639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing/genetics ; Animals ; Drosophila melanogaster/anatomy & histology/cytology/*genetics ; Female ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Nerve Tissue/metabolism ; Organ Specificity ; Poly A/genetics ; Polyadenylation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Sex Characteristics ; Stress, Physiological/genetics ; Transcriptome/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2015-11-05
    Description: Staphylococcus aureus is considered to be an extracellular pathogen. However, survival of S. aureus within host cells may provide a reservoir relatively protected from antibiotics, thus enabling long-term colonization of the host and explaining clinical failures and relapses after antibiotic therapy. Here we confirm that intracellular reservoirs of S. aureus in mice comprise a virulent subset of bacteria that can establish infection even in the presence of vancomycin, and we introduce a novel therapeutic that effectively kills intracellular S. aureus. This antibody-antibiotic conjugate consists of an anti-S. aureus antibody conjugated to a highly efficacious antibiotic that is activated only after it is released in the proteolytic environment of the phagolysosome. The antibody-antibiotic conjugate is superior to vancomycin for treatment of bacteraemia and provides direct evidence that intracellular S. aureus represents an important component of invasive infections.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lehar, Sophie M -- Pillow, Thomas -- Xu, Min -- Staben, Leanna -- Kajihara, Kimberly K -- Vandlen, Richard -- DePalatis, Laura -- Raab, Helga -- Hazenbos, Wouter L -- Morisaki, J Hiroshi -- Kim, Janice -- Park, Summer -- Darwish, Martine -- Lee, Byoung-Chul -- Hernandez, Hilda -- Loyet, Kelly M -- Lupardus, Patrick -- Fong, Rina -- Yan, Donghong -- Chalouni, Cecile -- Luis, Elizabeth -- Khalfin, Yana -- Plise, Emile -- Cheong, Jonathan -- Lyssikatos, Joseph P -- Strandh, Magnus -- Koefoed, Klaus -- Andersen, Peter S -- Flygare, John A -- Wah Tan, Man -- Brown, Eric J -- Mariathasan, Sanjeev -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 19;527(7578):323-8. doi: 10.1038/nature16057. Epub 2015 Nov 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Infectious Diseases Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Medicinal Chemistry Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Translational Immunology Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Protein Chemistry Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Structural Biology Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Pathology Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Drug metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Symphogen A/S, Pederstrupvej 93, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26536114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Bacteremia/drug therapy/microbiology ; Carrier State/drug therapy/microbiology ; Drug Design ; Female ; Immunoconjugates/chemistry/*pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Intracellular Space/drug effects/*microbiology ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects/pathogenicity ; Mice ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Phagosomes/drug effects/metabolism/microbiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy/*microbiology/pathology ; Staphylococcus aureus/*drug effects/pathogenicity ; Vancomycin/*pharmacology/therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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