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  • 2020-2024  (4)
  • 1980-1984  (5)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Narrow row cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under saline conditions (1982)
    Springer
    Irrigation science 3 (1982), S. 149-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1319
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), although known to be one of the most salt tolerant crops, shows a significant reduction in plant size and yield when grown on highly saline soils. A field plot study was therefore conducted to determine the feasibility of increasing yield on highly saline soils by increasing population density by decreasing the distance between rows. Three row widths and four salinity levels were imposed on a nonsaline Pachappa fine sandy loam (mixed, thermic, Mollic Haploxerall). Canopy closure, plant height, earliness, and several yield components were measured. A significant yield increase was obtained at all salinity levels by decreasing the distance between rows from 102 to 86 or 71 cm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446003
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of salinity on germination, growth and yield of cowpea (1982)
    Springer
    Irrigation science 3 (1982), S. 169-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1319
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Adequate information on salt tolerance is lacking for cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), a crop grown under both dryland and irrigated conditions. A two-year field plot study was conducted to determine the responses of both the vegetative and dry seed yield of cowpea to a range of soil salinities. Four salinity levels were imposed each year on a Pachappa fine sandy loam (mixed, thermic, Mollic Haploxeralf). Vegetative growth, dry seed yield, and several components of seed yield were measured. Vegetative yield was decreased more by increasing soil salinity than was dry seed yield. Vegetative growth was reduced 9.0% for each unit increase in electrical conductivity of the soil saturation extract beyond a threshold value of 1.6 dS/m. Dry seed yield was reduced 12% for each unit increase beyond 4.9 dS/m. Fewer pods per plant accounted for nearly all of the seed yield reduction associated with increasing salinity levels. Germination was significantly reduced when electrical conductivity in sand cultures exceeded 12.0 dS/m.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446005
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sprinkling-induced foliar injury to pepper plants: Effects of irrigation frequency, duration and water composition (1982)
    Springer
    Irrigation science 3 (1982), S. 101-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1319
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary This study was conducted to determine the conditions and causes of foliar salt absorption and injury from sprinkler irrigation with saline water. Bell pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Yolo Wonder B) grown in covered nutrient solution cultures in the greenhouse were sprinkled daily with NaCl and CaCl2 waters for up to 10 weeks. Unsprinkled plants grown in nonsaline, and in one experiment, saline cultures were compared with plants sprinkled with waters containing different concentrations of NaCl and/or CaCl2. Both the frequency and duration of sprinkling (up to 32 min each day) were tested. The results showed that Ca2+, Na+, and Cl− were readily absorbed through the leaves at rates that were essentially linear functions of salt concentration and duration of sprinkling. Increasing frequency of sprinkling increased salt uptake and injury more than increasing duration. Sprinkling with either NaCl or CaCl2 waters was more toxic to pepper than mixtures of the two salts. Although CaCl2 was more toxic than NaCl, low concentrations of Ca2+ ameliorated the detrimental effects of NaCl waters. Foliar analyses indicated that leaf injury was not correlated with Cl− accumulation. It appeared that it was caused directly by excessive cation accumulation or indirectly by the resultant ionic imbalance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264853
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  • 4
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    Salinity Effects on Seed Yield, Growth, and Germination of Grain Sorghum 1 (1984)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0002-1962
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0645
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 5
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    Alfalfa Management Under Saline Conditions with Zero Leaching 1 (1981)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0002-1962
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0645
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 6
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    Exploring uncertainties in global crop yield projections in a large ensemble of crop models and CMIP5 and CMIP6 climate scenarios (2021)
    In:  Environmental Research Letters
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-11
