ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Slip zone and energetics of a large earthquake from the Taiwan Chelungpu-fault Drilling Project (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 444 (2006), S. 473-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Determining the seismic fracture energy during an earthquake and understanding the associated creation and development of a fault zone requires a combination of both seismological and geological field data. The actual thickness of the zone that slips during the rupture of a large earthquake ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05253
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fractal size and spatial distributions of fault zones: An investigation into the seismic Chelungpu Fault, Taiwan (2005)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    The @island arc 14 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The fractality of fault zones of thickness T for the 248-m-long core from a borehole penetrating the northern segment of the seismic Chelungpu Fault, Taiwan, was analyzed. The frequency curve of T shows that the fractal dimension is normal when T is smaller than a characteristic thickness Tc, and it becomes abnormally large when T exceeds Tc. The fractal dimensions of size and spatial distributions of T increase as the mean distribution density of T increases, which is inconsistent with the evolution laws for ordinary brittle faults. This discrepancy implies that the thickening rate of T when T is more than Tc is not constant, but a decreasing function of fault displacement. The slow thickening rate is related to the elastohydrodynamic lubrication which was effective on the fault when T exceeds Tc. This slip instability mechanism can explain the large, fast and smooth slip on the northern segment of the Chelungpu Fault during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2004.00454.x
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clayey injection veins and pseudotachylyte from two boreholes penetrating the Chelungpu Fault, Taiwan: Their implications for the contrastive seismic slip behaviors during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake (2005)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    The @island arc 14 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The seismic slip that occurred during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan showed contrastive behaviors in different regions along the Chelungpu Fault: A large and smooth slip occurred in the north, while a relatively small slip associated with high-frequency seismic wave radiation occurred in the south. The core samples from shallow boreholes at northern (Fengyuan) and southern (Nantou) sites penetrating the seismic Chelungpu Fault were analyzed. The fault zones at the northern site are characterized by soft clayey material associated with clayey injection veins. This suggests that the fault zones were pressurized during ancient seismic slip events, and hence the elastohydrodynamic lubrication occurred effectively. In contrast, the fault rock from the southern site is old pseudotachylyte that has been shattered by repeated ancient seismic slip events. Statistical analysis of many pseudotachylyte fragments reveals that the degree of frictional melting tended to be low. In this case, the seismic slip is restrained by the mechanical barrier of a highly viscous melt layer. These contrastive fault rocks were produced by repeated ancient seismic slip events, but the two corresponding mechanisms of friction are likely to have also occurred during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, thus causing the contrastive slip behaviors in the north and south.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2004.00455.x
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Internal structure of the Nojima Fault zone from the Hirabayashi GSJ drill core (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    The @island arc 10 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The internal structures of the Nojima Fault, south-west Japan, are examined from mesoscopic observations of continuous core samples from the Hirabayashi Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ) drilling. The drilling penetrated the central part of the Nojima Fault, which ruptured during the 1995 Kobe earthquake (Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake) (M7.2). It intersected a 0.3 m-thick layer of fault gouge, which is presumed to constitute the fault core (defined as a narrow zone of extremely concentrated deformation) of the Nojima Fault Zone. The rocks obtained from the Hirabayashi GSJ drilling were divided into five types based on the intensities of deformation and alteration: host rock, weakly deformed and altered granodiorite, fault breccia, cataclasite, and fault gouge. Weakly deformed and altered granodiorite is distributed widely in the fault zone. Fault breccia appears mostly just above the fault core. Cataclasite is distributed mainly in a narrow (≈1 m wide) zone in between the fault core and a smaller gouge zone encountered lower down from the drilling. Fault gouge in the fault core is divided into three types based on their color and textures. From their cross-cutting relationships and vein development, the lowest fault gouge in the fault core is judged to be newer than the other two. The fault zone characterized by the deformation and alteration is assumed to be deeper than 426.2 m and its net thickness is 〉 46.5 m. The fault rocks in the hanging wall (above the fault core) are deformed and altered more intensely than those in the footwall (below the fault core). Furthermore, the intensities of deformation and alteration increase progressively towards the fault core in the hanging wall, but not in the footwall. The difference in the fault rock distribution between the hanging wall and the footwall might be related to the offset of the Nojima Fault and/or the asymmetrical ground motion during earthquakes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2001.00337.x
