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  • 1
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    Continuous permeability measurements record healing inside the Wenchuan earthquake fault zone (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-03
    Description: Permeability controls fluid flow in fault zones and is a proxy for rock damage after an earthquake. We used the tidal response of water level in a deep borehole to track permeability for 18 months in the damage zone of the causative fault of the 2008 moment magnitude 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. The unusually high measured hydraulic diffusivity of 2.4 x 10(-2) square meters per second implies a major role for water circulation in the fault zone. For most of the observation period, the permeability decreased rapidly as the fault healed. The trend was interrupted by abrupt permeability increases attributable to shaking from remote earthquakes. These direct measurements of the fault zone reveal a process of punctuated recovery as healing and damage interact in the aftermath of a major earthquake.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xue, Lian -- Li, Hai-Bing -- Brodsky, Emily E -- Xu, Zhi-Qing -- Kano, Yasuyuki -- Wang, Huan -- Mori, James J -- Si, Jia-Liang -- Pei, Jun-Ling -- Zhang, Wei -- Yang, Guang -- Sun, Zhi-Ming -- Huang, Yao -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 28;340(6140):1555-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1237237.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. lxue3@ucsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23812711" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; *Disasters ; *Earthquakes ; *Groundwater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Genome-wide identification of genes involved in raffinose metabolism in Maize (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-02
    Description: The raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), such as raffinose and stachyose, are synthesized by a set of distinct galactosyltransferases, which sequentially add galactose units to sucrose. The accumulation of RFOs in plant cells are closely associated with the responses to environmental factors, such as cold, heat and drought stresses. Systematic analysis of genes involved in the raffinose metabolism has not been reported to date. Searching the recently available working draft of the maize genome, six kinds of enzyme genes were speculated, which should encode all the enzymes involved in the raffinose metabolism in maize. Expression patterns of some related putative genes were analyzed. The conserved domains and phylogenetic relationships among the deduced maize proteins and their homologs isolated from other plant species were revealed. It was discovered that some of the key enzymes, such as galactinol synthase (ZmGolS5, ZmGolS45 and ZmGolS37), raffinose synthase (ZmRS1, ZmRS2, ZmRS3 and ZmRS10), stachyose synthase (ZmRS8) and β-fructofuranosidase, are encoded by multiple gene members with different expression patterns. These results reveal the complexity of the raffinose metabolism and the existence of metabolic channels for diverse RFOs in maize and provide useful information for improving maize stress tolerance through genetic engineering.
    Print ISSN: 0959-6658
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2423
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid-crystal alignment of rubbed polyimide films: A microscopic investigation (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 613-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 61.30 ; 61.16 ; 68.35
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Rubbed polyimide films were investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). On a large scale, microgrooves due to rubbing treatment were observed, whilst on a small scale, polyimide chain molecules were found to be non-uniformly oriented. Liquid-crystal mono-layers were adopted in this study as visualizing media for AFM observation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081700
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low cycle fatigue and creep behavior of recrystallized Molybdenum near room termperature (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 26 (1995), S. 483-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Plastoermüdungs- und Kriechverhalten von rekristallisiertem Molybdän im RaumtemperaturbereichDas Verformungsverhalten von reinem rekristallisierten Molybdan Blech unter zyklischer und statischer Beanspruchung wurde im Temperaturbereich zwischen 30°C und 100°C, unter Zug-Druck Spannungsamplituden zwischen 100 MPa und 250 MPa, sowie unter Zugbeanspruchung bis 200 MPa untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß Molybdan trotz der niedrigen Prüftemperaturen und Spannungen ein beträchtliches plastisches Verformungsvermögen aufweist, das empfindlich von der Prüffrequenzzeit und von geringfügigen Veranderungen in der Prüftemperatur abhängt. Die Aktivierungsenergie für die statischen und dynamischen Verformungsvorgänge berechnet sich zu weniger als 0,98 eV, was auf thermisch aktivierte Verformungsprozesse deutet. Diese Prozesse konnten auf der Grundlage eines in der Literatur beschriebenen Versetzungskinkenmodells erklärt werden. Das zyklische Plastizitätsverhalten bei den niederen Prüftemperaturen erscheint durch Wechselwirkungen von Kriech- und Ermüdungsvorgangen beeinflußt zu sein.