    Description: Concerns over climate change are motivated in large part because of their impact on human society. Assessing the effect of that uncertainty on specific potential impacts is demanding, since it requires a systematic survey over both climate and impacts models. We provide a comprehensive evaluation of uncertainty in projected crop yields for maize, spring and winter wheat, rice, and soybean, using a suite of 9 crop models and up to 45 CMIP5 and 34 CMIP6 climate projections for three different forcing scenarios. To make this task computationally tractable, we use a new set of statistical crop model emulators. We find that climate and crop models contribute about equally to overall uncertainty. While the ranges of yield uncertainties under CMIP5 and CMIP6 projections are similar, median impact in aggregate total caloric production is typically more negative for the CMIP6 projections (+1 to -19%) than for CMIP5 (+5 to -13%). In the first half of the 21st century and for individual crops is the spread across crop models typically wider than that across climate models, but we find distinct differences between crops: globally, wheat and maize uncertainties are dominated by the crop models, but soybean and rice are more sensitive to the climate projections. Climate models with very similar global mean warming can lead to very different aggregate impacts so that climate model uncertainties remain a significant contributor to agricultural impacts uncertainty. These results show the utility of large-ensemble methods that allow comprehensively evaluating factors affecting crop yields or other impacts under climate change. The crop model ensemble used here is unbalanced and pulls the assumption that all projections are equally plausible into question. Better methods for consistent model testing, also at the level of individual processes, will have to be developed and applied by the crop modeling community.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Intergenerational inequities in exposure to climate extremes (2021)
    In:  Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-11
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Climate Extreme Versus Carbon Extreme: Responses of Terrestrial Carbon Fluxes to Temperature and Precipitation (2020)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-04
    Description: Carbon fluxes at the land‐atmosphere interface are strongly influenced by weather and climate conditions. Yet what is usually known as “climate extremes” does not always translate into very high or low carbon fluxes or so‐called “carbon extremes.” To reveal the patterns of how climate extremes influence terrestrial carbon fluxes, we analyzed the interannual variations in ecosystem carbon fluxes simulated by the Terrestrial Biosphere Models (TBMs) in the Inter‐Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project. At the global level, TBMs simulated reduced ecosystem net primary productivity (NPP; 18.5 ± 9.3 g C m−2 yr−1), but enhanced heterotrophic respiration (Rh; 7 ± 4.6 g C m−2 yr−1) during extremely hot events. TBMs also simulated reduced NPP (60.9 ± 24.4 g C m−2 yr−1) and reduced Rh (16.5 ± 11.4 g C m−2 yr−1) during extreme dry events. Influences of precipitation extremes on terrestrial carbon uptake were larger in the arid/semiarid zones than other regions. During hot extremes, ecosystems in the low latitudes experienced a larger reduction in carbon uptake. However, a large fraction of carbon extremes did not occur in concert with either temperature or precipitation extremes. Rather these carbon extremes are likely to be caused by the interactive effects of the concurrent temperature and precipitation anomalies. The interactive effects showed considerable spatial variations with the largest effects on NPP in South America and Africa. Additionally, TBMs simulated a stronger sensitivity of ecosystem productivity to precipitation than satellite estimates. This study provides new insights into the complex ecosystem responses to climate extremes, especially the emergent properties of carbon dynamics resulting from compound climate extremes.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 9
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    Pronounced and unavoidable impacts of low-end global warming on northern high-latitude land ecosystems (2020)
    In:  Environmental Research Letters
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-04
    Description: Arctic ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to climate change because of Arctic amplification. Here, we assessed the climatic impacts of low-end, 1.5 °C, and 2.0 °C global temperature increases above pre-industrial levels, on the warming of terrestrial ecosystems in northern high latitudes (NHL, above 60 °N including pan-Arctic tundra and boreal forests) under the framework of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project phase 2b protocol. We analyzed the simulated changes of net primary productivity, vegetation biomass, and soil carbon stocks of eight ecosystem models that were forced by the projections of four global climate models and two atmospheric greenhouse gas pathways (RCP2.6 and RCP6.0). Our results showed that considerable impacts on ecosystem carbon budgets, particularly primary productivity and vegetation biomass, are very likely to occur in the NHL areas. The models agreed on increases in primary productivity and biomass accumulation, despite considerable inter-model and inter-scenario differences in the magnitudes of the responses. The inter-model variability highlighted the inadequacies of the present models, which fail to consider important components such as permafrost and wildfire. The simulated impacts were attributable primarily to the rapid temperature increases in the NHL and the greater sensitivity of northern vegetation to warming, which contrasted with the less pronounced responses of soil carbon stocks. The simulated increases of vegetation biomass by 30–60 Pg C in this century have implications for climate policy such as the Paris Agreement. Comparison between the results at two warming levels showed the effectiveness of emission reductions in ameliorating the impacts and revealed unavoidable impacts for which adaptation options are urgently needed in the NHL ecosystems.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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