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Examination of mineral assemblage and chemical composition in the fracture zone of the Nojima Fault at a depth of 1140 m: Analyses of the Hirabayashi NIED drill cores (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    The @island arc 10 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A 1800 m deep borehole was drilled at Nojima Hirabayashi, Japan to penetrate through the Nojima Fault, which was activated at the time of the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake (Kobe earthquake). Three fracture zones were recognized in cores at approximate depths of 1140 m, 1300 m and 1800 m. The mode of distribution of fault rocks, minerals and chemical elements were analyzed in an interval between depths of 1108 m and 1161 m, focusing on the fracture zone at the depth of 1140 m. Foliated blue-gray fault gouge constituted the central part of the fracture zone. The degree of fracturing appeared to be greater in the hanging wall than in the footwall. The relative amounts of minerals were estimated qualitatively. In the analyzed interval, not only were quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase, biotite and hornblende detected in the parent rock (granodiorite), but also kaolinite, smectite, laumontite, stilbite, calcite, ankerite and siderite, which are related to hydrothermal alteration. In particular, biotite disappeared both in the hanging wall and footwall across the central fault zone; it disappeared over a wider range in the hanging wall than in the footwall. The amounts of major chemical elements were analyzed quantitatively. Concentrations of Al2O3, Fe2O3, MnO, TiO2, and P2O5 all decreased throughout the interval except at some points. H2O+ and CO2 increased throughout the interval. Na2O increased in the region outside the central plane, whereas MgO and CaO increased in the hanging wall and decreased in the footwall. SiO2 and K2O decreased in the hanging wall and increased in the footwall. These results elucidate the higher degree of fracturing and chemical changes present in the hanging wall of the 1140 m fracture zone than in the footwall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2001.00340.x
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative study of cataclastic rocks from a drill core and outcrops of the Nojima Fault zone on Awaji Island, Japan (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    The @island arc 10 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Cataclastic rocks found in the Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University (DPRI) 500 m drill core and outcrops along the Nojima Fault zone on Awaji Island, southwest Japan, were examined at mesoscopic and microscopic scales. The damaged zone of this fault in granitic rocks, observed on the southeast side of the fault, is 50–60 m wide and is composed of fractured host rocks and cataclastic rocks including cataclasite, fault breccia, and fault gouge. The fault breccia and gouge of small scales are scattered in the damaged zone. Fault core (zone of extremely concentrated shearing deformation along a fault) consists of fault gouge measuring several tens to approximately 150 mm in width, as recognized both in the drill core and at outcrops of the Nojima Fault along which surface ruptures formed during the 1995 Kobe earthquake. Fault breccia, measuring a few meters wide, has developed pervasively in the damaged zone, just next to the fault core. Pseudotachylyte has been found interlayered with fault gouge within the fault core only at outcrops at Hirabarashi, not in the DPRI 500 m core. Petrological studies and powder X-ray diffraction analysis show that the pseudotachylyte and fault gouge are composed mainly of fine-grained angular clasts of the host granitic rocks, suggesting the pseudotachylyte is of ‘crush origin’. Foliated cataclasite is characterized by the preferred orientation of elongated biotite clasts and granular aggregates of quartz and feldspar clasts, and by the development of cataclastic shear bands. Unlike cataclastically deformed quartz and feldspar in the cataclasite, biotite in the foliated cataclasite shows combinations of brittle and plastic deformation, such as biotite ‘fish’, cleavage steps, bending and kinking. These textures suggest that the foliated cataclasite formed at a deeper level than the cataclasite, fault breccia and gouge, possibly before the Quaternary period during which the Nojima Fault has moved as a dextral strike–slip fault with some reverse movement resulting in the uplifting of Awaji Island. Examination of fault rocks from surface outcrops can yield similar results to those obtained from drill cores with regard to the internal structures of a fault zone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2001.00335.x
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deformation mechanisms and fluid behavior in a shallow, brittle fault zone during coseismic and interseismic periods: Results from drill core penetrating the Nojima Fault, Japan (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    The @island arc 10 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes the results of petrographical and meso- to microstructural observations of brittle fault rocks in cores obtained by drilling through the Nojima Fault at a drilling depth of 389.52 m. The zonation of deformation and alteration in the central zone of the fault is clearly seen in cores of granite from the hanging wall, in the following order: (i) host rock, which is characterized by some intragranular microcracks and in situ alteration of mafic minerals and feldspars; (ii) weakly deformed and altered rocks, which are characterized by transgranular cracks and the dissolution of mafic minerals, and by the precipitation of zeolites and iron hydroxide materials; (iii) random fabric fault breccia, which is characterized by fragmentation, by anastomosing networks of transgranular cracks, and by the precipitation of zeolites and iron hydroxide materials; and (iv) fault gouge, which is characterized by the precipitation of smectite and localized cataclastic flow. This zonation implies that the fault has been weakened gradually by fluid-related fracturing over time. In the footwall, a gouge layer measuring only 15 mm thick is present just below the surface of the Nojima Fault. These observations are the basis for a model of fluid behavior along the Nojima Fault. The model invokes the percolation of meteoric fluids through cracks in the hanging wall fault zone during interseismic periods, resulting in chemical reactions in the fault gouge layer to form smectite. The low permeability clay-rich gouge layer sealed the footwall. The fault gouge was brecciated during coseismic or postseismic periods, breaking the seal and allowing fluids to readily flow into the footwall, thus causing a slight alteration. Chemical reactions between fluids and the fault breccia and gouge generated new fault gouge, which resealed the footwall, resulting in a low fluid condition in the footwall during interseismic periods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2001.00336.x
