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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface activation of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and formation of calcium phosphate coatings by precipitation (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1997), S. 683-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Plasma activation of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) surfaces and the influence on coating formation in a supersaturated calcium phosphate solution was investigated in this study. It was observed that plasma treatment in a N2/O2 plasma had a significant effect on the wettability of the PEEK surface. The contact angle decreased from 85° to 25° after plasma treatment. Cell culture testing with osteoblastic cell lines showed plasma activation not to be disadvantageous to cell viability. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was performed to characterize the chemical composition of the PEEK surfaces. It was observed that the O1s intensity increased with plasma activation time. At the C1s peak the appearance of a shoulder at higher binding energies was observed. Coating of PEEK was performed in a supersaturated calcium phosphate solution. Coating thicknesses of up to 50 μm were achieved after 24 days of immersion. Plasma activation followed by nucleation in a highly saturated hydroxyapatite solution had a positive effect on the growth rate of the layer on PEEK. Chemical analysis revealed that the coating consists of a carbonate-containing calcium phosphate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018535923173
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NaOH treatment of vacuum-plasma-sprayed titanium on carbon fibre-reinforced poly(etheretherketone) (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1997), S. 881-886 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Carbon fibre-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF-PEEK) substrates were coated with titanium by vacuum-plasma-spraying and chemically treated in 10 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. After NaOH treatment, the specimens were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) containing ions in concentrations similar to those of human blood plasma. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and diffuse reflectance Fourier transformed–infrared spectroscopy were used to analyse the NaOH-treated VPS-Ti surface and the calcium phosphate layer formed during immersion in SBF. It was observed that a carbonate-containing calcium phosphate layer was formed on the NaOH-treated VPS-Ti surface during immersion in SBF, whereas no calcium phosphate precipitation occurred on the untreated surfaces. It is therefore concluded that vacuum-plasma-spraying with titanium and subsequent chemical modification in 10 M NaOH solution at 60°C for 2 h is a suitable method for the preparation of bioactive coatings for bone ongrowth on CF-PEEK.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018557922690
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topographical characterization and microstructural interface analysis of vacuum-plasma-sprayed titanium and hydroxyapatite coatings on carbon fibre-reinforced poly(etheretherketone) (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1997), S. 891-896 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract In the present study, topographical characterization and microstructural interface analysis of vacuum-plasma-sprayed titanium and hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on carbon fibre-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK) was performed. VPS-Ti coatings with high roughness values (Ra=28.29±3.07 μm, Rz=145.35±9.88 μm) were obtained. On this titanium, intermediate layer HA coatings of various thicknesses were produced. With increasing coating thickness, roughness values of the HA coatings decreased. A high increase of profile length ratio, Lr, of the VPS-Ti coatings (Lr=1.45) compared to the grit-blasted CF/PEEK substrate (Lr=1.08) was observed. Increasing the HA coating thickness resulted in a reduction of the Lr values similar to the roughness values. Fractal analysis of the obtained roughness profiles revealed that the VPS-Ti coatings showed the highest fractal dimension of D=1.34±0.02. Fractal dimension dropped to a value of 1.23–1.25 for all HA coatings. No physical deterioration of the CF/PEEK substrate was observed, indicating that substrate drying and the used VPS process parameter led to the desired coatings on the composite material. Cross-section analysis revealed a good interlocking between the titanium intermediate layer and the PEEK substrate. It is therefore assumed that this interlocking results in suitable mechanical adhesive strength. From the results obtained in this study it is concluded that VPS is a suitable method for manufacturing HA coatings on carbon fibre-reinforced PEEK implant materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018562023599
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma-sprayed hydroxylapatite coating on carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic composite materials (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1994), S. 481-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Plasma-spraying of metallic impiant surfaces is an established method for the application of hydroxylapatite (HA) coatings. Carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastics show different thermal and mechanical properties, compared with titanium substrates. In this paper first results of the influence of the established coating method on carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastics are presented. First investigations of the tensile adhesion strength, tested with a newly developed testing device, showed that the adhesion between the HA coating and the carbon fibre reinforced polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composite is very low. Macromechanical bending tests showed a change to initial tensile instead of compression failure of the coated composite substrate. Micromechanical bending tests in a scanning electron microseope (SEM) hot tensile stage (Raith GmbH) revealed crack propagation within the ceramic coating and in the coating-substrate interface before the total failure of the composite substrate occurred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00058987
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  • 5
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    Surface analysis of chemically-etched and plasma-treated polyetheretherketone (PEEK) for biomedical applications (1997)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0257-8972
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-3347
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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