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  • 1
    Call number: M 96.0550 ; AWI G6-96-0128
    Description / Table of Contents: A lake, as a body of water, is in continuous interaction with the rocks and soils in its drainage basin, the atmosphere, and surface and groundwaters. Human industrial and agricultural activities introduce new inputs and processes into lake systems. This volume is a selection of ten contributions dealing with diverse aspects of lake systems, including such subjects as the geological controls of lake basins and their histories, mixing and circulation patterns in lakes, gaseous exchange between the water and atmosphere, and human input to lakes through atmospheric precipitation and surficial runoff. This work was written with a dual goal in mind: to serve as a textbook and to provide professionals with in-depth expositions and discussions of the more important aspects of lake systems.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVI, 334 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: 2. ed.
    ISBN: 3540578919
    Classification:
    Sedimentology
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: 1 Global Distribution of Lakes / M. MEYBECK. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Background Material and Approaches to Global Lake Census. - 2.1 Data Used. - 2.2 Approaches to Global Lake Census. - 3 General Laws of Lake Distribution. - 3.1 Lake Density . - 3.2 Limnic Ratio. - 4 Distribution of Lakes of Tectonic Origin. - 5 Lakes of Glacial Origin. - 5.1 Lake Densities. - 5.2 Global Deglaciated Area. - 5.3 Total Number of Glacial Lakes. - 6 Fluvial Lakes. - 7 Global Distribution of Crater Lakes. - 8 Global Distribution of Saline Lakes. - 8.1 Coastal Lagoons. - 8.2 Salinized Lakes due to Evaporation. - 9 Global Lake Distribution. - 9.1 Extrapolation Approach. - 9.2 Lake Type Approach. - 9.3 Climatic Typology Approach. - 9.4 Lake Distribution in Endorheic Areas. - 9.5 Global Dissolved Salt Distribution in Lakes. - 10 Major Changes in Global Lake Distribution in the Geological Past. - 10.1 Lake Ages. - 10.2 Historical Changes. - 10.3 Postglacial Changes. - 11 Discussion and Conclusions. - References. - 2 Hydrological Processes and the Water Budget of Lakes / T. C. WINTER. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Hydrological System with Regard to Lakes. - 2.1 Interaction of Lakes with Atmospheric Water. - 2.2 Interaction of Lakes with Surface Water. - 2.3 Interaction of Lakes with Subsurface Water. - 2.4 Change in Lake Volume. - 3 Summary. - References. - 3 Hydrological and Thermal Response of Lakes to Climate: Description and Modeling / S. W. HOSTETLER. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Hydrological Response. - 3 The Hydrological Budget. - 4 Hydrological Models. - 5 Thermal Response. - 5.1 Energy Budget and Energy Budget Models. - 5.2 Models and Modeling. - 6 Use of Models to Link Lakes with Climate Change. - 7 Input Data Sets. - 8 Sample Applications. - 9 Summary. - References. - 4 Mixing Mechanisms in Lakes / D. M. IMBODEN and A. WÜEST. - 1 Transport and Mixing. - 2 Lakes as Physical Systems. - 3 Fluid Dynamics: Mathematical Description of Advection and Diffusion. - 3.1 Equations of Fluid Motion. - 3.2 Turbulence, Reynolds' Stress, and Eddy Diffusion. - 3.3 Vertical Momentum Equation. - 3.4 Nonlocal Diffusion and Transilient Mixing. - 4 Density and Stability of Water Column. - 4.1 Equation of State of Water. - 4.2 Potential Temperature and Local Vertical Stability. - 5 Energy Fluxes: Driving Forces Behind Transport and Mixing. - 5.1 Thermal Energy. - 5.2 Potential Energy. - 5.3 Kinetic Energy. - 5.4 Turbulent Kinetic Energy Balance in Stratified Water. - 5.5 Internal Turbulent Energy Fluxes: Turbulence Cascade. - 6 Mixing Processes in Lakes. - 6.1 Waves and Mixing. - 6.2 Mixing in the Surface Layer. - 6.3 Diapycnal Mixing. - 6.4 Boundary Mixing. - 6.5 Double Diffusion. - 6.6 Isopycnal Mixing. - 7 Mixing and Its Ecological Relevance. - 7.1 Time Scales of Mixing. - 7.2 Reactive Species and Patchiness. - 7.3 Mixing and Growth: The Search for an Ecological Steering Factor. - References. - 5 Stable Isotopes of Fresh and Saline Lakes / J. R. GAT. - 1 Introduction. - 1.1 Isotope Separatio During Evaporation. - 2 Small-Area Lakes. - 2.1 Seasonal and Annual Changes. - 2.2 Deep Freshwater Lakes. - 2.3 Transient Surface-Water Bodies. - 3 Interactive and Feedback Systems. - 3.1 Network of Surface-Water Bodies. - 3.2 Recycling of Reevaporated Moisture into the Atmosphere. - 3.3 Large Lakes. - 3.4 Large-Area Lakes with Restricted Circulation. - 4 Saline Lakes. - 4.1 Isotope Hydrology of Large Salt Lakes. - 4.2 Ephemeral Salt Lakes and Sabkhas. - 5 Isotopie Paleolimnology. - 6 Conclusions: From Lakes to Oceans. - References. - 6 Exchange of Chemicals Between the Atmosphere and Lakes / P. VLAHOS, D. MACKAY, S. J. EISENREICH, and KC. HORNBUCKLE. