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  • Oxford University Press  (61)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (24)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 395-404 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 40 (1991), S. 829-846 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio averaged relativistic effective core potentials (AREP), spin-orbit (SO) operators, and valence basis sets are reported for the elements Fr through Pu in the form of expansions in Gaussian-type functions. Gaussian basis sets with expansion coefficients for the low-energy states of each atom are given. Atomic orbital energies calculated under the j-j coupling scheme within the self-consistent field approximation and employing the AREP'S in their unaveraged form (REP'S) agree to within 10% of orbital energies due to numerical all-electron Dirac-Fock calculations. The accuracy of the AREP'S and so operators is also shown to be good through comparisons of calculated so splitting energies with all-electron Dirac-Fock results.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 55 (1995), S. 393-410 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio self-consistent-field calculations are reported for electronic states of beryllium clusters comprised of 93, 105, 111, and 123 atoms. The respective clusters correspond to coordination shells 12-15 of a central Be atom with internuclear separations derived from the lattice constants of the bulk metal. Ab initio effective core potentials have been employed to replace the 1 s electrons, thereby reducing the complexity of the calculations. In addition, use of the full D3h point group symmetry of the clusters results in a substantial reduction of the numbers of two-electron integrals that must be computed and processed. Binding energies, orbital energies, electric field gradient, nuclear-electrostatic potential, diamagnetic shielding constant, second moments, and Mulliken populations are calculated for selected electronic states. Calculated binding energies when compared among the different clusters as well as to smaller and larger fragments from earlier studies provide evidence for the onset of convergence to the Hartree-Fock limit of the bulk. Lowest-state ionization potentials are consistently above and agree to within 14% of the experimental workfunction. The net charge on the central beryllium atom decreases toward zero. The variability of observed bulklike behavior for the different properties indicates that the transition between cluster and bulklike behavior is not sharp and depends on the quantity of interest. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 497-510 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The thermal decomposition of fibrous cellulose powder from 275° to 340°C has been studied by thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy, krypton adsorption, and gas-chromatographic analysis of the gaseous products arising from pyrolysis in various oxidizing and inert atmospheres. The reaction kinetics fit a phase boundary model where the rate is controlled by the movement of an interface through a cylindrical particle and the principal kinetic parameters fit a compensation curve described previously for the decomposition of wood products. An explanation of the physical mechanism of pyrolysis is proposed which is consistent with the observed rate data and the structural changes observed by scanning electron microscopy.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 409 (1974), S. 106-114 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Katalytische Oxydation von Wasserstoff an NickeloxidenDie katalytische Oxydation von Wasserstoff an hochdispersen sowie gesinterten Nickeloxiden wurde mit einer statischen Methode untersucht und das Vorhandensein zweier verschiedener kinetischer Bereiche festgestellt. Zwischen 0 und 100°C war die anfängliche katalytische Aktivität nicht stationär, und eine stark vergiftende Wirkung des Reaktionsproduktes wurde bei allen Temperaturen bis zu 250°C beobachtet. Die Aktivierungsenergie der Reaktion, die auf den anfänglichen Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten auf frisch entgasten Oxidoberflächen basiert, wies den kleinen Wert von 1-2 kcal . mol-1 bei beiden Präparaten auf. Im Temperaturbereich zwischen 250 und 350°C wurde eine stationär katalytische Aktivität beobachtet, und die Aktivierungsenergie der Reaktion lag bedeutend höher bei 12-15 kcal . mol-1.Der Wechsel in der Aktivierungsenergie wird mit der Wirkung von unterschiedlichen Sauerstoffarten der Katalysatoroberfläche, die in beiden Temperaturbereichen verschiedene Aktivitäten bei der Reaktion aufweisen, diskutiert. Eine Analogie zwischen der Kohlen- oxid- nnd Wasserstoffoxydation an Nickeloxid wird festgestellt sowie ein Kompensationseffekt für eine Reihe von Oxydationsreaktionen gezeigt.
    Notes: The catalytic oxidation of hydrogen on highly-dispersed and sintered nickel oxides has been studied by a static method and the existence of two different kinetic rcgions established. Between 0 and 100°C the initial catalytic activity was not ionary and a strong poisoning effect of the reaction product was observed at all temperatnres up to 250°C. The activation energy of the reaction based on the initial reaction rates on freshly- outgassed oxide surfaces had a low value of 1-2 kcal. mole-1 with both preparations. Between 250 and 350°C stationary catalytic activity was observed and the activation energy of the reaction was significantly higher, 12-14 kcal . mole-1.The change of the activation energy is discussed in terms of the participation in the reaction of oxygen species in the catalyst surface layer which have different reactivities in the two temperature regions. A close analogy is noted between the carbon monoxide and hydrogen oxidation reactions on nickel oxide and a compensation effect is illustrated for a series of oxidation reactions on the oxide.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Investigation of Inorganic Non-Stoichiometric Compounds. XLI. New Oxohalides in the Systems Cu/Nb/O/X (X = Cl, Br, I). Preparation, Thermal Behaviour, and Structure Investigations by HRTEMHeating of CuNb2O6 with NH4X (X = Cl, Br, I) in a temperature gradient (e. g. 1040 → 950°C; sealed silica tube) results in new compounds of the systems Cu/Nb/O/X, which remain at the tube-side with the higher temperature. The main structural motives of the two CuI-oxochloroniobates originating from experiments at different temperatures were determined using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy and computed image simulations. They are supposed to be different modifications (monoclinic low-temperature form and tetragonal high-temperature form). The high-temperature form is related to the tetragonal tungsten bronzes (TTB) and additionally shows hexagonal and heptagonal tunnels parallel to the c-axis. The low-temperature form has the same structural elements as the high-temperature form, but their combination is different. The compounds found in the systems Cu/Nb/O/Br and Cu/Nb/O/I seem to be isotypic to the modifications containing Cl.
