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  • 1
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    Enzyme-inhibitor-like tuning of Ca(2+) channel connectivity with calmodulin (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-02-09
    Description: Ca(2+) channels and calmodulin (CaM) are two prominent signalling hubs that synergistically affect functions as diverse as cardiac excitability, synaptic plasticity and gene transcription. It is therefore fitting that these hubs are in some sense coordinated, as the opening of Ca(V)1-2 Ca(2+) channels are regulated by a single CaM constitutively complexed with channels. The Ca(2+)-free form of CaM (apoCaM) is already pre-associated with the isoleucine-glutamine (IQ) domain on the channel carboxy terminus, and subsequent Ca(2+) binding to this 'resident' CaM drives conformational changes that then trigger regulation of channel opening. Another potential avenue for channel-CaM coordination could arise from the absence of Ca(2+) regulation in channels lacking a pre-associated CaM. Natural fluctuations in CaM concentrations might then influence the fraction of regulable channels and, thereby, the overall strength of Ca(2+) feedback. However, the prevailing view has been that the ultrastrong affinity of channels for apoCaM ensures their saturation with CaM, yielding a significant form of concentration independence between Ca(2+) channels and CaM. Here we show that significant exceptions to this autonomy exist, by combining electrophysiology (to characterize channel regulation) with optical fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensor determination of free-apoCaM concentration in live cells. This approach translates quantitative CaM biochemistry from the traditional test-tube context into the realm of functioning holochannels within intact cells. From this perspective, we find that long splice forms of Ca(V)1.3 and Ca(V)1.4 channels include a distal carboxy tail that resembles an enzyme competitive inhibitor that retunes channel affinity for apoCaM such that natural CaM variations affect the strength of Ca(2+) feedback modulation. Given the ubiquity of these channels, the connection between ambient CaM levels and Ca(2+) entry through channels is broadly significant for Ca(2+) homeostasis. Strategies such as ours promise key advances for the in situ analysis of signalling molecules resistant to in vitro reconstitution, such as Ca(2+) channels.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3553577/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3553577/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Xiaodong -- Yang, Philemon S -- Yang, Wanjun -- Yue, David T -- P30 DC005211/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC000276/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 18;463(7283):968-72. doi: 10.1038/nature08766. Epub 2010 Feb 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Calcium Signals Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Building, Room 713, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20139964" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Apoproteins/analysis/metabolism ; Binding, Competitive/drug effects ; Calcium/analysis/metabolism/pharmacology ; Calcium Channel Blockers/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Calmodulin/analysis/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Electrophysiology ; *Feedback, Physiological ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Humans ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Proline-catalysed Mannich reactions of acetaldehyde (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-22
    Description: Small organic molecules recently emerged as a third class of broadly useful asymmetric catalysts that direct reactions to yield predominantly one chiral product, complementing enzymes and metal complexes. For instance, the amino acid proline and its derivatives are useful for the catalytic activation of carbonyl compounds via nucleophilic enamine intermediates. Several important carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions, including the Mannich reaction, have been developed using this approach, all of which are useful for making chiral, biologically relevant compounds. Remarkably, despite attempts, the simplest of all nucleophiles, acetaldehyde, could not be used in this way. Here we show that acetaldehyde is a powerful nucleophile in asymmetric, proline-catalysed Mannich reactions with N-tert-butoxycarbonyl (N-Boc)-imines, yielding beta-amino aldehydes with extremely high enantioselectivities-desirable products as drug intermediates and in the synthesis of other biologically active molecules. Although acetaldehyde has been used as a nucleophile in reactions with biological catalysts such as aldolases and thiamine-dependent enzymes, and has also been employed indirectly, its use as an inexpensive and versatile two-carbon nucleophile in asymmetric, small-molecule catalysis will find many practical applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Jung Woon -- Chandler, Carley -- Stadler, Michael -- Kampen, Daniela -- List, Benjamin -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 27;452(7186):453-5. doi: 10.1038/nature06740. Epub 2008 Feb 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mulheim an der Ruhr, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18288105" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetaldehyde/*chemistry ; Biological Products/chemical synthesis/chemistry ; Carbon/chemistry ; Catalysis ; Imines/chemistry ; Mannich Bases/*chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Peptides/chemical synthesis/chemistry ; Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemical synthesis/chemistry ; Proline/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    A modular switch for spatial Ca2+ selectivity in the calmodulin regulation of CaV channels (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-01
