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  • 1
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    Drilling predation on neritid egg capsules by the muricid snail Reishia clavigera (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-04
    Description: The egg capsules of neritid snails (Gastropoda: Neritimorpha) are made of a tough inner organic layer and an outer calcareous layer for further reinforcement. Such hard capsules are less susceptible to mechanical damage compared with soft or thin capsules of other gastropods, and there have been only a few reports of predation on neritid eggs. Here, we describe drilling predation on the reinforced egg capsule of Nerita japonica by Reishia clavigera (Caenogastropoda: Muricidae) on a high intertidal rocky shore in central Japan. The muricid makes a small, elliptical drill hole in the capsule lid by the use of both an accessory boring organ (ABO) and a radula, as it does in mollusc and barnacle shells. The etching around the hole by the acid secretion from the ABO, which can be observed under a dissecting microscope and by scanning electron microscopy, should provide an effective way to identify muricid predation on neritid eggs, probably not only by R. clavigera but also by other species in the warm temperate to tropical regions all over the world. Reishia clavigera made drill holes in c. 14% of the capsules, making it possibly the main cause of mortality for neritid eggs at the study site. However, this mortality rate is lower than those previously reported for caenogastropod eggs with softer capsules. All penetrated capsules of N. japonica were white (rather than brownish) and newly laid, suggesting that their acid-resistant organic layer had yet to harden at the time of radular rasping. The thick organic layer and calcareous coating are an effective armour, not only against the usual type of grazing but also against more sophisticated predation involving the chemical and mechanical boring of Muricidae.
    Print ISSN: 0260-1230
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3766
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Regulation of insulin secretion by l-cysteine [Cell Biology] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-11
    Description: Increase in the concentration of plasma l-cysteine is closely associated with defective insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, which results in type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, we investigated the effects of prolonged l-cysteine treatment on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from mouse insulinoma 6 (MIN6) cells and from mouse pancreatic...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Low coseismic friction on the Tohoku-Oki fault determined from temperature measurements (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-07
    Description: The frictional resistance on a fault during slip controls earthquake dynamics. Friction dissipates heat during an earthquake; therefore, the fault temperature after an earthquake provides insight into the level of friction. The Japan Trench Fast Drilling Project (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 343 and 343T) installed a borehole temperature observatory 16 months after the March 2011 moment magnitude 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake across the fault where slip was ~50 meters near the trench. After 9 months of operation, the complete sensor string was recovered. A 0.31 degrees C temperature anomaly at the plate boundary fault corresponds to 27 megajoules per square meter of dissipated energy during the earthquake. The resulting apparent friction coefficient of 0.08 is considerably smaller than static values for most rocks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fulton, P M -- Brodsky, E E -- Kano, Y -- Mori, J -- Chester, F -- Ishikawa, T -- Harris, R N -- Lin, W -- Eguchi, N -- Toczko, S -- Expedition 343, 343T, and KR13-08 Scientists -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 6;342(6163):1214-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1243641.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311684" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Continuous permeability measurements record healing inside the Wenchuan earthquake fault zone (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-03
    Description: Permeability controls fluid flow in fault zones and is a proxy for rock damage after an earthquake. We used the tidal response of water level in a deep borehole to track permeability for 18 months in the damage zone of the causative fault of the 2008 moment magnitude 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. The unusually high measured hydraulic diffusivity of 2.4 x 10(-2) square meters per second implies a major role for water circulation in the fault zone. For most of the observation period, the permeability decreased rapidly as the fault healed. The trend was interrupted by abrupt permeability increases attributable to shaking from remote earthquakes. These direct measurements of the fault zone reveal a process of punctuated recovery as healing and damage interact in the aftermath of a major earthquake.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xue, Lian -- Li, Hai-Bing -- Brodsky, Emily E -- Xu, Zhi-Qing -- Kano, Yasuyuki -- Wang, Huan -- Mori, James J -- Si, Jia-Liang -- Pei, Jun-Ling -- Zhang, Wei -- Yang, Guang -- Sun, Zhi-Ming -- Huang, Yao -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 28;340(6140):1555-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1237237.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. lxue3@ucsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23812711" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; *Disasters ; *Earthquakes ; *Groundwater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Micellar nanomedicine inhibits spontaneous tumors [Biophysics and Computational Biology] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-10
    Description: Nanoscaled drug-loaded carriers are of particular interest for efficient tumor therapy as numerous studies have shown improved targeting and efficacy. Nevertheless, most of these studies have been performed against allograft and xenograft tumor models, which have altered microenvironment features affecting the accumulation and penetration of nanocarriers. Conversely, the evaluation of...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    In situ stress and pore pressure in the Kumano Forearc Basin, offshore SW Honshu from downhole measurements during riser drilling (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-30
    Description: [1]  In situ stress and pore pressure are key parameters governing rock deformation, yet direct measurements of these quantities are rare. During Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition #319, we drilled through a forearc basin at the Nankai subduction zone and into the underlying accretionary prism. We used the Modular Formation Dynamics Tester tool (MDT) for the first time in IODP to measure in situ minimum stress, pore pressure, and permeability at 11 depths between 729.9 and 1533.9 mbsf. Leak-off testing at 708.6 mbsf conducted as part of drilling operations provided a second measurement of minimum stress. The MDT campaign included nine single-probe (SP) tests to measure permeability and in situ pore pressure and two dual-packer (DP) tests to measure minimum principal stress. Permeabilities defined from the SP tests range from 6.53 × 10 −17 to 4.23 × 10 −14  m 2 . Pore fluid pressures are near hydrostatic throughout the section despite rapid sedimentation. This is consistent with the measured hydraulic diffusivity of the sediments and suggests that the forearc basin should not trap overpressures within the upper plate of the subduction zone. Minimum principal stresses are consistently lower than the vertical stress. We estimate the maximum horizontal stress from wellbore failures at the leak-off test and shallow MDT DP test depths. The results indicate a normal or strike-slip stress regime, consistent with the observation of abundant active normal faults in the seaward-most part of the basin, and a general decrease in fault activity in the vicinity of Site C0009.
