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  • 1
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    Massive transformation from δ phase to γ phase in Fe–C alloys and strain induced in solidifying shell (2012)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-04
    Description: Time-resolved in situ observations using synchrotron radiation X-rays showed that γ nucleation difficulties resulted in a massive transformation from the δ phase to the γ phase. The massive transformation occurred even in high-carbon steel (0.45 mass% C) at a cooling rate of 0.33 K/s or more. A crystallographic relationship in which the close-packed (111) plane of the γ phase tended to coincide with the close-packed (110) plane of the δ phase suggested that the γ phase nucleated in a favorable plane in the δ phase. Observations of the sequence in the initial stage of solidification showed that the induced strain and strain rate in the massive transformation were larger than those expected in peritectic solidification. These observations will help us to understand deformation of solidifying shells and to build a physical model.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 2
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    In-situ observation of peritectic solidification in Sn-Cd and Fe-C alloys (2012)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-13
    Description: Time-resolved absorption imaging using synchrotron radiation X-rays allows us to observe solidification of metallic alloys of interest. This paper presents peritectic solidification in Sn-Cd alloy and Fe-C alloys. In unidirectional solidification of Sn-Cd alloy, the formation of a banded structure, in which two phases were alternatively piled up in the growth direction, was clearly observed. Sequence of nucleation or fluctuation of triple junction (primary phase / secondary phase / liquid) resulted in the banded structure. Ease of nucleation for both phases contributed to the banded structure formation. In carbon steel (Fe-0.45mass%C), the transformation from δ phase to γ phase was observed. At lower cooling rates, γ phase was produced in semisolid state of δ phase and liquid, indicating the peritectic reaction occurred during solidification. In contrast, δ phase transformed into γ phase when solidification nearly completed at temperatur...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 3
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    Neutron activation analysis of a particle returned from asteroid Itokawa (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: A single grain (~3 micrograms) returned by the Hayabusa spacecraft was analyzed by neutron activation analysis. This grain is mainly composed of olivine with minor amounts of plagioclase, troilite, and metal. Our results establish that the Itokawa sample has similar chemical characteristics (iron/scandium and nickel/cobalt ratios) to chondrites, confirming that this grain is extraterrestrial in origin and has primitive chemical compositions. Estimated iridium/nickel and iridium/cobalt ratios for metal in the Itokawa samples are about five times lower than CI carbonaceous chondrite values. A similar depletion of iridium was observed in chondrule metals of ordinary chondrites. These metals must have condensed from the nebular where refractory siderophile elements already condensed and were segregated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ebihara, M -- Sekimoto, S -- Shirai, N -- Hamajima, Y -- Yamamoto, M -- Kumagai, K -- Oura, Y -- Ireland, T R -- Kitajima, F -- Nagao, K -- Nakamura, T -- Naraoka, H -- Noguchi, T -- Okazaki, R -- Tsuchiyama, A -- Uesugi, M -- Yurimoto, H -- Zolensky, M E -- Abe, M -- Fujimura, A -- Mukai, T -- Yada, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1119-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1207865.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan. ebihara-mitsuru@tmu.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868669" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Itokawa dust particles: a direct link between S-type asteroids and ordinary chondrites (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: The Hayabusa spacecraft successfully recovered dust particles from the surface of near-Earth asteroid 25143 Itokawa. Synchrotron-radiation x-ray diffraction and transmission and scanning electron microscope analyses indicate that the mineralogy and mineral chemistry of the Itokawa dust particles are identical to those of thermally metamorphosed LL chondrites, consistent with spectroscopic observations made from Earth and by the Hayabusa spacecraft. Our results directly demonstrate that ordinary chondrites, the most abundant meteorites found on Earth, come from S-type asteroids. Mineral chemistry indicates that the majority of regolith surface particles suffered long-term thermal annealing and subsequent impact shock, suggesting that Itokawa is an asteroid made of reassembled pieces of the interior portions of a once larger asteroid.