    Description: Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent regulation of voltage-gated CaV1-2 Ca2+ channels shows extraordinary modes of spatial Ca2+ decoding and channel modulation, vital for many biological functions. A single calmodulin (CaM) molecule associates constitutively with the channel's carboxy-terminal tail, and Ca2+ binding to the C-terminal and N-terminal lobes of CaM can each induce distinct channel regulations. As expected from close channel proximity, the C-lobe responds to the roughly 100-microM Ca2+ pulses driven by the associated channel, a behaviour defined as 'local Ca2+ selectivity'. Conversely, all previous observations have indicated that the N-lobe somehow senses the far weaker signals from distant Ca2+ sources. This 'global Ca2+ selectivity' satisfies a general signalling requirement, enabling a resident molecule to remotely sense cellular Ca2+ activity, which would otherwise be overshadowed by Ca2+ entry through the host channel. Here we show that the spatial Ca2+ selectivity of N-lobe CaM regulation is not invariably global but can be switched by a novel Ca2+/CaM-binding site within the amino terminus of channels (NSCaTE, for N-terminal spatial Ca2+ transforming element). Native CaV2.2 channels lack this element and show N-lobe regulation with a global selectivity. On the introduction of NSCaTE into these channels, spatial Ca2+ selectivity transforms from a global to local profile. Given this effect, we examined CaV1.2/CaV1.3 channels, which naturally contain NSCaTE, and found that their N-lobe selectivity is indeed local. Disruption of this element produces a global selectivity, confirming the native function of NSCaTE. Thus, differences in spatial selectivity between advanced CaV1 and CaV2 channel isoforms are explained by the presence or absence of NSCaTE. Beyond functional effects, the position of NSCaTE on the channel's amino terminus indicates that CaM can bridge the amino terminus and carboxy terminus of channels. Finally, the modularity of NSCaTE offers practical means for understanding the basis of global Ca2+ selectivity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4262256/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4262256/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dick, Ivy E -- Tadross, Michael R -- Liang, Haoya -- Tay, Lai Hock -- Yang, Wanjun -- Yue, David T -- P30 DC005211/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH065531/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 HL076795/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32 DC000023/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 14;451(7180):830-4. doi: 10.1038/nature06529. Epub 2008 Jan 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Calcium Signals Laboratory, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Building, Room 713, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18235447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Calcium Signaling ; Calmodulin/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Evolution, Molecular ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Substrate Specificity
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    PRDM16 controls a brown fat/skeletal muscle switch (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-08-23
    Description: Brown fat can increase energy expenditure and protect against obesity through a specialized program of uncoupled respiration. Here we show by in vivo fate mapping that brown, but not white, fat cells arise from precursors that express Myf5, a gene previously thought to be expressed only in the myogenic lineage. We also demonstrate that the transcriptional regulator PRDM16 (PRD1-BF1-RIZ1 homologous domain containing 16) controls a bidirectional cell fate switch between skeletal myoblasts and brown fat cells. Loss of PRDM16 from brown fat precursors causes a loss of brown fat characteristics and promotes muscle differentiation. Conversely, ectopic expression of PRDM16 in myoblasts induces their differentiation into brown fat cells. PRDM16 stimulates brown adipogenesis by binding to PPAR-gamma (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma) and activating its transcriptional function. Finally, Prdm16-deficient brown fat displays an abnormal morphology, reduced thermogenic gene expression and elevated expression of muscle-specific genes. Taken together, these data indicate that PRDM16 specifies the brown fat lineage from a progenitor that expresses myoblast markers and is not involved in white adipogenesis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2583329/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2583329/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seale, Patrick -- Bjork, Bryan -- Yang, Wenli -- Kajimura, Shingo -- Chin, Sherry -- Kuang, Shihuan -- Scime, Anthony -- Devarakonda, Srikripa -- Conroe, Heather M -- Erdjument-Bromage, Hediye -- Tempst, Paul -- Rudnicki, Michael A -- Beier, David R -- Spiegelman, Bruce M -- R01 AR044031/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR044031-11/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK031405/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK031405-27/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 21;454(7207):961-7. doi: 10.1038/nature07182.