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Air-Water Partitioning Equilibria. - 3 Diffusion Between Water and Air. - 4 Volatilization and Absorption: Double-Resistance Approach. - 5 Factors Affecting Mass-Transfer Coefficients. - 6 Partitioning of Chemical to Paniculate Matter in Air and Water. - 6.1 Air. - 6.2 Water. - 7 Atmospheric Deposition Processes. - 7.1 Dry Deposition. - 7.2 Wet Deposition. - 8 Specimen Calculation. - 8.1 Step 1: Physicochemical Properties. - 8.2 Step 2: Mass-Transfer Coefficients. - 8.3 Step 3: Sorption in Air and Water. - 8.4 Step 4: Equilibrium Status. - 8.5 Step 5: Volatilization and Deposition Rates. - 9 Role of Air-Water Exchange in Lake Mass Balances. - 10 Case Studies. - 10.1 Mass Balance on Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale. - 10.2 Mass Balance on Lake Superior. - 10.3 Air-Water Exchange in Green Bay, Lake Michigan. - 10.4 Air-Water Exchange in Lake Superior. - 11 Conclusions. - References. - 7 Atmospheric Depositions: Impact of Acids on Lakes / W. STUMM and J. SCHNOOR. - Abstract. - 1 Introduction: Anthropogenic Generation of Acidity. - 1.1 Genesis of Acid Precipitation. - 2 Acidity and Alkalinity: Neutralizing Capacities. - 2.1 Transfer of Acidity (or Alkalinity) from Pollution Through the Atmosphere to Ecosystems. - 3 Acidification of Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems. - 3.1 Disturbance of H+ Balance from Temporal or Spatial Decoupling of the Production and Mineralization of the Biomass. - 3.2 In Situ H+ Ion Neutralization in Lakes. - 3.3 Krug and Frink Revisited. - 4 Brønsted Acids and Lewis Acids: Pollution by Heavy Metals, as Influenced by Acidity. - 4.1 Cycling of Metals. - 4.2 Pb in Soils. - 5 Impact of Acidity on Ecology in Watersheds. - 5.1 Soils. - 5.2 Lakes. - 5.3 Nitrogen Saturation of Forests. - 6 Critical Loads. - 6.1 Critical Load Maps. - 6.2 Models for Critical Load Evaluation. - 7 Case Studies. - 7.1 Chemical Weathering of Crystalline Rocks in the Catchment Area of Acidic Ticino Lakes, Switzerland. - 7.2 Watershed Manipulation Project at Bear Brooks, Maine. - 8 Summary. - References. - 8 Redox-Driven Cycling of Trace Elements in Lakes / J. HAMILTON-TAYLOR and W. DAVISON. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Major Biogeochemical Cycles and Pathways. - 3 Iron and Manganese. - 3.1 Transformations and Cycling. - 3.2 Iron and Manganese Compounds as Carrier Phases. - 4 Sediment-Water Interface. - 4.1 Diffusive Flux from Sediments. - 4.2 Evidence of Little or No Diffusive Efflux from Sediments. - 4.3 Transient Remobilization. - 4.4 Diffusive Flux into Sediments. - 5 Pathways Involving Redox Reactions Directly: Case Studies. - 5.1 Arsenic. - 5.2 Chromium. - 5.3 239,240Pu. - 5.4 Selenium 6 Pathways Involving Redox Reactions Indirectly: Case Studies. - 6.1 137Cs. - 6.2 Stable Pb, 210Pb, and 210Po. - 6.3 Zinc. - 7 Summary and Conclusions. - References. - 9 Comparative Geochemistry of Marine Saline Lakes / F. T. MACKENZIE, S. VINK, R. WOLLAST, and L. CHOU. - 1 Introduction. - 2 General Characteristics of Marine Saline Lakes. - 3 Comparative Sediment-Pore-Water Reactions. - 3.1 Mangrove Lake, Bermuda. - 3.2 Solar Lake, Sinai. - 4 Conclusions. - References. - 10 Organic Matter Accumulation Records in Lake Sediments / P. A. MEYERS and R. ISHIWATARI. - 1 Introduction. - 1.1 Significance of Organic Matter in Lake Sediments. - 1.2 Origins of Organic Matter to Lake Sediments. - 1.3 Alterations of Organic Matter During Deposition. - 1.4 Similarities and Differences Between Organic Matter in Sediments of Lakes and Oceans. - 1.5 Dating of Lake-Sediment Records. - 2 Indicators of Sources and Alterations of Total Organic Matter in Lake Sediments. - 2.1 Source Information Preserved in C/N Ratios of Sedimentary Organic Matter. - 2.2 Source Information from Carbon-Stable Isotopic Compositions. - 2.3 Source Information from Nitrogen-Stable Isotopic Compositions. - 3 Origin and Alterations of Humic Substances. - 4 Sources and Alterations of Lipid Biomarkers. - 4.1 Alteration of Lipids During Deposition. - 4.2 Changes in Sources vs Selective Diagenesis. - 4.3 Effects of Sediment Grain Size on Geolipid Compositions. - 4.4 Source Records of Alkanes in Lake Sediments. - 4.5 Preserv
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  • 2
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-291
