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  • Animals  (39)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (39)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 1998-06-20
    Description: In humans, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) receptor deficiency leads to a predisposition to mycobacterial infections and impairs the formation of mature granulomas. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) receptor deficiency was found in otherwise healthy individuals with mycobacterial infections. Mature granulomas were seen, surrounded by T cells and centered with epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells, yet reduced IFN-gamma concentrations were found to be secreted by activated natural killer and T cells. Thus, IL-12-dependent IFN-gamma secretion in humans seems essential in the control of mycobacterial infections, despite the formation of mature granulomas due to IL-12-independent IFN-gamma secretion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altare, F -- Durandy, A -- Lammas, D -- Emile, J F -- Lamhamedi, S -- Le Deist, F -- Drysdale, P -- Jouanguy, E -- Doffinger, R -- Bernaudin, F -- Jeppsson, O -- Gollob, J A -- Meinl, E -- Segal, A W -- Fischer, A -- Kumararatne, D -- Casanova, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 29;280(5368):1432-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM U429, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris 75015, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9603732" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Female ; Granuloma/immunology ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis/immunology/secretion ; Interleukin-12/*immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutation ; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection/*immunology ; *Mycobacterium bovis ; Pedigree ; Receptors, Interferon/genetics/immunology ; Receptors, Interleukin/deficiency/*genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin-12 ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Tuberculosis/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2000-04-28
    Description: Memories are thought to be due to lasting synaptic modifications in the brain. The search for memory traces has relied predominantly on determining regions that are necessary for the process. However, a more informative approach is to define the smallest sufficient set of brain structures. The rutabaga adenylyl cyclase, an enzyme that is ubiquitously expressed in the Drosophila brain and that mediates synaptic plasticity, is needed exclusively in the Kenyon cells of the mushroom bodies for a component of olfactory short-term memory. This demonstrates that synaptic plasticity in a small brain region can be sufficient for memory formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zars, T -- Fischer, M -- Schulz, R -- Heisenberg, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 28;288(5466):672-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Theodor Boveri Institut fur Biowissenschaften, Lehrstuhl fur Genetik, (Biozentrum) Am Hubland, D97074, Wurzburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10784450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/genetics/*metabolism ; Animals ; Avoidance Learning ; Brain/enzymology/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Drosophila/enzymology/genetics/*physiology ; Electroshock ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Fungal Proteins/genetics ; *Memory, Short-Term ; Mutation ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/enzymology/*physiology ; Olfactory Pathways ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Smell ; Synapses/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-01-07
    Description: Dorsoventral patterning of vertebrate and Drosophila embryos requires bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and antagonists of BMP activity. The Drosophila gene tolloid encodes a metalloprotease similar to BMP-1 that interacts genetically with decapentaplegic, the Drosophila homolog of vertebrate BMP-2/4. Zebrafish embryos overexpressing a zebrafish homolog of tolloid were shown to resemble loss-of-function mutations in chordino, the zebrafish homolog of the Xenopus BMP-4 antagonist Chordin. Furthermore, Chordin was degraded by COS cells expressing Tolloid. These data suggest that Tolloid antagonizes Chordin activity by proteolytically cleaving Chordin. A conserved function for zebrafish and Drosophila Tolloid during embryogenesis is proposed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blader, P -- Rastegar, S -- Fischer, N -- Strahle, U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Dec 12;278(5345):1937-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/INSERM/ULP, BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, C.U. de Strasbourg, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9395394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Body Patterning ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; COS Cells ; Cell Lineage ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Insect Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; *Receptors, Growth Factor ; Signal Transduction ; Tolloid-Like Metalloproteinases ; Transfection ; Xenopus Proteins ; Zebrafish/*embryology/genetics/metabolism ; Zebrafish Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1992-07-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wicker, L S -- Podolin, P L -- Fischer, P -- Sirotina, A -- Boltz, R C Jr -- Peterson, L B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jun 26;256(5065):1828-30; author reply 1830-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1319611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD27 ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*biosynthesis ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Blotting, Northern ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Flow Cytometry ; H-2 Antigens/*biosynthesis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1990-08-17