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 1 Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18719582" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes, Brown/cytology/*metabolism ; Adipocytes, White/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue, Brown/cytology ; Animals ; COS Cells ; *Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Male ; Mice ; Muscle Development/genetics ; Muscle, Skeletal/cytology/growth & development/*metabolism ; Myogenic Regulatory Factor 5/genetics ; PPAR gamma/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 5
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    Crystal structure of the V(D)J recombinase RAG1-RAG2 (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-02-25
    Description: V(D)J recombination in the vertebrate immune system generates a highly diverse population of immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors by combinatorial joining of segments of coding DNA. The RAG1-RAG2 protein complex initiates this site-specific recombination by cutting DNA at specific sites flanking the coding segments. Here we report the crystal structure of the mouse RAG1-RAG2 complex at 3.2 A resolution. The 230-kilodalton RAG1-RAG2 heterotetramer is 'Y-shaped', with the amino-terminal domains of the two RAG1 chains forming an intertwined stalk. Each RAG1-RAG2 heterodimer composes one arm of the 'Y', with the active site in the middle and RAG2 at its tip. The RAG1-RAG2 structure rationalizes more than 60 mutations identified in immunodeficient patients, as well as a large body of genetic and biochemical data. The architectural similarity between RAG1 and the hairpin-forming transposases Hermes and Tn5 suggests the evolutionary conservation of these DNA rearrangements.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4342785/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4342785/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Min-Sung -- Lapkouski, Mikalai -- Yang, Wei -- Gellert, Martin -- Z01 DK036147-01/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Z01 DK036147-02/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Z01 DK036167-01/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Z01 DK036167-02/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA DK036147-03/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA DK036147-04/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA DK036147-05/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA DK036147-06/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA DK036147-07/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA DK036147-08/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA DK036167-03/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA DK036167-04/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA DK036167-05/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA DK036167-06/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA DK036167-07/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Feb 26;518(7540):507-11. doi: 10.1038/nature14174. Epub 2015 Feb 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Biology, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25707801" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/chemistry/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation/genetics ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/genetics ; Transposases/chemistry ; VDJ Recombinases/*chemistry/metabolism ; X-Linked Combined Immunodeficiency Diseases/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Nuclear PKM2 regulates beta-catenin transactivation upon EGFR activation (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2011-11-08
    Description: The embryonic pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) isoform is highly expressed in human cancer. In contrast to the established role of PKM2 in aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect, its non-metabolic functions remain elusive. Here we demonstrate, in human cancer cells, that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation induces translocation of PKM2, but not PKM1, into the nucleus, where K433 of PKM2 binds to c-Src-phosphorylated Y333 of beta-catenin. This interaction is required for both proteins to be recruited to the CCND1 promoter, leading to HDAC3 removal from the promoter, histone H3 acetylation and cyclin D1 expression. PKM2-dependent beta-catenin transactivation is instrumental in EGFR-promoted tumour cell proliferation and brain tumour development. In