    Notes: CuNb2O6 geht beim Erhitzen mit NH4X (X = Cl, Br, I) im Temperaturgefälle (z. B. 1040 → 950°C; Quarzglasampulle) in neue Verbindungen des jeweiligen Systems Cu/Nb/O/X über, die auf der Seite mit der höheren Temperatur zurückbleiben. Mit der hochauflösenden Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie und durch rechnerische Kontrastsimulationen konnte das Strukturprinzip der beiden bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen entstehenden Kupfer(I)-oxochloroniobate aufgeklärt werden. Wahrscheinlich handelt es sich um verschiedene Modifikationen (monokline Tief(T-)- und tetragonale Hochtemperatur(H)-Form). Die H-Form ist mit den tetragonalen Wolframbronzen verwandt, doch treten zusätzlich sechs- und siebeneckige Kanäle längs [ 01] auf. Die monokline T-Form enthält die Strukturelemente der H-Form in anderer Verknüpfungsweise. Guinieraufnahmen sprechen dafür, daß die neuen Phasen der Systeme Cu/Nb/O/Br und Cu/Nb/O/I zu den jeweiligen Modifikationen mit X = Cl isotyp sind.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 587 (1990), S. 208-208 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 591 (1990), S. 95-106 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chemical Vapour Transport of ScNbO4 with Cl2 or NbCl5/Cl2. Experiments and CalculationsCrystals of ScNbO4 can be grown by CVT using Cl2 (added as PtCl2) or a mixture of NbCl5/Cl2 as transport agent (1100°C → 1000°C). As a result of thermodynamic calculations the evaporation and deposition of ScNbO4 in the presence of Cl2 can be expressed by the endothermic equilibrium: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm ScNbO_{4,f}}+3\,{\rm Cl_{2,g}}={\rm ScCl_{3,g}}+{\rm NbOCl_{3,g}}+3/2\, {\rm O_{2,g}}. $$\end{document} With addition of NbCl5 the following endothermic reactions are relevant: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm ScNbO_{4,f}}+3\,{\rm NbCl_{5,g}}={\rm 1/n\,(ScCl_3)_{n,g}}+4\, {\rm NbOCl_{3,g}(n=1-3)} $$\end{document} Although the equilibria (n = 1,2) are more favourable using NbCl5/Cl2 as transport agent than using Cl2 alone, the amount of deposited crystals is strongly reduced by the exothermic reaction ScCl3,g + Sc2Cl6,g = Sc3Cl9,g' so that the mass obtained is only a little larger than with Cl2 as sole transport agent.Assuming ΔBH°298(ScNbO4,s) = -472.1 kcal/mol, a satisfying agreement between thermodynamical calculation and experimental results can be reached.
    Notes: Kristalle von ScNbO4 ließen sich mit Cl2 (Zusatz von PtCl2) oder mit einer Kombination von Cl2 und NbCl5 als Transportmittel im Temperaturgefälle erhalten (1100°C → 1000°C). Bestimmend für den Transport mit Cl2 ist das endotherme Gleichgewicht \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm ScNbO_{4,f}}+3\,{\rm Cl_{2,g}}={\rm ScCl_{3,g}}+{\rm NbOCl_{3,g}}+3/2\, {\rm O_{2,g}}. $$\end{document} Bei Zugabe von NbCl5 sind die folgenden endothermen Reaktionen maßgeblich: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm ScNbO_{4,f}}+3\,{\rm NbCl_{5,g}}={\rm 1/n\,(ScCl_3)_{n,g}}+4\, {\rm NbOCl_{3,g}(n=1-3)} $$\end{document}. Obwohl die Lage der Gleichgewichte mit n = 1 und 2 viel günstiger ist als beim Transport mit Cl2, wird der beobachtete Transporteffekt durch die exotherme Reaktion ScCl3,g + Sc2Cl6,g = Sc3Cl9,g so weit vermindert, daß er nur wenig größer ist als mit Cl2 allein.Thermodynamische Modellrechnungen zeigen eine gute Übereinstimmung mit den Experimenten, wenn ΔBH°298(ScNbO4,f) zu -472,1 kcal/mol abgeschätzt wird.
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