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alteration and mass transfer inferred from the Hirabayashi GSJ drill penetrating the Nojima Fault, Japan (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    The @island arc 10 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Mineralogical and geochemical studies on the fault rocks from the Nojima–Hirabayashi borehole, south-west Japan, are performed to clarify the alteration and mass transfer in the Nojima Fault Zone at shallow depths. A complete sequence from the hornblende–biotite granodiorite protolith to the fault core can be observed without serious disorganization by surface weathering. The parts deeper than 426.2 m are in the fault zone where rocks have suffered fault-related deformation and alteration. Characteristic alteration minerals in the fault zone are smectite, zeolites (laumontite, stilbite), and carbonate minerals (calcite and siderite). It is inferred that laumontite veins formed at temperatures higher than approximately 100°C during the fault activity. A reverse component in the movement of the Nojima Fault influences the distribution of zeolites. Zeolite is the main sealing mineral in relatively deep parts, whereas carbonate is the main sealing mineral at shallower depths. Several shear zones are recognized in the fault zone. Intense alteration is localized in the gouge zones. Rock chemistry changes in a different manner between different shear zones in the fault zone. The main shear zone (MSZ), which corresponds to the core of the Nojima Fault, shows increased concentration of most elements except Si, Al, Na, and K. However, a lower shear zone (LSZ-2), which is characterized by intense alteration rather than cataclastic deformation, shows a decreased concentration of most elements including Ti and Zr. A simple volume change analysis based on Ti and Zr immobility, commonly used to examine the changes in fault rock chemistry, cannot account fully for the different behaviors of Ti and Zr among the two gouge zones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2001.00338.x
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of fault rocks in the fracture zone of the Nojima Fault at a depth of 1140 m: Observations from the Hirabayashi NIED drill core (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    The @island arc 10 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Characteristics of deformation and alteration of the 1140 m deep fracture zone of the Nojima Fault are described based on mesoscopic (to the naked eye) and microscopic (by both optical and scanning electron microscopes) observations of the Hirabayashi National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) drill core. Three types of fault rocks; that is, fault breccia, fault gouge and cataclasite, appear in the central part of the fault zone and two types of weakly deformed and/or altered rocks; that is, weakly deformed and altered granodiorite and altered granodiorite, are located in the outside of the central part of the fault zone (damaged zone). Cataclasite appears occasionally in the damaged zone. Six distinct, thin foliated fault gouge zones, which dip to the south-east, appear clearly in the very central part of the fracture zone. Slickenlines plunging to the north-east are observed on the surface of the newest gouge. Based on the observations of XZ thin sections, these slickenlines and the newest gouge have the same kinematics as the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake (Kobe earthquake), which was dextral-reverse slip. Scanning electron microscopy observations of the freeze-dried fault gouge show that a large amount of void space is maintained locally, which might play an important role as a path for fluid migration and the existence of either heterogeneity of pore fluid pressure or strain localization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2001.00339.x
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Timing of the cataclastic deformation along the Akaishi Tectonic Line, central Japan (1995)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 120 (1995), S. 150-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes K-Ar ages of cataclasites and fault gouges from the Akaishi Tectonic Line (ATL), central Japan. Petrological and mineralogical features of these rocks are also examined. Based on the results, we test the hypothesis that the K-Ar ages of these rocks represent the age of hydrothermal alteration associated with the fault movement. Intensity of deformation and alteration increase passing from host rock into cataclasite and finally into fault gouge. This increase corresponds to an increase of the value of crystallinity index (Kübler index) of the micaceous minerals contained in these rocks. Furthermore, the degree of rejuvention of K-Ar ages of the micaceous minerals increases in the same sense. A correlation of K-Ar ages (plotted on the y axis) versus Kübler index (plotted on the x axis) yields a concave curve asymptotically parallel with the x axis at approximately 15 Ma. This curve is interpreted to represent the mode of decrease of the relative amounts of inherited argon in the K-Ar system of the micaceous minerals, corresponding to an increase in the intensity of deformation and alteration. Inclination of the curve becomes zero if all the inherited argon is lost from the K-Ar system of the micaceous minerals. Thus, it is concluded that the hydrothermal alteration occurred at approximately 15 Ma. The strike-slip basin along the ATL formed the middle Miocene. The K-Ar dating of ATL gouges indicates that the ATL was active simultaneously with formation of the strike-slip basin along its trace during the middle Miocene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00287112
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...