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Study lake. - Previous work at Post Pond. - Methods and procedures. - Results and discussion. - Summer stratification. - Autumnal mixing and thermocline disappearance. - Winter period of ice cover. - Spring circulation. - Summary and conclusions. - Literature cited. - Appendix A: Ice sample analysis. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: The temperature structure of Post Pond, a small (46.6 hectares), mid-latitude, dimictic lake in west-central New Hampshire, was studied during autumn,winter and spring of 1968-1969. The lake was instrumented over its maximum depth (11.7 m) with a string of 24 thermocouples which recorded hourly temperatures. Temperatures in 9 m of sediments underlying the lake were measured with a thermistor probe. Secondary and tertiary thermocline development in the epilimnion occurred during short warming periods in the early autumn. The autumn overturn lasted 25 days, whereas the spring overturn lasted only 4 days. The entire lake mixed isothermally in the autumn to 3.2°C. During the period of ice cover, the lower 5 m of water gained approximately 51.5 cal/cm^2, which was supplied by stored heat in the bottom sediments. A steady-state thermal gradient of 0.07°C/m was found for the deeper sediments underlying the lake during ice cover. Late winter cooling of bottom water under the ice cover may be the result of snowmelt in areas adjacent to the lake causing activation of groundwater influx. Melting of the clear ice portion of the ice cover was primarily the result of heat supplied to the lake from snowmelt water, and occurred on the underside of the ice sheet. Thermal instability of the water mass persisted for 9 days during peak snowmelt runoff; this can be partially explained by an increase in dissolved solids with depth.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 23 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 291
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Call number: ZSP-201-79/1
    In: CRREL Report, 79-1
    Description / Table of Contents: Experiments were conducted to study the flow of water through columns of homogeneous, repacked snow. The gravity flow theory of water flow through snow was verified, although possibly there is some dependence of the relative permeability on the state of metamorphism of the snow. Also, at very large values of saturation there may be some additional flow in saturated channels.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-1
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Symbols Introduction Test procedure Theory Evaluation of the experimental results Example evaluation Results and discussion Literature cited Appendix A. Measured and computed discharge
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  • 4
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-79/8
    In: CRREL Report, 79-8
    Description / Table of Contents: Sea ice ridging statistics obtained from a series of laser surface roughnessprofiles are examined. Each set of profiles consists of six 200-km-long flight tracks oriented approximately perpendicular to the coastline of the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. The landward ends of the profiles were located at Point Lay, Wainwright, Barrow, Lonely, Cross Island and Barter Island. The flights were made in February, April, August, and December 1976, and one additional profile was obtained north of Cross Island during March 1978. It was found that although there is a systematic variation in mean ridge height (h) with season (with the highest values occurring in late winter), there is no systematic spatial variation in h at a given time. The number of ridges/km (micron) is also high during the late winter, with the highest values occurring in the Barter and Cross Island profiles . In most profiles, the ice 20 to 60 km from the coast is more highly deformed (higher micron values) than the ice either nearer the coast or farther seaward. The Wadhams model for the distribution of ridge heights gives better agreement with observed values in the higher ridge categories than does the Hibler model. Estimates of the spatial recurrence frequency of large pressure ridges are made by using the Wadhams model and also by using an extreme value approach. In the latter, the distribution of the lagest ridges per 20 km of laser track was found to be essentially normal
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 28 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-8
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Data collection and processing Analysis General Variations in ridging Ridge height distributions Occurrence of high ridges The tail of the distribution Extreme values Applications to offshore design Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Tabulated ice ridge data
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  • 5
    Call number: MOP Per 581 ; MOP Per 581(1/8) ; ZSP-319/A-1(Sonderheft) ; ZSP-319/A-1(Sonderheft, 2. Ex.)
