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  • 1
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    A possible new Al-bearing hydrous Mg-silicate (23 A phase) in the deep upper mantle (2015)
    Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-02
    Description: A new Al-bearing hydrous Mg-silicate that we named as 23 Å phase was synthesized at 10 GPa and 1000 °C, while also coexisting with diaspore and pyrope in the following system: phase A [Mg 7 Si 2 O 8 (OH) 6 ] + Al 2 O 3 + H 2 O. The chemical composition of this new 23 Å phase is Mg 11 Al 2 Si 4 O 16 (OH) 12 , and it contains about 12.1 wt% water. Powder X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction patterns show that this new 23 Å phase has a hexagonal structure, with a = 5.1972(2), c = 22.991(4) Å, and V = 537.8(2) Å 3 , and the possible space group is P c 2, P 6 3 cm , or P 6 3 / mcm . The calculated density is 2.761 g/cm 3 accordingly, which was determined by assuming that the formula unit per cell ( Z ) is 1. This crystal structure is quite unique among mantle minerals in having an extraordinarily long c axis. Several experiments revealed that its stability region is very similar to that of phase A. We further confirmed that this new 23 Å phase was stable in the chlorite composition at 10 GPa and 1000 °C. The present results indicate that this new 23 Å hydrous phase will form in an Al-bearing subducting slab, and transport water together with Al into the deep upper mantle or even into the upper part of the transition zone.
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of America
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  • 2
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    Oxygen isotope exchange between refractory inclusion in allende and solar nebula Gas (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-04
    Description: A calcium-aluminum-rich inclusion (CAI) from the Allende meteorite was analyzed and found to contain melilite crystals with extreme oxygen-isotope compositions ( approximately 5 percent oxygen-16 enrichment relative to terrestrial oxygen-16). Some of the melilite is also anomalously enriched in oxygen-16 compared with oxygen isotopes measured in other CAIs. The oxygen isotopic variation measured among the minerals (melilite, spinel, and fassaite) indicates that crystallization of the CAI started from oxygen-16-rich materials that were probably liquid droplets in the solar nebula, and oxygen isotope exchange with the surrounding oxygen-16-poor nebular gas progressed through the crystallization of the CAI. Additional oxygen isotope exchange also occurred during subsequent reheating events in the solar nebula.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yurimoto -- Ito -- Nagasawa -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 4;282(5395):1874-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉H. Yurimoto, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan. M. Ito and H. Nagasawa, Department of Chemistry, Gakushuin University, Mejiro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9836634" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Oxygen isotope exchange between refractory inclusion in Allende and solar nebula gas (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-04
    Description: A calcium-aluminum-rich inclusion (CAI) from the Allende meteorite was analyzed and found to contain melilite crystals with extreme oxygen-isotope composition (approximately 5 percent oxygen-16 enrichment relative to terrestrial oxygen-16). Some of the melilite is also anomalously enriched in oxygen-16 compared with oxygen isotopes measured in other CAIs. The oxygen isotopic variation measured among the minerals (melilite, spinel, and fassaite) indicates that crystallization of the CAI started from oxygen-16-rich materials that were probably liquid droplets in the solar nebula, and oxygen isotope exchange with the surrounding oxygen-16-poor nebular gas progressed through the crystallization of the CAI. Additional oxygen isotope exchange also occurred during subsequent reheating events in the solar nebula.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yurimoto, H -- Ito, M -- Nagasawa, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 4;282(5395):1874-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan. yuri@geo.titech.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874638" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crystallization ; *Meteoroids ; Oxygen/*analysis ; Oxygen Isotopes/*analysis ; *Solar System
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Water in Earth's lower mantle (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-09
    Description: Secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements show that Earth's representative lower mantle minerals synthesized in a natural peridotitic composition can dissolve considerable amounts of hydrogen. Both MgSiO3-rich perovskite and magnesiowustite contain about 0.2 weight percent (wt%) H2O, and CaSiO3-rich perovskite contains about 0.4 wt% H2O. The OH absorption bands in Mg-perovskite and magnesiowustite were also confirmed with the use of infrared microspectroscopic measurements. Earth's lower mantle may store about five times more H2O than the oceans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murakami, Motohiko -- Hirose, Kei -- Yurimoto, Hisayoshi -- Nakashima, Satoru -- Takafuji, Naoto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 8;295(5561):1885-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan. mmurakam@geo.titech.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11884752" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Remnants of the early solar system water enriched in heavy oxygen isotopes (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-16