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nakamura, Tomoki -- Noguchi, Takaaki -- Tanaka, Masahiko -- Zolensky, Michael E -- Kimura, Makoto -- Tsuchiyama, Akira -- Nakato, Aiko -- Ogami, Toshihiro -- Ishida, Hatsumi -- Uesugi, Masayuki -- Yada, Toru -- Shirai, Kei -- Fujimura, Akio -- Okazaki, Ryuji -- Sandford, Scott A -- Ishibashi, Yukihiro -- Abe, Masanao -- Okada, Tatsuaki -- Ueno, Munetaka -- Mukai, Toshifumi -- Yoshikawa, Makoto -- Kawaguchi, Junichiro -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1113-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1207758.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Material Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan. tomoki@m.tohoku.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868667" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Three-dimensional structure of Hayabusa samples: origin and evolution of Itokawa regolith (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: Regolith particles on the asteroid Itokawa were recovered by the Hayabusa mission. Their three-dimensional (3D) structure and other properties, revealed by x-ray microtomography, provide information on regolith formation. Modal abundances of minerals, bulk density (3.4 grams per cubic centimeter), and the 3D textures indicate that the particles represent a mixture of equilibrated and less-equilibrated LL chondrite materials. Evidence for melting was not seen on any of the particles. Some particles have rounded edges. Overall, the particles' size and shape are different from those seen in particles from the lunar regolith. These features suggest that meteoroid impacts on the asteroid surface primarily form much of the regolith particle, and that seismic-induced grain motion in the smooth terrain abrades them over time.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsuchiyama, Akira -- Uesugi, Masayuki -- Matsushima, Takashi -- Michikami, Tatsuhiro -- Kadono, Toshihiko -- Nakamura, Tomoki -- Uesugi, Kentaro -- Nakano, Tsukasa -- Sandford, Scott A -- Noguchi, Ryo -- Matsumoto, Toru -- Matsuno, Junya -- Nagano, Takashi -- Imai, Yuta -- Takeuchi, Akihisa -- Suzuki, Yoshio -- Ogami, Toshihiro -- Katagiri, Jun -- Ebihara, Mitsuru -- Ireland, Trevor R -- Kitajima, Fumio -- Nagao, Keisuke -- Naraoka, Hiroshi -- Noguchi, Takaaki -- Okazaki, Ryuji -- Yurimoto, Hisayoshi -- Zolensky, Michael E -- Mukai, Toshifumi -- Abe, Masanao -- Yada, Toru -- Fujimura, Akio -- Yoshikawa, Makoto -- Kawaguchi, Junichiro -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1125-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1207807.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan. akira@ess.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868671" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Induced alpha helix in the VP16 activation domain upon binding to a human TAF (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-08-29
    Description: Activation domains are functional modules that enable sequence-specific DNA binding proteins to stimulate transcription. The structural basis for the function of activation domains is poorly understood. A combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and biochemical experiments revealed that the minimal acidic activation domain of the herpes simplex virus VP16 protein undergoes an induced transition from random coil to alpha helix upon binding to its target protein, hTAFII31 (a human TFIID TATA box-binding protein-associated factor). Identification of the two hydrophobic residues that make nonpolar contacts suggests a general recognition motif of acidic activation domains for hTAFII31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Uesugi, M -- Nyanguile, O -- Lu, H -- Levine, A J -- Verdine, G L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 29;277(5330):1310-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9271577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Herpes Simplex Virus Protein Vmw65/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Folding ; *Protein Structure, Secondary ; Sequence Deletion ; *TATA-Binding Protein Associated Factors ; Trans-Activators/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Transcription Factor TFIID ; *Transcriptional Activation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Oxygen isotopic compositions of asteroidal materials returned from Itokawa by the Hayabusa mission (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: Meteorite studies suggest that each solar system object has a unique oxygen isotopic composition. Chondrites, the most primitive of meteorites, have been believed to be derived from asteroids, but oxygen isotopic compositions of asteroids themselves have not been established. We measured, using secondary ion mass spectrometry, oxygen isotopic compositions of rock particles from asteroid 25143 Itokawa returned by the Hayabusa spacecraft. Compositions of the particles are depleted in (16)O relative to terrestrial materials and indicate that Itokawa, an S-type asteroid, is one of the sources of the LL or L group of equilibrated ordinary chondrites. This is a direct oxygen-isotope link between chondrites and their parent asteroid.