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  • 1
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    Band-gap transition induced by interlayer van der Waals interaction in MoS_{2} (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-07
    Description: Author(s): S. W. Han, Hyuksang Kwon, Seong Keun Kim, Sunmin Ryu, Won Seok Yun, D. H. Kim, J. H. Hwang, J.-S. Kang, J. Baik, H. J. Shin, and S. C. Hong We have investigated the electronic structures of single- and double-layered MoS 2 , composing of heterojunction structures such as graphene, MoS 2 , and SiO 2 and MoS 2 and SiO 2 , using scanning photoelectron microscopy. Negative shifts of both core levels and valence bands toward the Fermi energy have be... [Phys. Rev. B 84, 045409] Published Wed Jul 06, 2011
    Keywords: Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 2
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    The period ratio distribution of Kepler's candidate multiplanet systems (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-02-26
    Description: We calculate and analyse the distribution of period ratios observed in systems of Kepler exoplanet candidates including studies of both adjacent planet pairs and all planet pairs. These distributions account for both the geometrical bias against detecting more distant planets and the effects of incompleteness due to planets missed by the data reduction pipeline. In addition to some of the known features near first-order mean-motion resonances (MMRs), there is a significant excess of planet pairs with period ratios near 2.2. The statistical significance of this feature is assessed using Monte Carlo simulation. We also investigate the distribution of period ratios near first-order MMR and compare different quantities used to measure this distribution. We find that beyond period ratios of ~2.5, the distribution of all period ratios follows a power law with an exponent –1.26 ± 0.05. We discuss implications that these results may have on the formation and dynamical evolution of Kepler -like planetary systems–systems of sub-Neptune/super-Earth planets with relatively short orbital periods.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    An integrative somatic mutation analysis to identify pathways linked with survival outcomes across 19 cancer types (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-01
    Description: Motivation: Identification of altered pathways that are clinically relevant across human cancers is a key challenge in cancer genomics. Precise identification and understanding of these altered pathways may provide novel insights into patient stratification, therapeutic strategies and the development of new drugs. However, a challenge remains in accurately identifying pathways altered by somatic mutations across human cancers, due to the diverse mutation spectrum. We developed an innovative approach to integrate somatic mutation data with gene networks and pathways, in order to identify pathways altered by somatic mutations across cancers. Results: We applied our approach to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset of somatic mutations in 4790 cancer patients with 19 different types of tumors. Our analysis identified cancer-type-specific altered pathways enriched with known cancer-relevant genes and targets of currently available drugs. To investigate the clinical significance of these altered pathways, we performed consensus clustering for patient stratification using member genes in the altered pathways coupled with gene expression datasets from 4870 patients from TCGA, and multiple independent cohorts confirmed that the altered pathways could be used to stratify patients into subgroups with significantly different clinical outcomes. Of particular significance, certain patient subpopulations with poor prognosis were identified because they had specific altered pathways for which there are available targeted therapies. These findings could be used to tailor and intensify therapy in these patients, for whom current therapy is suboptimal. Availability and implementation: The code is available at: http://www.taehyunlab.org . Contact: jhcheong@yuhs.ac or taehyun.hwang@utsouthwestern.edu or taehyun.cs@gmail.com Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Spontaneous and aging-dependent development of arthritis in NADPH oxidase 2 deficiency through altered differentiation of CD11b+ and Th/Treg cells [Immunology] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-08
    Description: Emerging evidence indicates that NADPH oxidase (NOX) and its reactive oxygen species (ROS) products modulate a variety of cellular events, including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the functions of NOX2 and ROS in immune modulation using NOX2 knockout (KO) mice. Interestingly, NOX2 KO mice spontaneously developed arthritis with onset at 6–7 wk of age and high incidence (60%) at 15–18 wk of age. Arthritis severity in NOX2 KO mice was proportionally increased with age and higher in females than in males. Bone destruction was confirmed by microcomputed tomography scanning and histological analyses of joints. Inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and RANKL, and serum level of anti–type II collagen IgG were significantly increased in NOX2 KO mice. In addition, NOX2 deficiency perturbed the immune system upon aging. NOX2 KO mice demonstrated preferred development of CD11b+Gr-1+ myeloid cells with profound production of proinflammatory cytokines and augmented expression of IL-17 through the activation of STAT3 and RORγt in vivo. NOX2 deficiency increased differentiation of effector Th cells in vitro and decreased CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of NOX2-deficient CD4+ T cells into RAG KO mice increased arthritic inflammation compared with WT cells. These results demonstrated that NOX2 deficiency affected the development of CD11b+ myeloid cells and Th17/Treg cells, and thus promoted inflammatory cytokine production and inflammatory arthritis development, strongly supporting a crucial role for ROS generation in the modulation of Th17/Treg cell development and its related inflammatory immune response upon aging.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 5
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    LSP1 in RA [Medical Sciences] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-25
    Description: Copy number variations (CNVs) have been implicated in human diseases. However, it remains unclear how they affect immune dysfunction and autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we identified a novel leukocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1) deletion variant for RA susceptibility located in 11p15.5. We replicated that the copy number of...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    Soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy study of Mo-rich SrMn_{1-x} Mo_{x} O_{3} (x⩾0.5) (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-25
    Description: Author(s): J. H. Hwang, D. H. Kim, J.-S. Kang, S. Kolesnik, O. Chmaissem, J. Mais, B. Dabrowski, J. Baik, H. J. Shin, Jieun Lee, Bongjae Kim, and B. I. Min Electronic structures of perovskite oxides of SrMn_{1-x} Mo_{x} O_{3} in the Mo-rich regime (x⩾0.5) have been investigated by employing soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Mn 2p XAS spectra of SrMn_{1-x} Mo_{x} O_{3} indicate that the valence states of Mn ions are divalent and that they rema... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 073103] Published Thu Feb 24, 2011