addition, positive correlations have been identified between c-Src activity, beta-catenin Y333 phosphorylation and PKM2 nuclear accumulation in human glioblastoma specimens. Furthermore, levels of beta-catenin phosphorylation and nuclear PKM2 have been correlated with grades of glioma malignancy and prognosis. These findings reveal that EGF induces beta-catenin transactivation via a mechanism distinct from that induced by Wnt/Wingless and highlight the essential non-metabolic functions of PKM2 in EGFR-promoted beta-catenin transactivation, cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3235705/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3235705/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Weiwei -- Xia, Yan -- Ji, Haitao -- Zheng, Yanhua -- Liang, Ji -- Huang, Wenhua -- Gao, Xiang -- Aldape, Kenneth -- Lu, Zhimin -- 5 P50 CA127001-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5R01CA109035/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA16672/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA109035/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA109035-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Dec 1;480(7375):118-22. doi: 10.1038/nature10598.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22056988" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclin D1/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Neoplasms/physiopathology ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Transport ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Pyruvate Kinase/*metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/*metabolism ; beta Catenin/*metabolism ; src-Family Kinases
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Systematic identification of genomic markers of drug sensitivity in cancer cells (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-31
    Description: Clinical responses to anticancer therapies are often restricted to a subset of patients. In some cases, mutated cancer genes are potent biomarkers for responses to targeted agents. Here, to uncover new biomarkers of sensitivity and resistance to cancer therapeutics, we screened a panel of several hundred cancer cell lines--which represent much of the tissue-type and genetic diversity of human cancers--with 130 drugs under clinical and preclinical investigation. In aggregate, we found that mutated cancer genes were associated with cellular response to most currently available cancer drugs. Classic oncogene addiction paradigms were modified by additional tissue-specific or expression biomarkers, and some frequently mutated genes were associated with sensitivity to a broad range of therapeutic agents. Unexpected relationships were revealed, including the marked sensitivity of Ewing's sarcoma cells harbouring the EWS (also known as EWSR1)-FLI1 gene translocation to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. By linking drug activity to the functional complexity of cancer genomes, systematic pharmacogenomic profiling in cancer cell lines provides a powerful biomarker discovery platform to guide rational cancer therapeutic strategies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3349233/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3349233/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garnett, Mathew J -- Edelman, Elena J -- Heidorn, Sonja J -- Greenman, Chris D -- Dastur, Anahita -- Lau, King Wai -- Greninger, Patricia -- Thompson, I Richard -- Luo, Xi -- Soares, Jorge -- Liu, Qingsong -- Iorio, Francesco -- Surdez, Didier -- Chen, Li -- Milano, Randy J -- Bignell, Graham R -- Tam, Ah T -- Davies, Helen -- Stevenson, Jesse A -- Barthorpe, Syd -- Lutz, Stephen R -- Kogera, Fiona -- Lawrence, Karl -- McLaren-Douglas, Anne -- Mitropoulos, Xeni -- Mironenko, Tatiana -- Thi, Helen -- Richardson, Laura -- Zhou, Wenjun -- Jewitt, Frances -- Zhang, Tinghu -- O'Brien, Patrick -- Boisvert, Jessica L -- Price, Stacey -- Hur, Wooyoung -- Yang, Wanjuan -- Deng, Xianming -- Butler, Adam -- Choi, Hwan Geun -- Chang, Jae Won -- Baselga, Jose -- Stamenkovic, Ivan -- Engelman, Jeffrey A -- Sharma, Sreenath V -- Delattre, Olivier -- Saez-Rodriguez, Julio -- Gray, Nathanael S -- Settleman, Jeffrey -- Futreal, P Andrew -- Haber, Daniel A -- Stratton, Michael R -- Ramaswamy, Sridhar -- McDermott, Ultan -- Benes, Cyril H -- 086357/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 1U54HG006097-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P41GM079575-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Mar 28;483(7391):570-5. doi: 10.1038/nature11005.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22460902" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects/*genetics ; *Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics ; Genes, Neoplasm/*genetics ; Genetic Markers/*genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genomics ; Humans ; Indoles/pharmacology ; Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*genetics/pathology ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics ; Pharmacogenetics ; Phthalazines/pharmacology ; Piperazines/pharmacology ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors ; Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1/genetics ; RNA-Binding Protein EWS/genetics ; Sarcoma, Ewing/drug therapy/genetics/pathology