    In: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 1, Heft 8, Sonderheft 1
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 107 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: Sonderheft des NKSCAR der DDR
    Series Statement: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 1 8
    Language: German , English
    Note: Inhalt: I. Zoologische Untersuchungen im Gebiet der sowjetischen Antarktisstation "Bellinghausen" / R. BANNASCH und K. ODENING. - II. Deuterium- und 18O-Variationen in Seen der Schirmacher-Oase (Ostantarktika) / W. RICHTER und G. STRAUCH. - III. Stable isotope investigations in Antarctica / H. SCHÜTZE, G. STRAUCH, K. WETZEL. - IV. The influence of degradation processes on the isotopic composition of Antarctic precipitation / R. DER. - V. Sommerliche Eisvariationen in der Olaf-Prydz-Bucht / H. GERNANDT. - VI. Zur Geologie des nördlichen Teils des Neptune Range / Pensacola-Gebirges (Antarktika) / W. WEBER und L. V. FEDOROV. - VII. Beobachtungen am Krill (Euphausia superba DANA) im atlantischen Sektor der Antarktis in der Sommersaison 1978 und 1979 / S. HOLZLÖHNER. - VIII. Forschungsreise eines Zubringertrawlers in die Antarktis / G. GUBSCH und U. HOFFMANN.
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
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  • 6
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Oxford [England] ; New York : Pergamon Press
    Call number: AWI P6-92-0468
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 381 S. : Abb., Fot.SW, Ktn ; 25 cm
    ISBN: 0080288812
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  • 7
    Call number: AWI P1-85-0999 ; AWI P1-85-0999(2. Ex.)
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 56 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: first published
    ISBN: 0948277009
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: SUMMARY. - 1. INTRODUCTION. - 1.1 Geographic setting and ecosystems of the Antarctic. - 1.2 Man's activities in the Antarctic. - 2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT. - 2.1 Environmental impact philosophy and terms. - 2.2 Definitions. - 2.3 Criteria for identifying significant impact. - 2.4 Temporal and spatial considerations of environmental impact. - 2.5 Consequential, synergistic and combined effects. - 2.6 Identification of sensitive indicators of change. - 3. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE. - 3.1 Suggested format. - 3.2 When is an Environmental Impact Assessment necessary?. - 3.3 Environmental impact assessments of current operations and stations. - 3.4 Monitoring. - 4. SURVEY OF THE IMP ACTS OF MAN'S ACTIVITIES IN THE ANTARCTIC. - 4.1 Terrestrial impacts (including inland waters). - 4.2 Marine impacts. - 4.3 Atmospheric impacts. - 4.4 Distribution of impacts. - 5. THE FUTURE. - APPENDIX A. Relevant excerpts from Recommendation XII -3 (Man's Impact on the Antarctic Environment) of the Twelfth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, Canberra, 1983 and Paragraphs 17-19 of its Report. - APPENDIX B. ACRONYMS. - BIBLIOGRAPHY.
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  • 8
    Call number: AWI G7-98-0169
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: III, 142 S. , Ill., graph. Darst.
