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  • 1
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    Cap-dependent translation without base-by-base scanning of an messenger ribonucleic acid (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-23
    Description: ‘Ribosome scanning’ is the generally accepted mechanism for explaining how a ribosome finds an initiation codon located far removed from the ribosome recruiting site (cap structure). However, the molecular characteristics of ribosome scanning along 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) remain obscure. Herein, using a rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL) system and artificial ribonucleic acid (RNA) constructs composed of a capped leader RNA and an uncapped reporter RNA annealed through a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) bridge, we show that the ribosome can efficiently bypass a stable, dsRNA region without melting the structure. The insertion of an upstream open reading frame in the capped leader RNA impaired the translation of reporter RNA, indicating that a ribosome associated with the 5'-end explores the regions upstream of the dsRNA bridge in search of the initiation codon. These data indicate that a ribosome may skip part(s) of an messenger RNA 5'UTR without thoroughly scanning it.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Evidence of a pluripotent human embryonic stem cell line derived from a cloned blastocyst (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-14
    Description: Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology has recently been used to generate animals with a common genetic composition. In this study, we report the derivation of a pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cell line (SCNT-hES-1) from a cloned human blastocyst. The SCNT-hES-1 cells displayed typical ES cell morphology and cell surface markers and were capable of differentiating into embryoid bodies in vitro and of forming teratomas in vivo containing cell derivatives from all three embryonic germ layers in severe combined immunodeficient mice. After continuous proliferation for more than 70 passages, SCNT-hES-1 cells maintained normal karyotypes and were genetically identical to the somatic nuclear donor cells. Although we cannot completely exclude the possibility that the cells had a parthenogenetic origin, imprinting analyses support a SCNT origin of the derived human ES cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hwang, Woo Suk -- Ryu, Young June -- Park, Jong Hyuk -- Park, Eul Soon -- Lee, Eu Gene -- Koo, Ja Min -- Jeon, Hyun Yong -- Lee, Byeong Chun -- Kang, Sung Keun -- Kim, Sun Jong -- Ahn, Curie -- Hwang, Jung Hye -- Park, Ky Young -- Cibelli, Jose B -- Moon, Shin Yong -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 12;303(5664):1669-74. Epub 2004 Feb 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea. hwangws@snu.ac.kr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Blastocyst/*cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Line ; *Cloning, Organism ; Culture Media ; Culture Techniques ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Female ; Genomic Imprinting ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocyte Donation ; Ovarian Follicle/cytology ; Parthenogenesis ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/chemistry/*cytology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tandem Repeat Sequences ; Teratoma/etiology/pathology ; Testicular Neoplasms/etiology/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Cycling Temperatures on Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus in Rice and Cheddar Cheese (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 48 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Initiation of growth, sporulation and aflatoxin production at cycling temperatures took less time than at 15°C but more than at 18°C and 25°C. A. parasiticus produced more aflatoxins on rice under cycling temperatures than at 25°C, 18°C or 15°C, while A. flavus produced less aflatoxin under cycling temperatures. A. parasiticus produced more aflatoxins on cheese under cycling temperatures than at 18°C or 15°C, but much less than at 25°C. A. flavus produced less aflatoxins on cheese under cycling temperatures than at 18°C and 25°C. Both organisms produced trace amounts of toxins at 15°C on cheese. Preincubation at 25°C for 2 days before temperature cycling did not increase aflatoxin production on rice but increased production on cheese. The rate of aflatoxin production on cheese decreased as the temperature decreased. No growth, sporulation or aflatoxin production was observed at 5°C on either rice or cheese.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1983.tb14924.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus parasiticus Under Conditions of Cycling Temperatures (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 46 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of cycling temperatures (5°C for 12 hr and 25°C for 12 hr) on aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 in yeast extract sucrose (YES) medium were studied. Cycling temperatures, after preincubation at 25°C for various times, resulted in more aflatoxin B1, G1, and total aflatoxin production than did constant incubation at either 25°C, which is generally considered to be the optimum for aflatoxin production, or 15°C, which is the same total thermal input as the 5-25°C temperature cycling. With increased preincubation time at 25°C, toxin production increased and the lag phase of growth was shortened or not evident. Cultures that were preincubated at 25°C for 1, 2, and 3 days prior to onset of temperature cycling showed the greatest increase in maximum aflatoxin production over the 25°C and 15°C constant temperatures. Cultures that were not preincubated at 25°C but subjected to constantly fluctuating temperatures produced maximum amounts of aflatoxin equivalent to cultures incubated at a constant 25°C. The maximum aflatoxin production at all temperatures studied occurred during the late log phase of growth and at pH minimums. Aflatoxins were found in higher concentrations in the broth than the mycelia under temperature cycling conditions, at 15°C, and at 25°C during the first 21 days of incubation, whereas greater amounts of toxin were retained in mycelium at 25°C in the later incubation period (28-42 days).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1981.tb03012.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Various methods to determine the gonadal development and spawning season of the purplish Washington clam, Saxidomus purpuratus (Sowerby) (2005)