    Notes: The deformation behavior of pure recrystallized molybdenum under cyclic and static loads was investigated in the temperature range between 30°C and 10O°C, for stress amplitudes between 100 MPa and 250 MPa and for static loads up to 200 MPa. The results show that in spite of the low test temperatures and stress levels the Mo material exhibits considerable plastic strains which depend sensitively on frequenez and small changes in temperature.The activation energy deduced for the static and dynamic deformation is less than 0.98 eV which indicates thermally activated processes, to be explained by a dislocation kink model as described in the literature. The low-temperature fatigue behavior appears strongly influenced by creep-fatigue interaction phenomena.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19950260905
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highly precise automatic control of temperature for biochemical measurements (1993)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 346 (1993), S. 1014-1016 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Stable temperature conditions are demanded for biochemical measurements. A system is presented for controlling the temperature of a solution in a measuring cell within an accuracy of ±0.02 K at any room temperature for longer than half an hour. An ultrasound transmitter rapidly warms the solution in a 2 ml cell to the desired temperature (0.5 K/s). Simultaneously, the environment of the cell is kept at the same temperature by circulation of a small volume of water. Its temperature is precisely regulated by a Peltier Thermal Supply controlled by a State Controller. The ultrasound application, the temperature control of the environment of the cell and the data acquisition for the measuring procedures are performed by a MS DOS Personal Computer. This system has been applied to photometric measurements of reaction kinetics to determine the enzymatic activity and the activation energy. The reproducibility achieved has been ±1% and ±1 kJ/mol, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00322770
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  • 6
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    Nano-antenna in a photoconductive photomixer for highly efficient continuous wave terahertz emission (2013)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-09
    Description: We report highly efficient continuous-wave terahertz (THz) photoconductive antenna based photomixer employing nano-gap electrodes in the active region. The tip-to-tip nano-gap electrode structure provides strong THz field enhancement and acts as a nano-antenna to radiate the THz wave generated in the active region of the photomixer. In addition, it provides good impedance matching to the THz planar antenna and exhibits a lower RC time constant, allowing more efficient radiation especially at the higher part of the THz spectrum. As a result, the output intensity of the photomixer with the new nano-gap electrode structure in the active region is two orders of magnitude higher than that of a photomixer with typical interdigitated electrodes. Significant improvement in the THz emission bandwidth was also observed. An efficient continuous wave THz source will greatly benefit compact THz system development for high resolution THz spectroscopy and imaging applications. Scientific Reports 3 doi: 10.1038/srep02824
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 7
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    Histone deacetylase 3 modulates Tbx5 activity to regulate early cardiogenesis (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-21
    Description: Congenital heart defects often result from improper differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells. Although transcription factors involved in cardiac progenitor cell differentiation have been described, the associated chromatin modifiers in this process remain largely unknown. Here we show that mouse embryos lacking the chromatin-modifying enzyme histone deacetylase 3 (Hdac3) in cardiac progenitor cells exhibit precocious cardiomyocyte differentiation, severe cardiac developmental defects, upregulation of Tbx5 target genes and embryonic lethality. Hdac3 physically interacts with Tbx5 and modulates its acetylation to repress Tbx5-dependent activation of cardiomyocyte lineage-specific genes. These findings reveal that Hdac3 plays a critical role in cardiac progenitor cells to regulate early cardiogenesis.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Neoproterozoic backarc basin on the southeastern margin of the Yangtze block during Rodinia assembly: New evidence from provenance of detrital zircons and geochemistry of mafic rocks (2017)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-01
    Description: Several tectonic models have been proposed for the Neoproterozoic amalgamation of the South China block during the assembly of Rodinia. However, the timing of the end of arc magmatism between the two subblocks in the South China block (i.e., the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks) remains controversial because it is unclear whether the 860–820 Ma magmatic rocks and coeval sedimentary basins in this area are related to subduction or plume activity. Here, we present new detrital zircon U-Pb and Hf isotopic data for the sediments directly overlying early Neoproterozoic arc volcanic rocks in this region. These data reveal a rhythmic change in source coincident with a progressive increase in the amount of juvenile and old crustal detritus within these sediments. This result, combined with the presence of a fining-upward grain-size trend and horizontal bedding within these sediments, provides evidence of bidirectional sources that are consistent with a backarc setting. The juvenile crustal material within these sediments was sourced from adjacent arc terranes to the east, whereas the old crustal detritus was derived from the Yangtze block to the west. In addition, sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe zircon U-Pb dating of mafic rocks within equivalent sedimentary sequences yielded ages of ca. 860–840 Ma, and these mafic rocks have arc- or mid-ocean-ridge basalt–like geochemical features that indicate the initiation of backarc spreading associated with Neoproterozoic NW-directed subduction. The data from the sediments and mafic rocks suggest the presence of a backarc basin system at ca. 860–820 Ma within the southeastern margin of the Yangtze block. This in turn indicates that Rodinia assembly was not completed until ca. 820 Ma, with the South China block possibly acting as a connection between a Neoproterozoic Andean-type active continental margin and Grenvillian belts on the paleo–western margin of the Rodinia supercontinent.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7606
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2674
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 9
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    Spring phenology in Tibetan Plateau [Biological Sciences] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-26
    Description: Zhang et al. (1) report that the green-up dates in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) have continuously advanced from 1982 to 2011. They retrieved green-up dates from the multiannual time-series of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) using the method proposed by Piao et al. (2). This method assumes that the nongrowing...
    Keywords: Letters
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    Highly precise automatic control of temperature for biochemical measurements (1993)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0937-0633
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1130
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer
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