    ISSN: 1040-6182
    Series Statement: Quaternary International 45/46
    Note: Contents: Preface / W. Karlén, J. Lundqvist and N. Rutter. - Late-Weichselian ice sheets in Arctic and Pacific Siberia / M. G. Grosswald. - The last ice sheet of the Kara Sea: terrestrial constraints on its age / A. Astakhov. - Stratigraphy and paleogeography of the Sartan Glaciation in West Siberia / S. A. Arkhipov. - The relationship of massive ground ice and the late Pleistocene history of northwest Siberia / F. A. Michel. - Scanning electron microscopy of pleistocene sands from Yamal and Taz Peninsulas, Ob River Estuary, Northwestern Siberia / W. C. Mahaney. - The quaternary vegetation and landscape evolution of Novaya Zemlya in the light of palynological records / L. Serebryanny and E. Malyasova. - Reconstruction of the 2.4 million km2 late pleistocene ice sheet on the Tibetan Plateau and its impact on the Tibetan Plateau and its impact on the global climate / M. Kuhle. - On the problem of Quaternary glaciations, and the extent and patterns of pleistocene ice cover in the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau / Z. Benzing and N. Rutter. - Extent and spatial distribution of pleistocene glaciations in Eastern Tibet / F. Lehmkuhl. - The sequence of the quaternary glaciation in the Bayan Har Mountains / Z. Shangzhe and L. Jijun.
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  • 9
    Call number: 20/M 95.0354 ; AWI G4-92-0400
    In: Lehrbuch der Hydrogeologie, Band 8
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XX, 400 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 3443010121
    Series Statement: Lehrbuch der Hydrogeologie 8
    Classification:
    Hydrology
    Language: German
    Note: Inhalt 1 Einführung 1.1 Zweck und Rahmen des Lehrbuchs 1.2 Isotope: Physikalische Grundlagen 1.2.1 Stabile Isotope 1.2.1.1 Isotopenfraktionierung in der Hydrosphäre 1.2.1.1.1 Isotopenfraktionierung bei Phasenübergängen mit thermodynamischem Gleichgewicht 1.2.1.1.2 Isotopenfraktionierung bei Phasenübergängen ohne thermodynamisches Gleichgewicht 1.2.1.2 Meßmethodik 1.2.1.2.1 Probenpräparation 1.2.1.2.2 Massenspektrometrische Messung, Auswertung und Standards 1.2.2 Radioaktive Isotope 1.2.2.1 Allgemeines zur Radioaktivität 1.2.2.2 Strahlungsmessung 1.2.2.3 Zur Auswertung von Strahlungsmessungen 1.3 Isotope als Tracer und Strahlungsquellen für hydrologische Untersuchungen 1.3.1 Umweltisotope in der Hydrosphäre 1.3.1.1 Stabile Isotope 1.3.1.1.1 Allgemeines 1.3.1.1.2 Deuterium und Sauerstoff-18 in den Niederschlägen 1.3.1.2 Radioaktive Umweltisotope 1.3.1.2.1 Allgemeines zur Low-Level-Meßtechnik 1.3.1.2.2 Tritium Tritium in den Niederschlägen Messung des Tritiumgehalts in Wasserproben 1.3.1.2.3 Kohlenstoff-14 (M.A.GEYH) Allgemeines zur Altersbestimmung mit der Radiokohlenstoff-Methode (14C-Methode) Altersbestimmung von Grundwasser mit der 14C-Methode Messung des 14C-Gehalts und 13C-Wertes in Grundwasser und Karbonatproben Fehlergrenzen bei 14C-Altern 1.3.1.2.4 Weitere radioaktive Umweltisotope für hydrologische Untersuchungen (M. A. GEYH und H. MOSER) 1.3.2 Isotope als absichtlich zugegebene hydrologische Tracer (H. BEHRENS und H. MOSER) 1.3.3 Verwendung von Radionukliden in umschlossenen Strahlenquellen für hydrologische Untersuchungen 1.3.3.1 Wechselwirkung von Gamma-Strahlung mit Wasser und Boden 1.3.3.2 Wechselwirkung von Neutronen mit Wasser und Boden 