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  • 2020-2023  (1)
  • 1995-1999  (476)
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  • 1
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    Sexual transmission and propagation of SIV and HIV in resting and activated CD4+ T cells (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-11-13
    Description: In sexual transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus, and early and later stages of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection, both viruses were found to replicate predominantly in CD4(+) T cells at the portal of entry and in lymphoid tissues. Infection was propagated not only in activated and proliferating T cells but also, surprisingly, in resting T cells. The infected proliferating cells correspond to the short-lived population that produces the bulk of HIV-1. Most of the HIV-1-infected resting T cells persisted after antiretroviral therapy. Latently and chronically infected cells that may be derived from this population pose challenges to eradicating infection and developing an effective vaccine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Z -- Schuler, T -- Zupancic, M -- Wietgrefe, S -- Staskus, K A -- Reimann, K A -- Reinhart, T A -- Rogan, M -- Cavert, W -- Miller, C J -- Veazey, R S -- Notermans, D -- Little, S -- Danner, S A -- Richman, D D -- Havlir, D -- Wong, J -- Jordan, H L -- Schacker, T W -- Racz, P -- Tenner-Racz, K -- Letvin, N L -- Wolinsky, S -- Haase, A T -- AI 28246/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 38565/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RR 00168/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 12;286(5443):1353-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10558989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology/immunology/*virology ; Cell Cycle ; Cervix Uteri/virology ; Epithelial Cells/virology ; Female ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/*transmission/virology ; HIV-1/*physiology ; Lymph Nodes/virology ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Macaca mulatta ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*transmission/virology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/*physiology ; Time Factors ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Improved Weather and Seasonal Climate Forecasts from Multimodel Superensemble (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-08
    Description: A method for improving weather and climate forecast skill has been developed. It is called a superensemble, and it arose from a study of the statistical properties of a low-order spectral model. Multiple regression was used to determine coefficients from multimodel forecasts and observations. The coefficients were then used in the superensemble technique. The superensemble was shown to outperform all model forecasts for multiseasonal, medium-range weather and hurricane forecasts. In addition, the superensemble was shown to have higher skill than forecasts based solely on ensemble averaging.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krishnamurti -- Kishtawal -- LaRow -- Bachiochi -- Zhang -- Williford -- Gadgil -- Surendran -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 3;285(5433):1548-1550.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA. Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10477515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Severe fibronectin-deposit renal glomerular disease in mice lacking uteroglobin (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-05-30
    Description: Despite myriads of biological activities ascribed to uteroglobin (UG), a steroid-inducible secreted protein, its physiological functions are unknown. Mice in which the uteroglobin gene was disrupted had severe renal disease that was associated with massive glomerular deposition of predominantly multimeric fibronectin (Fn). The molecular mechanism that normally prevents Fn deposition appears to involve high-affinity binding of UG with Fn to form Fn-UG heteromers that counteract Fn self-aggregation, which is required for abnormal tissue deposition. Thus, UG is essential for maintaining normal renal function in mice, which raises the possibility that an analogous pathogenic mechanism may underlie genetic Fn-deposit human glomerular disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Z -- Kundu, G C -- Yuan, C J -- Ward, J M -- Lee, E J -- DeMayo, F -- Westphal, H -- Mukherjee, A B -- HL47620/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 May 30;276(5317):1408-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section on Developmental Genetics, Heritable Disorders Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Insitutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-1830, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9162006" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Crosses, Genetic ; Fibronectins/*metabolism ; Gene Targeting ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases/embryology/genetics/pathology ; *Kidney Glomerulus/embryology/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Uteroglobin/deficiency/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Atomistic Processes in the Early Stages of Thin-Film Growth (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-18
    Description: Growth of thin films from atoms deposited from the gas phase is intrinsically a nonequilibrium phenomenon governed by a competition between kinetics and thermodynamics. Precise control of the growth and thus of the properties of deposited films becomes possible only after an understanding of this competition is achieved. Here, the atomic nature of the most important kinetic mechanisms of film growth is explored. These mechanisms include adatom diffusion on terraces, along steps, and around island corners; nucleation and dynamics of the stable nucleus; atom attachment to and detachment from terraces and islands; and interlayer mass transport. Ways to manipulate the growth kinetics in order to select a desired growth mode are briefly addressed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang -- Lagally -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 18;276(5311):377-83.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Z. Y. Zhang is a research staff member in the Solid State Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6032, USA. E-mail: Zhangz@ornl.gov. M. G. Lagally is the E.W. Mueller Professor in the Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. E-mail: Lagally@engr.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9103189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Measurement of the branching ratiosb →e ν X, μ ν X, τ ν X andν X (1996)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0170-9739
    Electronic ISSN: 1431-5858
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionization Energies, Appearance Energies, and Thermochemistry of CF2O and FCO (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 4879-4885 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100014a002
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amorphization induced by ion mixing in Fe–Mo multilayered films: Correlation with the number of metal layers (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 2027-2029 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In the Fe–Mo system, amorphous alloys are thermodynamically unstable and are hard to form in the bulk state. In multilayered films, however, amorphous alloys were produced by room temperature 200 keV xenon ion mixing. It was found, when keeping the total thickness of the multilayered film constant at 40 nm, that the composition range favoring amorphization extended from the equiatomic stoichiometry towards the two metal sides with increasing number of metal layers. This alloying behavior is discussed in terms of a simple thermodynamic calculation. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364060
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion beam syntheses and microstructure studies of a new FeSi2 phase (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 3306-3309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Iron-silicide has been formed by ion implantation of iron into silicon (111). In the as-implanted sample, a new type of orthorhombic FeSi2 phase was found. Although the lattice parameters of the new phase are the same as those of the known semiconductor β-FeSi2, its point group and space group were different and determined to be mmm and Pbca, respectively. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363240
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitivity and spatial resolution for electron-spin-resonance detection by magnetic resonance force microscopy (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 6931-6938 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The signal intensity of electron spin resonance in magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM) experiments employing periodic saturation of the electron spin magnetization is determined by four parameters: the rf field H1, the modulation level of the bias field Hm, the spin relaxation time τ1, and the magnetic size R(∂H/∂z) of the sample. Calculations of the MRFM spectra obtained from a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl particle have been performed for various conditions. The results are compared with experimental data and excellent agreement is found. The systematic variation of the signal intensity as a function of H1 and Hm provides a powerful tool to characterize the MRFM apparatus. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363767
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alloying behavior induced by ion mixing in a system with positive heat of formation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 149-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Amorphous alloys were formed by room-temperature 200 keV xenon ion mixing of multilayered films in the Zr-Nb system that has a positive heat of formation (+6 kJ mol−1) and the ion-induced amorphization was found to be discontinuous in the composition range. Thermodynamic calculation was conducted and a free-energy diagram, which concerns free-energy curves of the amorphous phase and the initial state of the multilayered films with excess interfacial energy, was constructed. An interpretation to the observed discontinuity of amorphization range was presented based on the calculated free-energy diagram. In addition, two new metastable crystalline phases both of fcc structure with different lattice parameters were formed in the composition range close to pure zirconium and niobium, respectively. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360645
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