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yurimoto, Hisayoshi -- Abe, Ken-ichi -- Abe, Masanao -- Ebihara, Mitsuru -- Fujimura, Akio -- Hashiguchi, Minako -- Hashizume, Ko -- Ireland, Trevor R -- Itoh, Shoichi -- Katayama, Juri -- Kato, Chizu -- Kawaguchi, Junichiro -- Kawasaki, Noriyuki -- Kitajima, Fumio -- Kobayashi, Sachio -- Meike, Tatsuji -- Mukai, Toshifumi -- Nagao, Keisuke -- Nakamura, Tomoki -- Naraoka, Hiroshi -- Noguchi, Takaaki -- Okazaki, Ryuji -- Park, Changkun -- Sakamoto, Naoya -- Seto, Yusuke -- Takei, Masashi -- Tsuchiyama, Akira -- Uesugi, Masayuki -- Wakaki, Shigeyuki -- Yada, Toru -- Yamamoto, Kosuke -- Yoshikawa, Makoto -- Zolensky, Michael E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1116-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1207776.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan. yuri@ep.sci.hokudai.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868668" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Irradiation history of Itokawa regolith material deduced from noble gases in the Hayabusa samples (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: Noble gas isotopes were measured in three rocky grains from asteroid Itokawa to elucidate a history of irradiation from cosmic rays and solar wind on its surface. Large amounts of solar helium (He), neon (Ne), and argon (Ar) trapped in various depths in the grains were observed, which can be explained by multiple implantations of solar wind particles into the grains, combined with preferential He loss caused by frictional wear of space-weathered rims on the grains. Short residence time of less than 8 million years was implied for the grains by an estimate on cosmic-ray-produced (21)Ne. Our results suggest that Itokawa is continuously losing its surface materials into space at a rate of tens of centimeters per million years. The lifetime of Itokawa should be much shorter than the age of our solar system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nagao, Keisuke -- Okazaki, Ryuji -- Nakamura, Tomoki -- Miura, Yayoi N -- Osawa, Takahito -- Bajo, Ken-ichi -- Matsuda, Shintaro -- Ebihara, Mitsuru -- Ireland, Trevor R -- Kitajima, Fumio -- Naraoka, Hiroshi -- Noguchi, Takaaki -- Tsuchiyama, Akira -- Yurimoto, Hisayoshi -- Zolensky, Michael E -- Uesugi, Masayuki -- Shirai, Kei -- Abe, Masanao -- Yada, Toru -- Ishibashi, Yukihiro -- Fujimura, Akio -- Mukai, Toshifumi -- Ueno, Munetaka -- Okada, Tatsuaki -- Yoshikawa, Makoto -- Kawaguchi, Junichiro -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1128-31. doi: 10.1126/science.1207785.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geochemical Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. nagao@eqchem.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    A new X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy for extraterrestrial materials using a muon beam (2014)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-28
    Description: The recent development of the intense pulsed muon source at J-PARC MUSE, Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex/MUon Science Establishment (106 s−1 for a momentum of 60 MeV/c), enabled us to pioneer a new frontier in analytical sciences. Here, we report a non-destructive elemental analysis using µ− capture. Controlling muon momentum from 32.5 to 57.5 MeV/c, we successfully demonstrate a depth-profile analysis of light elements (B, C, N, and O) from several mm-thick layered materials and non-destructive bulk analyses of meteorites containing organic materials. Muon beam analysis, enabling a bulk analysis of light to heavy elements without severe radioactivation, is a unique analytical method complementary to other non-destructive analyses. Furthermore, this technology can be used as a powerful tool to identify the content and distribution of organic components in future asteroidal return samples. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep05072
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Product analyses in DNA strand scission by antitumor antibiotic elsamicin A
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 186 (1992), S. 580-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(05)80848-4
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