1.3.4 Zur Planung und Probenentnahme bei isotopenhydrologischen Untersuchungen 1.3.5 Zum Strahlenschutz bei hydrologischen Untersuchungen mit radioaktiven Substanzen 2 Anwendungen von Isotopen im Oberflächenwasser 2.1 Offene Gerinne (H. BEHRENS) 2.1.1 Grundlagen der Abflußmessungen in offenen Gerinnen 2.1.1.1 Abflußmessung mit kontinuierlicher Tracereinspeisung 2.1.1.2 Abflußmessung mit momentaner Tracereinspeisung 2.1.1.3 Vergleich der Abflußmeßmethoden mit kontinuierlicher und momentaner Tracereinspeisung 2.1.2 Bestimmung von Fließ- bzw. Verweilzeiten in offenen Gerinnen 2.1.3 Praktische Durchführung von Abfluß- und Fließzeitmessungen in offenen Gerinnen mit radioaktiven Tracern 2.1.3.1 Art und Menge der Tracersubstanz 2.1.3.2 Vorrichtungen zur Tracereinspeisung 2.1.3.3 Probenentnahme und Meßanordnungen 2.1.3.4 Kalibrierung der Meßanordnungen 2.1.3.5 Auswertung der Meßergebnisse 2.1.4 Beispiele für Abfluß- und Fließzeitmessungen in offenen Gerinnen 2.1.5 Das Problem der Durchmischung 2.1.5.1 Untersuchung von Durchmischungsvorgängen in offenen Gerinnen mit Tracermethoden 2.1.5.2 Verwendung des Gehalts an stabilen Isotopen zur Untersuchung von Durchmischungsvorgängen 2.1.6 Spezielle Anwendungen von Isotopenmethoden bei Wasserqualitätsuntersuchungen in offenen Gerinnen 2.2 Sedimentbewegungen (H. PAHLKE) 2.2.1 Einführung 2.2.2 Schwebstoffe 2.2.2.1 Bestimmung der Schwebstoffk.onzentration mit Hilfe der Schwächung von Gamma-Strahlen 2.2.2.1.1 Grundlagen des Meßverfahrens 2.2.2.1.2 Meßanordnungen 2.2.2.1.3 Vor- und Nachteile des radiometrischen Verfahrens gegenüber mechanischen Messungen der Schwebstoffkonzentration 2.2.2.1.4 Anwendungsbeispiel 2.2.2.2 Messung der Schwebstoffbewegung mit Hilfe von Tracerverfahren 2.2.2.2.1 Markierung der Schwebstoffe 2.2.2.2.2 Meßverfahren 2.2.2.2.3 Anwendungsbeispiele 2.2.3 Geschiebe 2.2.3.1 Messung der Geschiebebewegung 2.2.3.1.1 Voruntersuchungen 2.2.3.1.2 Markierung des Geschiebes 2.2.3.1.3 Einbringung des markierten Geschiebes als Tracer 2.2.3.1.4 Tracemachweis und Bestimmung der Parameter der Geschiebebewegung 2.2.3.2 Bestimmung der Transportrate des Geschiebes 2.2.3.2.1 Methode der Raumintegration 2.2.3.2.2 Methode der stetigen Verdünnung 2.2.3.2.3 Methode der Zeitintegration 2.2.3.2.4 Dispersionsmodelle 2.2.3.3 Anwendungsbeispiele 2.3 Seen und Stauseen 2.3.1 Durchmischung und Schichtung in Seen 2.3.1.1 Beispiele für Untersuchungen der Durchströmung von Seen mit Hilfe von Umweltisotopen 2.3.1.2 Beispiele für Untersuchungen der Durchströmung von Seen mit Hilfe absichtlich zugegebener radioaktiver Tracer 2.3.2 Verdunstung bei Seen 2.3.2.1 Vorbemerkungen und theoretische Ansätze 2.3.2.2 Anwendungsbeispiele 2.3.3 Dichtigkeit von Stauanalgen 2.3.3.1 Isotopenmethoden zur Lokalisierung von Undichtigkeiten und zur Bestimmung von Leckraten 2.3.3.2 Anwendungsbeispiele 2.4 Schnee und Eis (H. MOSER und W. STICHLER) 2.4.1 Vorbemerkungen 2.4.2 Entstehung von Hagelkörnern 2.4.3 Auf- und Abbau der Schneedecke 2.4.3.1 Wasseräquivalent und Dichteprofil einer Schneedecke 2.4.3.1.1 Grundlagen des Meßverfahrens 2.4.3.1.2 Bestimmung des Gesamtwasseräquivalents einer Schneedecke mit Hilfe von umschlossenen radioaktiven Quellen 2.4.3.1.3 Bestimmung des Gesamtwasseräquivalents einer Schneedecke mit Hilfe der natürlichen Gamma-Strahlung des Bodens 2.4.3.1.4 Messung des Dichteprofils einer Schneedecke mit umschlossenen radioaktiven Quellen 2.4.3.2 