    Description: Oxygen isotopic composition of our solar system is believed to have resulted from mixing of two isotopically distinct nebular reservoirs, 16O-rich and (17,18)O-rich relative to Earth. The nature and composition of the (17,18)O-rich reservoir are poorly constrained. We report an in situ discovery of a chemically and isotopically unique material distributed ubiquitously in fine-grained matrix of a primitive carbonaceous chondrite Acfer 094. This material formed by oxidation of Fe,Ni-metal and sulfides by water either in the solar nebula or on a planetesimal. Oxygen isotopic composition of this material indicates that the water was highly enriched in 17O and 18O (delta(17,18)O(SMOW) = +180 per thousand per mil), providing the first evidence for an extremely (17,18)O-rich reservoir in the early solar system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sakamoto, Naoya -- Seto, Yusuke -- Itoh, Shoichi -- Kuramoto, Kiyoshi -- Fujino, Kiyoshi -- Nagashima, Kazuhide -- Krot, Alexander N -- Yurimoto, Hisayoshi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 13;317(5835):231-3. Epub 2007 Jun 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569827" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Meteoroids ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*analysis ; Oxygen Isotopes/*analysis ; *Solar System ; Water/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Neutron activation analysis of a particle returned from asteroid Itokawa (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: A single grain (~3 micrograms) returned by the Hayabusa spacecraft was analyzed by neutron activation analysis. This grain is mainly composed of olivine with minor amounts of plagioclase, troilite, and metal. Our results establish that the Itokawa sample has similar chemical characteristics (iron/scandium and nickel/cobalt ratios) to chondrites, confirming that this grain is extraterrestrial in origin and has primitive chemical compositions. Estimated iridium/nickel and iridium/cobalt ratios for metal in the Itokawa samples are about five times lower than CI carbonaceous chondrite values. A similar depletion of iridium was observed in chondrule metals of ordinary chondrites. These metals must have condensed from the nebular where refractory siderophile elements already condensed and were segregated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ebihara, M -- Sekimoto, S -- Shirai, N -- Hamajima, Y -- Yamamoto, M -- Kumagai, K -- Oura, Y -- Ireland, T R -- Kitajima, F -- Nagao, K -- Nakamura, T -- Naraoka, H -- Noguchi, T -- Okazaki, R -- Tsuchiyama, A -- Uesugi, M -- Yurimoto, H -- Zolensky, M E -- Abe, M -- Fujimura, A -- Mukai, T -- Yada, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1119-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1207865.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan. ebihara-mitsuru@tmu.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868669" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Three-dimensional structure of Hayabusa samples: origin and evolution of Itokawa regolith (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: Regolith particles on the asteroid Itokawa were recovered by the Hayabusa mission. Their three-dimensional (3D) structure and other properties, revealed by x-ray microtomography, provide information on regolith formation. Modal abundances of minerals, bulk density (3.4 grams per cubic centimeter), and the 3D textures indicate that the particles represent a mixture of equilibrated and less-equilibrated LL chondrite materials. Evidence for melting was not seen on any of the particles. Some particles have rounded edges. Overall, the particles' size and shape are different from those seen in particles from the lunar regolith. These features suggest that meteoroid impacts on the asteroid surface primarily form much of the regolith particle, and that seismic-induced grain motion in the smooth terrain abrades them over time.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsuchiyama, Akira -- Uesugi, Masayuki -- Matsushima, Takashi -- Michikami, Tatsuhiro -- Kadono, Toshihiko -- Nakamura, Tomoki -- Uesugi, Kentaro -- Nakano, Tsukasa -- Sandford, Scott A -- Noguchi, Ryo -- Matsumoto, Toru -- Matsuno, Junya -- Nagano, Takashi -- Imai, Yuta -- Takeuchi, Akihisa -- Suzuki, Yoshio -- Ogami, Toshihiro -- Katagiri, Jun -- Ebihara, Mitsuru -- Ireland, Trevor R -- Kitajima, Fumio -- Nagao, Keisuke -- Naraoka, Hiroshi -- Noguchi, Takaaki -- Okazaki, Ryuji -- Yurimoto, Hisayoshi -- Zolensky, Michael E -- Mukai, Toshifumi -- Abe, Masanao -- Yada, Toru -- Fujimura, Akio -- Yoshikawa, Makoto -- Kawaguchi, Junichiro -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1125-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1207807.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan. akira@ess.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868671" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 8
