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  • 1
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    Micro Cathode Arc Thruster for PhoneSat: Development and Potential Applications (2014)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: NASA Ames Research Center and the George Washington University are developing an electric propulsion subsystem that will be integrated into the PhoneSat bus. Experimental tests have shown a reliable performance by firing three different thrusters at various frequencies in vacuum conditions. The interface consists of a microcontroller that sends a trigger pulse to the Pulsed Plasma Unit that is responsible for the thruster operation. A Smartphone is utilized as the main user interface for the selection of commands that control the entire system. The propellant, which is the cathode itself, is a solid cylinder made of Titanium. This simplicity in the design avoids miniaturization and manufacturing problems. The characteristics of this thruster allow an array of CATs to perform attitude control and orbital correction maneuvers that will open the door for the implementation of an extensive collection of new mission concepts and space applications for CubeSats. NASA Ames is currently working on the integration of the system to fit the thrusters and the PPU inside a 1.5U CubeSat together with the PhoneSat bus. This satellite is intended to be deployed from the ISS in 2015 and test the functionality of the thrusters by spinning the satellite around its long axis and measure the rotational speed with the phone gyros. This test flight will raise the TRL of the propulsion system from 5 to 7 and will be a first test for further CubeSats with propulsion systems, a key subsystem for long duration or interplanetary small satellite missions.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN14562 , Small Satellite Systems and Services (4S) Symposium; May 26, 2014 - May 30, 2014; Porto Petro, Mojorca; Spain
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    PhoneSat In-flight Experience Results (2014)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Over the last decade, consumer technology has vastly improved its performances, become more affordable and reduced its size. Modern day smartphones offer capabilities that enable us to figure out where we are, which way we are pointing, observe the world around us, and store and transmit this information to wherever we want. These capabilities are remarkably similar to those required for multi-million dollar satellites. The PhoneSat project at NASA Ames Research Center is building a series of CubeSat-size spacecrafts using an off-the-shelf smartphone as its on-board computer with the goal of showing just how simple and cheap space can be. Since the PhoneSat project started, different suborbital and orbital flight activities have proven the viability of this revolutionary approach. In early 2013, the PhoneSat project launched the first triage of PhoneSats into LEO. In the five day orbital life time, the nano-satellites flew the first functioning smartphone-based satellites (using the Nexus One and Nexus S phones), the cheapest satellite (a total parts cost below $3,500) and one of the fastest on-board processors (CPU speed of 1GHz). In this paper, an overview of the PhoneSat project as well as a summary of the in-flight experimental results is presented.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance; Space Communications, Spacecraft Communications, Command and Tracking
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN14625 , Small Satellites and Services Symposium; May 26, 2014 - May 30, 2014; Porto Petro, Majorca; Spain
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Modulating Retro-Reflectors: Technology, Link Budgets and Applications (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Satellite communications systems today -- usually radio frequency (RF) -- tend to have low data rates and use a lot of on-board power. For CubeSats, communications often dominate the power budget. We investigate the use of modulating retro-reflectors (MRRs), previously demonstrated on the ground, for high data-rate communication downlinks from small satellites. A laser ground station would illuminate a retro-reflector on-board the satellite while an element in the retro-reflector modulates the intensity of the reflected signal, thereby encoding a data stream on the returning beam. A detector on the ground receives the data, keeping the complex systems and the vast majority of power consumption on the ground. Reducing the power consumption while increasing data rates would relax constraints on power budgets for small satellites, leaving more power available for payloads. In the future, this could enable the use of constellations of nano-satellites for a variety of missions, possibly leading to a paradigm shift in small satellite applications.
    Keywords: Communications and Radar
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN5842 , 63rd International Astronautical Congress; Oct 01, 2012 - Oct 05, 2012; Naples; Italy
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    LightForce: An Update on Orbital Collision Avoidance Using Photon Pressure (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: We present an update on our research on collision avoidance using photon-pressure induced by ground-based lasers. In the past, we have shown the general feasibility of employing small orbit perturbations, induced by photon pressure from ground-based laser illumination, for collision avoidance in space. Possible applications would be protecting space assets from impacts with debris and stabilizing the orbital debris environment. Focusing on collision avoidance rather than de-orbit, the scheme avoids some of the security and liability implications of active debris removal, and requires less sophisticated hardware than laser ablation. In earlier research we concluded that one ground based system consisting of a 10 kW class laser, directed by a 1.5 m telescope with adaptive optics, could avoid a significant fraction of debris-debris collisions in low Earth orbit. This paper describes our recent efforts, which include refining our original analysis, employing higher fidelity simulations and performing experimental tracking tests. We investigate the efficacy of one or more laser ground stations for debris-debris collision avoidance and satellite protection using simulations to investigate multiple case studies. The approach includes modeling of laser beam propagation through the atmosphere, the debris environment (including actual trajectories and physical parameters), laser facility operations, and simulations of the resulting photon pressure. We also present the results of experimental laser debris tracking tests. These tests track potential targets of a first technical demonstration and quantify the achievable tracking performance.
    Keywords: Lasers and Masers
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN5862 , 63rd International Astronautical Congress; Oct 01, 2012 - Oct 05, 2012; Naples; Italy
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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