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Journal of applied ichthyology 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The monthly variation in reproductive cycle, condition factor (fatness), gonad index (GI), ovarian egg diameter and biochemical composition [RNA, DNA content and their ratio RNA/DNA (R/D)] were compared to determine the spawning season of the purplish Washington clam, Saxidomus purpuratus, collected from the west sea of Taean, Korea. All these factors were correlated to the spawning season from May to October. Monthly variation and concentration of the R/D ratio especially represented indicative information about the processes of gonad development and spawning patterns. The increases in R/D ratio in the ovaries corresponded with increases in ovarian egg diameters and the GI during the spawning season. The peak of R/D and RNA content in females was a good indicator of sexual maturation and the DNA content in males. During winter between November and January, the value of fatness, GI, egg size, RNA and DNA content were lower than in other seasons, indicating depletion of energy reserves and lower metabolic demands because of colder temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2004.00636.x
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  • 6
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    A genome-wide association study on thyroid function and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in Koreans (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-19
    Description: Genetic factors are thought to be an important determinant of thyroid function and autoimmunity. However, there are limited data on genetic variants in Asians. In this study, we performed a genome-wide association study on plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT 4 ) concentration and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibody positivity in 4238 Korean subjects. In the Stage 1 genome scan, 3396 participants from the Ansung cohort were investigated using 1.42 million genotyped or imputed markers. In the Stage 2 follow-up, 10 markers were genotyped in 842 participants from the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging cohort. An intronic variant in VAV3, rs12126655, which has been reported in Europeans, was significantly associated with plasma TSH concentration in the joint Stages 1 and 2 analyses ( P = 2.2 x 10 –8 ). We observed that a novel variant, rs2071403, located 75 bp proximal to the translational start site of TPO was significantly associated with plasma anti-TPO antibody positivity in the joint Stages 1 and 2 analyses ( P = 1.3 x 10 –10 ). This variant had a marginal sex-specific effect, and its association was more significant in females. Subjects possessing the rs2071403A allele, associated with an absence of the anti-TPO antibody, had decreased TPO mRNA expression in their thyroid tissue. Another intronic variant of HLA-DPB2 , rs733208, had a suggestive association with anti-TPO antibody positivity ( P = 4.2 x 10 –7 ). In conclusion, we have identified genetic variants that are strongly associated with TSH level and anti-TPO antibody positivity in Koreans. Further replications and meta-analysis are required to confirm these findings.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    KGVDB: a population-based genomic map of CNVs tagged by SNPs in Koreans (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-23
    Description: : Despite a growing interest in a correlation between copy number variations (CNVs) and flanking single nucleotide polymorphisms, few databases provide such information. In particular, most information on CNV available so far was obtained in Caucasian and Yoruba populations, and little is known about CNV in Asian populations. This article presents a database that provides CNV regions tagged by single nucleotide polymorphisms in about 4700 Koreans, which were detected under strict quality control, manually curated and experimentally validated. Availability: KGVDB is freely available for non-commercial use at http://biomi.cdc.go.kr/KGVDB . Contact: kbj6181@cdc.go.kr Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Topological Similarity-Based Feature Selection for Graph Classification (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-28
    Description: Graph classification is an important topic in graph mining research since it has many applications, such as, social web mining, function prediction of molecules for drug design, XML document classification and anomaly detection in program flows. The key difficulty in graph classification lies in selecting a subset of optimal features from a huge number of structural features. The features need to be highly discriminative and small in numbers for better classification accuracy and running time. In this paper, we propose a novel feature selection framework that selects an optimal feature subset by removing redundant subgraphs. Topologically similar subgraphs have similar discriminative powers and coverage. We cluster these subgraphs and select one subgraph as a feature. We also propose an efficient topological similarity-based clustering method that guarantees the efficiency of our framework. Empirical results show that the proposed framework achieves significantly improved classification accuracy and running time in comparison with the state-of-the-art methods.
    Print ISSN: 0010-4620
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2067
    Topics: Computer Science
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Interactomic inhibition of transcription factor [Immunology and Inflammation] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: The nuclear hormone receptor retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) is a transcription factor (TF) specific to TH17 cells that produce interleukin (IL)-17 and have been implicated in a wide range of autoimmunity. Here, we developed a novel therapeutic strategy to modulate the functions of RORγt using cell-transducible form...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    The influence of contacts erosion on the SF6arc (2006)
    Institute of Physics
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    Publication Date: 2006-05-05
    Print ISSN: 0022-3727
    Electronic ISSN: 1361-6463
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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