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  • 1995-1999  (13)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Instrumental improvements in optical waveguide light mode spectroscopy for the study of biomolecule adsorption (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 2172-2176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Optical waveguide light mode spectroscopy (OWLS) is a new technique that is particularly well suited to the in situ study of biomolecule adsorption kinetics on surfaces. Here we describe improvements to a commercial OWLS instrument in order to allow for easy combination with other ex situ surface-characterization methods, such as x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and atomic force microscopy. Further, the problem of contamination of the waveguide surface arising from the use of silicone in the flow-through cuvette with which biomolecules are brought into contact with the adsorbing surface had to be resolved, as it greatly altered the wetting and adsorption properties of the waveguide. Finally, through physical vapor deposition of thin, nanosized layers of titanium oxide onto the waveguide layer, it is possible to simulate the surface properties of oxide-covered titanium implant surfaces. However, scanning angle constraints set by the mechanics of the commercial instrument must be borne in mind. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148069
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface characterization (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 10 (1999), S. 35-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The biocompatibility of commercially pure titanium and its alloys is closely related to their surface properties, with both the composition of the protecting oxide film and the surface topography playing an important role. Surfaces of commercially pure titanium and of the two alloys Ti–6Al–7Nb and Ti–6Al–4V (wt %) have been investigated following three different pretreatments: polishing, nitric acid passivation and pickling in nitric acid–hydrogen fluoride. Nitric acid treatment is found to substantially reduce the concentration of surface contaminants present after polishing. The natural 4–6 nm thick oxide layer on commercially pure titanium is composed of titanium oxide in different oxidation states (TiO2, Ti2O3 and TiO), while for the alloys, aluminium and niobium or vanadium are additionally present in oxidized form (Al2O3, Nb2O5 or V-oxides). The concentrations of the alloying elements at the surface are shown to be strongly dependent on the pretreatment process. While pickling increases the surface roughness of both commercially pure titanium and the alloys, different mechanisms appear to be involved. In the case of commercially pure titanium, the dissolution rate depends on grain orientation, whereas in the case of the two alloys, selective α-phase dissolution and enrichment of the β-phase appears to occur. © 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008840026907
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of anodic spark-converted titanium surfaces for biomedical applications (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 10 (1999), S. 453-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the present study was to characterize the surface morphology, microstructure and the chemical composition of anodic spark-converted titanium surfaces. The coatings were prepared in an electrochemical cell by the anodic spark deposition technique in an aqueous solution of CaH2PO4)2. The coatings were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The properties of the coatings are described in terms of morphology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008988706980
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The implant material, Ti6Al7Nb: surface microstructure, composition and properties (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 10 (1999), S. 191-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The excellent biocompatibility of titanium and its alloys is intimately related with the properties of the surface in contact with the biological environment, and therefore it is closely connected with the stable, passivating oxide layer that forms on its surface. In the present paper, the oxide layer on the alloy Ti6Al7Nb has been characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning Auger microscopy and pH-dependent lateral force microscopy. The alloying elements Al and Nb are incorporated in the oxide layer and detected in their most stable oxidized form, as Al2O3 and Nb2O5. Their distribution in the oxide reflects the underlying α-β microstructure, with enrichment of Al in the α- and of Nb in the β-phase (determined by electron microprobe). Friction measurements (lateral force microscopy) indicate slightly different, pH-dependent, lateral forces above the α- and β-phase structures that point to small local variations in surface charges. © 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008997726370
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface activation of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and formation of calcium phosphate coatings by precipitation (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1997), S. 683-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Plasma activation of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) surfaces and the influence on coating formation in a supersaturated calcium phosphate solution was investigated in this study. It was observed that plasma treatment in a N2/O2 plasma had a significant effect on the wettability of the PEEK surface. The contact angle decreased from 85° to 25° after plasma treatment. Cell culture testing with osteoblastic cell lines showed plasma activation not to be disadvantageous to cell viability. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was performed to characterize the chemical composition of the PEEK surfaces. It was observed that the O1s intensity increased with plasma activation time. At the C1s peak the appearance of a shoulder at higher binding energies was observed. Coating of PEEK was performed in a supersaturated calcium phosphate solution. Coating thicknesses of up to 50 μm were achieved after 24 days of immersion. Plasma activation followed by nucleation in a highly saturated hydroxyapatite solution had a positive effect on the growth rate of the layer on PEEK. Chemical analysis revealed that the coating consists of a carbonate-containing calcium phosphate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018535923173