Abbild des Isotopengehalts der Niederschläge in der Schneedecke 2.4.3.3 Isotopengehalt und Winddrift 2.4.3.4 Isotopengehalt und Reifbildung 2.4.3.5 Isotopengehaltsänderung bei Verdunstung von der Schneeoberfläche 2.4.3.6 Perkolation von Regen und Schmelzwasser und ihre Wirkung auf das Isotopengehaltsprofil einer temperierten Schneedecke 2.4.3.7 Mechanismus des Abbaus einer Schneedecke 2.4.4 Isotopengehaltsänderungen im Akkumulationsgebiet von Gletschern beim Übergang der Schneedecke in Eis 2.4.4.1 Isotopengehaltsänderung in oberflächennahen Schneeschichten 2.4.4.2 Isotopengehaltsprofil in der porösen Firnzone von Gletschern 2.4.4.3 Isotopengehaltsprofil im kompakten Gletschereis; Theorie der Diffusionsströmung von JOHNSEN 2.4.4.4 Verteilung der Gesamt-Beta-Aktivität in Firn- und Eisprofilen 2.4.4.5 Messung von Akkumulationsraten 2.4.5 Schnee- und Eishydrologie 2.4.5.1 Wasserbilanz einer Schneedecke aus Isotopengehaltsmessungen in Schneelysimetern 2.4.5.2 Bestimmung von Abflußanteilen aus Isotopengehaltsmessungen 2.4.5.2.1 Abflußanteile bei der Schneeschmelze in Einzugsgebieten mit temporärer Schneedecke 2.4.5.2.2 Abflußanteile in vergletscherten Einzugsgebieten während der Ablationsperiode 2.4.5.3 Verweilzeit von Wasser in Einzugsgebieten mit temporärer Schneedecke oder Gletschern 2.4.6 Historische Glaziologie 2.4.6.1 Datierung von Firn und Eis in Gletschern mit Hilfe von Isotopengehaltsmessungen 2.4.6.2 Paläoklimatische Aussagen aus Sauerstoff-18-Messungen an Eiskernen 3 Anwendungen von Isotopenmethoden im Grundwasser 3.1 Einführung 3.2 Ungesättigte Zone des Grundwasserleiters 3.2.1 Methodik der Messung und Auswertung der Tracer-Verteilung im Wasser der ungesättigten Zone 3.2.1.1 Tracer-Input in die ungesättigte Zone 3.2.1.2 Nachweis der Tracer im Vertikalprofil der ungesättigten Zone 3.2.1.3 Zur Ausbreitung des markierten Wassers in der ungesättigten Zone 3.2.1.4 Bestimmung der Grundwasserneubildungsrate 3.2.2 Anwendungsbeispiele 3.2.2.1 Untersuchungen mit Hilfe des Gehalts am Umweltisotopen (meist Tritium) 3.2.2.2 Untersuchungen mit Hilfe von absichtlich zugegebenen Tracern (meist Tritium) 3.3 Gesättigte Zone des Grundwasserleiters 3.3.1 Interpretation von Messungen des Gehalts an Umweltisotopen 3.3.1.1 Interpretation von Messungen des Deuterium- und Sauerstoff-18-Gehalts im Grundwasser 3.3.1.1.1 Zeitliche Differenzierung von Grundwässern 3.3.1.1.2 Lokalisierung von Grundwassereinzugsgebieten 3.3.1.1.3 Typisierung von Grundwässern und Grundwasserleitern Typisierung von Thermal- und Mineralwässern Unterscheidung von verschiedenen Grundwasserströmen in einem Grundwasserleiter Anteil von uferfiltriertem Flußwasser im Grundwasser Hydraulische Verbindung von Grundwasserleitern Identifizierung von Salzwässern Typisierung von Grundwasserleitern 3.3.1.2 Interpretation von Messungen des Tritium und Kohlenstoff-14-Gehalts im Grundwasser (M.A.GEYH) 3.3.
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  • 10
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Berlin : Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 6850 ; AWI S2-17-55148
    In: Hochschulbücher für Mathematik ; 20
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 463 S.
    Edition: 2., ber. Aufl.
    Series Statement: Hochschulbücher für Mathematik 20
    Uniform Title: Kurs differencial'nych uravnenij 〈dt.〉
    Language: German
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