    Description: The major small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) U1, U2, U4 + U6, and U5 have to be transported from the cytoplasm, where they are synthesized, to the nucleus, where they splice pre-messenger RNAs. Since the free core snRNP proteins in the cytoplasm do not enter the nucleus on their own, the nuclear location signal must either reside on the snRNA or be created as a result of snRNA-protein interaction. Here the involvement by the 5'-terminal cap of snRNA molecules in the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of UsnRNPs has been studied by microinjection of synthetic U1 RNA molecules into frog oocytes; the U1 RNA bore either the normal cap (m3G) or a chemical derivative. Antibodies in the cytoplasm against the m3G cap inhibited the nuclear uptake of U1 snRNP. U1 RNA that was uncapped or contained an unnatural ApppG cap did not enter the nucleus, even though it carried a normal complement of protein molecules. When the ribose ring of the m3G cap was oxidized with periodate, nuclear transport of U1 snRNPs was severely inhibited. Finally, microinjection of m3G cap alone (but not m7G cap) into oocytes severely inhibited the transport of U1 snRNPs to the nucleus. These data suggest that one step in the nuclear uptake of U1 snRNPs involves the m3G cap structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fischer, U -- Luhrmann, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 17;249(4970):786-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Molekularbiologie und Tumorforschung, Phillipps-Universitat Marburg, Federal Republic of Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2143847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Transport ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Female ; Guanosine/*analogs & derivatives/physiology ; Kinetics ; Mutation ; Oocytes/*ultrastructure ; RNA Caps/*physiology ; Ribonucleoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear ; Signal Transduction/*physiology ; Xenopus laevis
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1991-07-26
    Description: Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) represent a diverse family of enzymes that exist as integral membrane and nonreceptor forms. The PTPs, with specific activities in vitro 10 to 1000 times greater than those of the protein tyrosine kinases would be expected to effectively control the amount of phosphotyrosine in the cell. They dephosphorylate tyrosyl residues in vivo and take part in signal transduction and cell cycle regulation. Most of the transmembrane forms, such as the leukocyte common antigen (CD45), contain two conserved intracellular catalytic domains; but their external segments are highly variable. The structural features of the transmembrane forms suggest that these receptor-linked PTPs are capable of transducing external signals; however, the ligands remain unidentified. A hypothesis is proposed explaining how phosphatases might act synergistically with the kinases to elicit a full physiological response, without regard to the state of phosphorylation of the target proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fischer, E H -- Charbonneau, H -- Tonks, N K -- DK07902/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM15731/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM42508/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jul 26;253(5018):401-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1650499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Isoenzymes/*genetics/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/*genetics/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2007-09-01
    Description: Although common among bacteria, lateral gene transfer-the movement of genes between distantly related organisms-is thought to occur only rarely between bacteria and multicellular eukaryotes. However, the presence of endosymbionts, such as Wolbachia pipientis, within some eukaryotic germlines may facilitate bacterial gene transfers to eukaryotic host genomes. We therefore examined host genomes for evidence of gene transfer events from Wolbachia bacteria to their hosts. We found and confirmed transfers into the genomes of four insect and four nematode species that range from nearly the entire Wolbachia genome (〉1 megabase) to short (〈500 base pairs) insertions. Potential Wolbachia-to-host transfers were also detected computationally in three additional sequenced insect genomes. We also show that some of these inserted Wolbachia genes are transcribed within eukaryotic cells lacking endosymbionts. Therefore, heritable lateral gene transfer occurs into eukaryotic hosts from their prokaryote symbionts, potentially providing a mechanism for acquisition of new genes and functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dunning Hotopp, Julie C -- Clark, Michael E -- Oliveira, Deodoro C S G -- Foster, Jeremy M -- Fischer, Peter -- Munoz Torres, Monica C -- Giebel, Jonathan D -- Kumar, Nikhil -- Ishmael, Nadeeza -- Wang, Shiliang -- Ingram, Jessica -- Nene, Rahul V -- Shepard, Jessica -- Tomkins, Jeffrey -- Richards, Stephen -- Spiro, David J -- Ghedin, Elodie -- Slatko, Barton E -- Tettelin, Herve -- Werren, John H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 21;317(5845):1753-6. Epub 2007 Aug 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genomic Research, J. Craig Venter Institute, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. jhotopp@som.umaryland.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17761848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA, Bacterial ; Drosophila/genetics/microbiology ; Female ; *Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genes, Bacterial ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Insects/*genetics/microbiology ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nematoda/*genetics/microbiology ; Retroelements ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Symbiosis ; Wolbachia/*genetics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2009-11-07