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-2027
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    In Situ Stress and Pore Pressure in the Kumano Forearc Basin, offshore SW Honshu from Down-hole Measurements During Riser Drilling (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-05
    Description: [1]  In situ stress and pore pressure are key parameters governing rock strength, yet direct measurements of these quantities are rare. During Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition #319, we drilled through a forearc basin at the Nankai subduction zone, and into the underlying accretionary prism. We used the Modular Formation Dynamics Tester tool (MDT) for the first time in IODP, to measure in situ minimum stress, pore pressure, and permeability at 11 depths between 729.9-1533.9 mbsf. Leak-off testing at 708.6 mbsf conducted as part of drilling operations provided a second measurement of minimum stress. The MDT campaign included 9 single probe (SP) tests to measure permeability and in situ pore pressure, and 2 dual packer (DP) tests to measure minimum principal stress. Permeabilities defined from the SP tests range from 6.53 x 10 -17 - 4.23 x 10 -14  m 2 . Pore fluid pressures are near hydrostatic throughout the section, despite rapid sedimentation. This is consistent with the measured hydraulic diffusivity of the sediments, and suggests that the forearc basin should not trap overpressures within the upper plate of the subduction zone. Minimum principal stresses are consistently lower than the vertical stress. We estimate the maximum horizontal stress from wellbore failures at the leakoff test and shallow MDT DP test depths. The results indicate a normal or strike-slip stress regime, consistent with the observation of abundant active normal faults in the seaward-most part of the basin, and a general decrease in the fault activity in the vicinity of Site C0009.
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-2027
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    Near-infrared deep brain stimulation via upconversion nanoparticle-mediated optogenetics (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-10
    Description: Optogenetics has revolutionized the experimental interrogation of neural circuits and holds promise for the treatment of neurological disorders. It is limited, however, because visible light cannot penetrate deep inside brain tissue. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) absorb tissue-penetrating near-infrared (NIR) light and emit wavelength-specific visible light. Here, we demonstrate that molecularly tailored UCNPs can serve as optogenetic actuators of transcranial NIR light to stimulate deep brain neurons. Transcranial NIR UCNP-mediated optogenetics evoked dopamine release from genetically tagged neurons in the ventral tegmental area, induced brain oscillations through activation of inhibitory neurons in the medial septum, silenced seizure by inhibition of hippocampal excitatory cells, and triggered memory recall. UCNP technology will enable less-invasive optical neuronal activity manipulation with the potential for remote therapy.
    Keywords: Materials Science, Neuroscience
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors involved in differential giemsa-staining of sister chromatids (1978)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 66 (1978), S. 351-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Microspectrophotometric evaluation of differentially stained sister chromatids made it possible to analyse precisely the factors involved in the Giemsa methods. The concentration of Hoechst 33258, pH of the mounting medium, temperature during UV-exposure and the quality (wavelength) of UV-light influenced the differential staining. Exposure of blacklight of 10−5 M Hoechst 33528-stained BrdU-labeled chromosome specimens mounted in McIlvaine buffer (pH 8.0) at 50° C reproducibly allowed differential staining of sister chromatids within 15 min. On the other hand, Korenberg-Freedlender's method using no Hoechst 33258 was also UV-light-dependent. Thus, photolysis of BrdU-substituted DNA was considered the basic mechanism of the Giemsa methods where the photosensitive Hoechst 33258 played a role as a sensitizer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00328535
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three tandemly repeated structural genes encoding tRNA"f"1^M^e^t in the metZ operon of Escherichia coli K-12
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Gene 138 (1994), S. 261-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-1119
    Keywords: RecAependent recombination ; Recombinant DNA ; formylmethionyl-tRNA ; met F genes ; multicopy plasmid ; spacer region
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0378-1119(94)90821-4
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