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 7
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    Evidence of a pluripotent human embryonic stem cell line derived from a cloned blastocyst (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-14
    Description: Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology has recently been used to generate animals with a common genetic composition. In this study, we report the derivation of a pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cell line (SCNT-hES-1) from a cloned human blastocyst. The SCNT-hES-1 cells displayed typical ES cell morphology and cell surface markers and were capable of differentiating into embryoid bodies in vitro and of forming teratomas in vivo containing cell derivatives from all three embryonic germ layers in severe combined immunodeficient mice. After continuous proliferation for more than 70 passages, SCNT-hES-1 cells maintained normal karyotypes and were genetically identical to the somatic nuclear donor cells. Although we cannot completely exclude the possibility that the cells had a parthenogenetic origin, imprinting analyses support a SCNT origin of the derived human ES cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hwang, Woo Suk -- Ryu, Young June -- Park, Jong Hyuk -- Park, Eul Soon -- Lee, Eu Gene -- Koo, Ja Min -- Jeon, Hyun Yong -- Lee, Byeong Chun -- Kang, Sung Keun -- Kim, Sun Jong -- Ahn, Curie -- Hwang, Jung Hye -- Park, Ky Young -- Cibelli, Jose B -- Moon, Shin Yong -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 12;303(5664):1669-74. Epub 2004 Feb 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea. hwangws@snu.ac.kr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Blastocyst/*cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Line ; *Cloning, Organism ; Culture Media ; Culture Techniques ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Female ; Genomic Imprinting ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocyte Donation ; Ovarian Follicle/cytology ; Parthenogenesis ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/chemistry/*cytology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tandem Repeat Sequences ; Teratoma/etiology/pathology ; Testicular Neoplasms/etiology/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Patient-specific embryonic stem cells derived from human SCNT blastocysts (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-05-21
    Description: Patient-specific, immune-matched human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are anticipated to be of great biomedical importance for studies of disease and development and to advance clinical deliberations regarding stem cell transplantation. Eleven hESC lines were established by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) of skin cells from patients with disease or injury into donated oocytes. These lines, nuclear transfer (NT)-hESCs, grown on human feeders from the same NT donor or from genetically unrelated individuals, were established at high rates, regardless of NT donor sex or age. NT-hESCs were pluripotent, chromosomally normal, and matched the NT patient's DNA. The major histocompatibility complex identity of each NT-hESC when compared to the patient's own showed immunological compatibility, which is important for eventual transplantation. With the generation of these NT-hESCs, evaluations of genetic and epigenetic stability can be made. Additional work remains to be done regarding the development of reliable directed differentiation and the elimination of remaining animal components. Before clinical use of these cells can occur, preclinical evidence is required to prove that transplantation of differentiated NT-hESCs can be safe, effective, and tolerated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hwang, Woo Suk -- Roh, Sung Il -- Lee, Byeong Chun -- Kang, Sung Keun -- Kwon, Dae Kee -- Kim, Sue -- Kim, Sun Jong -- Park, Sun Woo -- Kwon, Hee Sun -- Lee, Chang Kyu -- Lee, Jung Bok -- Kim, Jin Mee -- Ahn, Curie -- Paek, Sun Ha -- Chang, Sang Sik -- Koo, Jung Jin -- Yoon, Hyun Soo -- Hwang, Jung Hye -- Hwang, Youn Young -- Park, Ye Soo -- Oh, Sun Kyung -- Kim, Hee Sun -- Park, Jong Hyuk -- Moon, Shin Yong -- Schatten, Gerald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 17;308(5729):1777-83. Epub 2005 May 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea. hwangws@snu.ac.kr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15905366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Agammaglobulinemia ; Blastocyst/*cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Line ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Cloning, Organism ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; HLA Antigens/analysis ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Karyotyping ; Male ; *Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocyte Donation ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/immunology ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Tissue and Organ Procurement
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Multifunctional Alloys Obtained via a Dislocation-Free Plastic Deformation Mechanism (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-19
    Description: We describe a group of alloys that exhibit "super" properties, such as ultralow elastic modulus, ultrahigh strength, super elasticity, and super plasticity, at room temperature and that show Elinvar and Invar behavior. These "super" properties are attributable to a dislocation-free plastic deformation mechanism. In cold-worked alloys, this mechanism forms elastic strain fields of hierarchical structure that range in size from the nanometer scale to several tens of micrometers. The resultant elastic strain energy leads to a number of enhanced material properties.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saito, Takashi -- Furuta, Tadahiko -- Hwang, Jung-Hwan -- Kuramoto, Shigeru -- Nishino, Kazuaki -- Suzuki, Nobuaki -- Chen, Rong -- Yamada, Akira -- Ito, Kazuhiko -- Seno, Yoshiki -- Nonaka, Takamasa -- Ikehata, Hideaki -- Nagasako, Naoyuki -- Iwamoto, Chihiro -- Ikuhara, Yuuichi -- Sakuma, Taketo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 18;300(5618):464-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Incorporated, Nagakute Aichi, 480-1192 Japan. saito@mosk.tytlabs.co.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702870" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    MST1 mediates SOD1(G93A)-induced neurotoxicity [Neuroscience] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-17
    Description: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of motor neurons. Dominant mutations in the gene for superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) give rise to familial ALS by an unknown mechanism. Here we show that genetic deficiency of mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (MST1) delays disease onset...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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