    Description: X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a severe brain demyelinating disease in boys that is caused by a deficiency in ALD protein, an adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter encoded by the ABCD1 gene. ALD progression can be halted by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We initiated a gene therapy trial in two ALD patients for whom there were no matched donors. Autologous CD34+ cells were removed from the patients, genetically corrected ex vivo with a lentiviral vector encoding wild-type ABCD1, and then re-infused into the patients after they had received myeloablative treatment. Over a span of 24 to 30 months of follow-up, we detected polyclonal reconstitution, with 9 to 14% of granulocytes, monocytes, and T and B lymphocytes expressing the ALD protein. These results strongly suggest that hematopoietic stem cells were transduced in the patients. Beginning 14 to 16 months after infusion of the genetically corrected cells, progressive cerebral demyelination in the two patients stopped, a clinical outcome comparable to that achieved by allogeneic HCT. Thus, lentiviral-mediated gene therapy of hematopoietic stem cells can provide clinical benefits in ALD.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cartier, Nathalie -- Hacein-Bey-Abina, Salima -- Bartholomae, Cynthia C -- Veres, Gabor -- Schmidt, Manfred -- Kutschera, Ina -- Vidaud, Michel -- Abel, Ulrich -- Dal-Cortivo, Liliane -- Caccavelli, Laure -- Mahlaoui, Nizar -- Kiermer, Veronique -- Mittelstaedt, Denice -- Bellesme, Celine -- Lahlou, Najiba -- Lefrere, Francois -- Blanche, Stephane -- Audit, Muriel -- Payen, Emmanuel -- Leboulch, Philippe -- l'Homme, Bruno -- Bougneres, Pierre -- Von Kalle, Christof -- Fischer, Alain -- Cavazzana-Calvo, Marina -- Aubourg, Patrick -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):818-23. doi: 10.1126/science.1171242.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM UMR745, University Paris-Descartes, 75279 Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892975" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/*genetics ; Adrenoleukodystrophy/genetics/pathology/*therapy ; Animals ; Brain/pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Child ; Disease Progression ; Fatty Acids/blood ; Female ; Gene Expression ; *Genetic Therapy ; *Genetic Vectors ; HIV-1/*genetics ; Hematopoiesis ; *Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*physiology/virology ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Microglia/cytology/metabolism ; Myeloablative Agonists/therapeutic use ; Transduction, Genetic ; Transplantation Conditioning ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Virus Integration
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-11-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fischer, Joern -- Batary, Peter -- Bawa, Kamaljit S -- Brussaard, Lijbert -- Chappell, M Jahi -- Clough, Yann -- Daily, Gretchen C -- Dorrough, Josh -- Hartel, Tibor -- Jackson, Louise E -- Klein, Alexandra M -- Kremen, Claire -- Kuemmerle, Tobias -- Lindenmayer, David B -- Mooney, Harold A -- Perfecto, Ivette -- Philpott, Stacy M -- Tscharntke, Teja -- Vandermeer, John -- Wanger, Thomas Cherico -- Von Wehrden, Henrik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 4;334(6056):593; author reply 594-5. doi: 10.1126/science.334.6056.593-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22053026" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crops, Agricultural/*growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; *Food
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-12-24
    Description: Arthritis is a leading cause of disability, and when nonoperative methods have failed, a prosthetic implant is a cost-effective and clinically successful treatment. Metal-on-metal replacements are an attractive implant technology, a lower-wear alternative to metal-on-polyethylene devices. Relatively little is known about how sliding occurs in these implants, except that proteins play a critical role and that there is a tribological layer on the metal surface. We report evidence for graphitic material in the tribological layer in metal-on-metal hip replacements retrieved from patients. As graphite is a solid lubricant, its presence helps to explain why these components exhibit low wear and suggests methods of improving their performance; simultaneously, this raises the issue of the physiological effects of graphitic wear debris.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liao, Y -- Pourzal, R -- Wimmer, M A -- Jacobs, J J -- Fischer, A -- Marks, L D -- 1RC2AR058993-01/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 23;334(6063):1687-90. doi: 10.1126/science.1213902.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22194573" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Biocompatible Materials ; Cattle ; Corrosion ; Friction ; Graphite/*analysis ; *Hip Prosthesis/adverse effects ; Humans ; Metal Nanoparticles ; Prosthesis Design ; Prosthesis Failure ; Serum ; Spectroscopy, Electron Energy-Loss ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; Surface Properties ; *Vitallium
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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