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  • 8
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    Ptpn11 deletion in a novel progenitor causes metachondromatosis by inducing hedgehog signalling (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2013-07-19
    Description: The tyrosine phosphatase SHP2, encoded by PTPN11, is required for the survival, proliferation and differentiation of various cell types. Germline activating mutations in PTPN11 cause Noonan syndrome, whereas somatic PTPN11 mutations cause childhood myeloproliferative disease and contribute to some solid tumours. Recently, heterozygous inactivating mutations in PTPN11 were found in metachondromatosis, a rare inherited disorder featuring multiple exostoses, enchondromas, joint destruction and bony deformities. The detailed pathogenesis of this disorder has remained unclear. Here we use a conditional knockout (floxed) Ptpn11 allele (Ptpn11(fl)) and Cre recombinase transgenic mice to delete Ptpn11 specifically in monocytes, macrophages and osteoclasts (lysozyme M-Cre; LysMCre) or in cathepsin K (Ctsk)-expressing cells, previously thought to be osteoclasts. LysMCre;Ptpn11(fl/fl) mice had mild osteopetrosis. Notably, however, CtskCre;Ptpn11(fl/fl) mice developed features very similar to metachondromatosis. Lineage tracing revealed a novel population of CtskCre-expressing cells in the perichondrial groove of Ranvier that display markers and functional properties consistent with mesenchymal progenitors. Chondroid neoplasms arise from these cells and show decreased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway activation, increased Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (Pthrp, also known as Pthlh) expression and excessive proliferation. Shp2-deficient chondroprogenitors had decreased fibroblast growth factor-evoked ERK activation and enhanced Ihh and Pthrp expression, whereas fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) or mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor treatment of chondroid cells increased Ihh and Pthrp expression. Importantly, smoothened inhibitor treatment ameliorated metachondromatosis features in CtskCre;Ptpn11(fl/fl) mice. Thus, in contrast to its pro-oncogenic role in haematopoietic and epithelial cells, Ptpn11 is a tumour suppressor in cartilage, acting through a FGFR/MEK/ERK-dependent pathway in a novel progenitor cell population to prevent excessive Ihh production.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4148013/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4148013/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Wentian -- Wang, Jianguo -- Moore, Douglas C -- Liang, Haipei -- Dooner, Mark -- Wu, Qian -- Terek, Richard -- Chen, Qian -- Ehrlich, Michael G -- Quesenberry, Peter J -- Neel, Benjamin G -- 8P20GM103468/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NIH R21AR57156/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P20 RR025179/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R21 AR057156/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R37CA49152/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jul 25;499(7459):491-5. doi: 10.1038/nature12396. Epub 2013 Jul 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA. wyang@lifespan.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23863940" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/*metabolism/*pathology ; Cartilage/metabolism/pathology ; Cathepsin K/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Division ; Cell Lineage ; Chondromatosis/drug therapy/genetics/*metabolism/*pathology ; Exostoses, Multiple Hereditary/drug therapy/genetics/*metabolism/*pathology ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor/physiology ; Hedgehog Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/cytology/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Monocytes/metabolism ; Osteoclasts/metabolism ; Osteopetrosis/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein/metabolism ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type ; 11/*deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Draft genome of the wheat A-genome progenitor Triticum urartu (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2013-03-29
    Description: Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, AABBDD) is one of the most widely cultivated and consumed food crops in the world. However, the complex polyploid nature of its genome makes genetic and functional analyses extremely challenging. The A genome, as a basic genome of bread wheat and other polyploid wheats, for example, T. turgidum (AABB), T. timopheevii (AAGG) and T. zhukovskyi (AAGGA(m)A(m)), is central to wheat evolution, domestication and genetic improvement. The progenitor species of the A genome is the diploid wild einkorn wheat T. urartu, which resembles cultivated wheat more extensively than do Aegilops speltoides (the ancestor of the B genome) and Ae. tauschii (the donor of the D genome), especially in the morphology and development of spike and seed. Here we present the generation, assembly and analysis of a whole-genome shotgun draft sequence of the T. urartu genome. We identified protein-coding gene models, performed genome structure analyses and assessed its utility for analysing agronomically important genes and for developing molecular markers. Our T. urartu genome assembly provides a diploid reference for analysis of polyploid wheat genomes and is a valuable resource for the genetic improvement of wheat.