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    Molecular cloud origin for the oxygen isotope heterogeneity in the solar system (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-18
    Description: Meteorites and their components have anomalous oxygen isotopic compositions characterized by large variations in 18O/16O and 17O/16O ratios. On the basis of recent observations of star-forming regions and models of accreting protoplanetary disks, we suggest that these variations may originate in a parent molecular cloud by ultraviolet photodissociation processes. Materials with anomalous isotopic compositions were then transported into the solar nebula by icy dust grains during the collapse of the cloud. The icy dust grains drifted toward the Sun in the disk, and their subsequent evaporation resulted in the 17O- and 18O-enrichment of the inner disk gas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yurimoto, Hisayoshi -- Kuramoto, Kiyoshi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 17;305(5691):1763-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan. yuri@geo.titech.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15375265" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon Isotopes ; Carbon Monoxide ; Cosmic Dust ; Ice ; *Oxygen Isotopes ; Photochemistry ; Photons ; *Solar System ; Temperature ; Ultraviolet Rays
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 9
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    Oxygen isotopic compositions of asteroidal materials returned from Itokawa by the Hayabusa mission (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: Meteorite studies suggest that each solar system object has a unique oxygen isotopic composition. Chondrites, the most primitive of meteorites, have been believed to be derived from asteroids, but oxygen isotopic compositions of asteroids themselves have not been established. We measured, using secondary ion mass spectrometry, oxygen isotopic compositions of rock particles from asteroid 25143 Itokawa returned by the Hayabusa spacecraft. Compositions of the particles are depleted in (16)O relative to terrestrial materials and indicate that Itokawa, an S-type asteroid, is one of the sources of the LL or L group of equilibrated ordinary chondrites. This is a direct oxygen-isotope link between chondrites and their parent asteroid.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yurimoto, Hisayoshi -- Abe, Ken-ichi -- Abe, Masanao -- Ebihara, Mitsuru -- Fujimura, Akio -- Hashiguchi, Minako -- Hashizume, Ko -- Ireland, Trevor R -- Itoh, Shoichi -- Katayama, Juri -- Kato, Chizu -- Kawaguchi, Junichiro -- Kawasaki, Noriyuki -- Kitajima, Fumio -- Kobayashi, Sachio -- Meike, Tatsuji -- Mukai, Toshifumi -- Nagao, Keisuke -- Nakamura, Tomoki -- Naraoka, Hiroshi -- Noguchi, Takaaki -- Okazaki, Ryuji -- Park, Changkun -- Sakamoto, Naoya -- Seto, Yusuke -- Takei, Masashi -- Tsuchiyama, Akira -- Uesugi, Masayuki -- Wakaki, Shigeyuki -- Yada, Toru -- Yamamoto, Kosuke -- Yoshikawa, Makoto -- Zolensky, Michael E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1116-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1207776.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan. yuri@ep.sci.hokudai.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868668" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Irradiation history of Itokawa regolith material deduced from noble gases in the Hayabusa samples (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: Noble gas isotopes were measured in three rocky grains from asteroid Itokawa to elucidate a history of irradiation from cosmic rays and solar wind on its surface. Large amounts of solar helium (He), neon (Ne), and argon (Ar) trapped in various depths in the grains were observed, which can be explained by multiple implantations of solar wind particles into the grains, combined with preferential He loss caused by frictional wear of space-weathered rims on the grains. Short residence time of less than 8 million years was implied for the grains by an estimate on cosmic-ray-produced (21)Ne. Our results suggest that Itokawa is continuously losing its surface materials into space at a rate of tens of centimeters per million years. The lifetime of Itokawa should be much shorter than the age of our solar system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nagao, Keisuke -- Okazaki, Ryuji -- Nakamura, Tomoki -- Miura, Yayoi N -- Osawa, Takahito -- Bajo, Ken-ichi -- Matsuda, Shintaro -- Ebihara, Mitsuru -- Ireland, Trevor R -- Kitajima, Fumio -- Naraoka, Hiroshi -- Noguchi, Takaaki -- Tsuchiyama, Akira -- Yurimoto, Hisayoshi -- Zolensky, Michael E -- Uesugi, Masayuki -- Shirai, Kei -- Abe, Masanao -- Yada, Toru -- Ishibashi, Yukihiro -- Fujimura, Akio -- Mukai, Toshifumi -- Ueno, Munetaka -- Okada, Tatsuaki -- Yoshikawa, Makoto -- Kawaguchi, Junichiro -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1128-31. doi: 10.1126/science.1207785.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geochemical Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. nagao@eqchem.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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