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilization of the cell-adhesive peptide Arg–Gly–Asp–Cys (RGDC) on titanium surfaces by covalent chemical attachment (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1997), S. 867-872 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Surface modification of acid-pretreated titanium with 3-aminopropyltriethoxylsilane (APTES) in dry toluene resulted in covalently bonded siloxane films with surface coverage that was relatively controllable by regulating the reaction conditions. A hetero-bifunctional cross-linker, N-succinimidyl-3-maleimidopropionate (SMP), reacted with the terminal amino groups, forming the exposed maleimide groups. Finally, a model cell-binding peptide, Arg–Gly–Asp–Cys (RGDC), was immobilized on the surface through covalent addition of the cysteine thiol groups to the maleimide groups. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, radiolabelling techniques, and ellipsometry were used to quantify and characterize the modified surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018501804943
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of nanoscale metal structures obtained by template synthesis (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 361 (1998), S. 684-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Generating submicron objects made of nanostructured materials is one of the challenges of nanotechnology. A method for producing micron-sized structures without the use of lithographic techniques has been developed. Electrochemical deposition of metals into nanometer-wide parallel pores of porous anodic oxide films on aluminium is used to produce micro- to nano-wires or -tip arrays. The nanoscale structures and the structuring procedure have been investigated by the examination of lateral and cross-sectional specimens by SEM, EDS and XPS. The investigations show the feasibility of generating films with a variety of different compositions, a high density of tips, and tip diameters in the range of 30–150 nm. Furthermore, impedance spectroscopy was used to characterize the properties of the nanostructured surface. The results show a structure and composition dependent behavior due to the large (electrochemically) active surface area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050992
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Template Synthesis of SiO2 Nanostructures (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 18 (1999), S. 599-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006686515854
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Car body alloys and methods of corrosion protection: Aluminium Sheet (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 26 (1995), S. 318-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Karosseriewerkstoffe und deren Korrosionsschutz: AluminiumblechDie Aluminiumindustrie liefert heute spezielle, auf das Anforderungsprofil der Karosseriebauteile maßgeschneiderte Karosseriebleche. Wichtigste Legierungstypen sind AlMgSi (fließfigurenfrei, für Außenhaut geeignet) und AlMg (für den Innenbereich). Neben den erreichbaren Gewichtseinsparungen ist es vor allem die sehr gute Langzeitbeständigkeit der lackierten Aluminium-Karosserie, welche diesen Leichtbauwerkstoff als Alternative zu Stahl interessant macht. Voraussetzung ist cine „aluminiumgerechte“ Oberflächenbehandlung, insbesondere eine schichtbildende Phosphatierung vor der Lackierung. Dabei kann Aluminium im Verbund mit Stahl und verzinktem Stahl in vorhandenen Anlagen lackiert werden. Von den „statischen“ Beständigkeitstests eignet sich nur die verschärfte Freibewitterung (VDA 621-414) vorbehaltlos für eine Beurteilung des Korrosionsschutzwertes der fertig lackierten Karosserieoberfläche. Wichtig ist, daß neben der „richtigen“ Legierung und Verarbeitung auch konstruktive Maßnahmen zur Erreichung der geforderten Langzeitbeständigkeit des Gesamtsystems berücksichtigt werden.
    Notes: The aluminium industry supplies various car body sheet qualities tailor-made to meet the requirements of the car producers. The most important alloy types are AlMgSi (free from stretcher-strain markings after forming and hence suited for outer skin) and AlMg (for interior use). In addition to the significant weight savings it is its long service life which makes aluminium an attractive alternative to steel sheets. A prerequisite for good corrosion resistance is a surface treatment optimised for aluminium. This includes the creation of a phosphate surface layer to allow lacquer coating together with steel and galvanized steel on existing lines.The Accelerated Outdoor Exposure Test (VDA 621-414) proved to be the only static corrosion test method suitable for assessing the resistance level of the final lacquered car body. In addition to the proper selection of alloy and surface finishing technique it is important that some aluminium-specific precautions are taken during manufacture if the full long service potential of the material is to be realized.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19950260608
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced frictional resistance of polyurethane catheter by means of a surface coating procedure (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 1939-1948 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polyurethane and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP)-coated polyurethane catheter surfaces were characterized by time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and were compared in terms of wettability and adhesion and friction properties by scanning force microscopy (SFM). Using TOF-SIMS, the presence of hard segments in the first layers of the polyurethane catheter were shown, and the presence of a PVP coating on the modified catheters was clearly identified. The PVP coating induced a hydrophilic surface after immersion of the catheters in water for several hours. When SFM experiments were carried out in water, the adhesive force developed between the PVP-coated surface and the tip became immeasurably small. Tribometric measurements along a 500-nm scan line quantified friction coefficients of 0.05 for the coated catheter and 0.50 for the native polyurethane catheter. The PVP coating on catheters provided smooth, soft, and nonadhesive surface properties, which would minimize difficulties during their insertion into the vessels of the patient. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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