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ling, Hong-Qing -- Zhao, Shancen -- Liu, Dongcheng -- Wang, Junyi -- Sun, Hua -- Zhang, Chi -- Fan, Huajie -- Li, Dong -- Dong, Lingli -- Tao, Yong -- Gao, Chuan -- Wu, Huilan -- Li, Yiwen -- Cui, Yan -- Guo, Xiaosen -- Zheng, Shusong -- Wang, Biao -- Yu, Kang -- Liang, Qinsi -- Yang, Wenlong -- Lou, Xueyuan -- Chen, Jie -- Feng, Mingji -- Jian, Jianbo -- Zhang, Xiaofei -- Luo, Guangbin -- Jiang, Ying -- Liu, Junjie -- Wang, Zhaobao -- Sha, Yuhui -- Zhang, Bairu -- Wu, Huajun -- Tang, Dingzhong -- Shen, Qianhua -- Xue, Pengya -- Zou, Shenhao -- Wang, Xiujie -- Liu, Xin -- Wang, Famin -- Yang, Yanping -- An, Xueli -- Dong, Zhenying -- Zhang, Kunpu -- Zhang, Xiangqi -- Luo, Ming-Cheng -- Dvorak, Jan -- Tong, Yiping -- Wang, Jian -- Yang, Huanming -- Li, Zhensheng -- Wang, Daowen -- Zhang, Aimin -- Wang, Jun -- England -- Nature. 2013 Apr 4;496(7443):87-90. doi: 10.1038/nature11997. Epub 2013 Mar 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23535596" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Brachypodium/genetics ; Crops, Agricultural/classification/genetics ; Diploidy ; Genetic Markers/genetics ; Genome, Plant/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oryza/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Sorghum/genetics ; Synteny/genetics ; Triticum/classification/*genetics ; Zea mays/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Ca2+ regulates T-cell receptor activation by modulating the charge property of lipids (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-04
    Description: Ionic protein-lipid interactions are critical for the structure and function of membrane receptors, ion channels, integrins and many other proteins. However, the regulatory mechanism of these interactions is largely unknown. Here we show that Ca(2+) can bind directly to anionic phospholipids and thus modulate membrane protein function. The activation of T-cell antigen receptor-CD3 complex (TCR), a key membrane receptor for adaptive immunity, is regulated by ionic interactions between positively charged CD3epsilon/zeta cytoplasmic domains (CD3(CD)) and negatively charged phospholipids in the plasma membrane. Crucial tyrosines are buried in the membrane and are largely protected from phosphorylation in resting T cells. It is not clear how CD3(CD) dissociates from the membrane in antigen-stimulated T cells. The antigen engagement of even a single TCR triggers a Ca(2+) influx and TCR-proximal Ca(2+) concentration is higher than the average cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration. Our biochemical, live-cell fluorescence resonance energy transfer and NMR experiments showed that an increase in Ca(2+) concentration induced the dissociation of CD3(CD) from the membrane and the solvent exposure of tyrosine residues. As a consequence, CD3 tyrosine phosphorylation was significantly enhanced by Ca(2+) influx. Moreover, when compared with wild-type cells, Ca(2+) channel-deficient T cells had substantially lower levels of CD3 phosphorylation after stimulation. The effect of Ca(2+) on facilitating CD3 phosphorylation is primarily due to the charge of this ion, as demonstrated by the fact that replacing Ca(2+) with the non-physiological ion Sr(2+) resulted in the same feedback effect. Finally, (31)P NMR spectroscopy showed that Ca(2+) bound to the phosphate group in anionic phospholipids at physiological concentrations, thus neutralizing the negative charge of phospholipids. Rather than initiating CD3 phosphorylation, this regulatory pathway of Ca(2+) has a positive feedback effect on amplifying and sustaining CD3 phosphorylation and should enhance T-cell sensitivity to foreign antigens. Our study thus provides a new regulatory mechanism of Ca(2+) to T-cell activation involving direct lipid manipulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shi, Xiaoshan -- Bi, Yunchen -- Yang, Wei -- Guo, Xingdong -- Jiang, Yan -- Wan, Chanjuan -- Li, Lunyi -- Bai, Yibing -- Guo, Jun -- Wang, Yujuan -- Chen, Xiangjun -- Wu, Bo -- Sun, Hongbin -- Liu, Wanli -- Wang, Junfeng -- Xu, Chenqi -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jan 3;493(7430):111-5. doi: 10.1038/nature11699. Epub 2012 Dec 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23201688" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Feedback, Physiological/drug effects ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Lipid Bilayers/chemistry/metabolism ; *Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects ; Mice ; Phospholipids/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation/drug effects ; Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/drug effects/immunology/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Solvents/chemistry/metabolism ; Static Electricity ; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/immunology/*metabolism ; Tyrosine/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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