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  • 1
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    Activin-A activates BMP signaling via FOP-ACVR1 [Medical Sciences] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-16
    Description: Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disease characterized by extraskeletal bone formation through endochondral ossification. FOP patients harbor point mutations in ACVR1 (also known as ALK2), a type I receptor for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). Two mechanisms of mutated ACVR1 (FOP-ACVR1) have been proposed: ligand-independent constitutive activity and...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    EMIC Waves Converted From Equatorial Noise Due to M/Q = 2 Ions in the Plasmasphere: Observations From Van Allen Probes and Arase (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Equatorial noise (EN) emissions are observed inside and outside the plasmapause. EN emissions are referred to as magnetosonic mode waves. Using data from Van Allen Probes and Arase, we found conversion from EN emissions to electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves in the plasmasphere and in the topside ionosphere. A low‐frequency part of EN emissions becomes EMIC waves through branch splitting of EN emissions, and the mode conversion from EN to EMIC waves occurs around the frequency of M/Q = 2 (deuteron and/or alpha particles) cyclotron frequency. These processes result in plasmaspheric EMIC waves. We investigated the ion composition ratio by characteristic frequencies of EN emissions and EMIC waves and obtained ion composition ratios. We found that the maximum composition ratio of M/Q = 2 ions is ~10% below 3,000 km. The quantitative estimation of the ion composition will contribute to improving the plasma model of the deep plasmasphere and the topside ionosphere.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Nematic quantum critical point in FeSe1-xSx [Physics] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-21
    Description: In most unconventional superconductors, the importance of antiferromagnetic fluctuations is widely acknowledged. In addition, cuprate and iron-pnictide high-temperature superconductors often exhibit unidirectional (nematic) electronic correlations, including stripe and orbital orders, whose fluctuations may also play a key role for electron pairing. In these materials, however, such nematic correlations are intertwined...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
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    RETRACTION of: Down-regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase gene expression in lactating mouse mammary gland (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-02
    Print ISSN: 0021-924X
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-2651
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Biochemical Society (JBS).
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  • 5
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    Direct comparison between magnetospheric plasma waves and polar mesosphere winter echoes in both hemispheres (2019)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract We present the first and direct comparison between magnetospheric plasma waves and polar mesosphere winter echoes (PMWE) simultaneously observed by the conjugate observation with Arase satellite and high‐power atmospheric radars in both hemispheres, namely, the Program of the Antarctic Syowa Mesosphere, Stratosphere, and Troposphere/Incoherent Scatter Radar (PANSY) at Syowa Station (SYO; ‐69.00°S, 39.58°E), Antarctica, and the Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System (MAARSY) at Andøya (AND; 69.30°N, 16.04°E), Norway. The PMWE were observed during 03‐07 UT on March 21, 2017, just after the arrival of corotating interaction region (CIR) in front of high‐speed solar wind stream. An isolated substorm occurred at 04 UT during this interval. Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves and whistler‐mode chorus waves were simultaneously observed near the magnetic equator and showed similar temporal variations to that of the PMWE. These results indicate that chorus waves as well as EMIC waves are drivers of precipitation of energetic electrons, including relativistic electrons, which make PMWE detectable at 55‐80 km altitude. Cosmic noise absorption (CNA) measured with a 38.2‐MHz imaging riometer and low‐altitude echoes at 55‐70 km measured with an MF radar at SYO also support the relativistic electron precipitation. We suggest a possible scenario in which the various phenomena observed in near‐Earth space, such as magnetospheric plasma waves (EMIC waves and chorus waves), pulsating auroras, CNA, and PMWE, can be explained by the interaction between the high‐speed solar wind containing CIRs and the magnetosphere.
    Print ISSN: 2169-9380
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-9402
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Processive phosphorylation of ERK MAP kinase in mammalian cells [Biochemistry] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-03
    Description: The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway is comprised of a three-tiered kinase cascade. The distributive kinetic mechanism of two-site MAP kinase phosphorylation inherently generates a nonlinear switch-like response. However, a linear graded response of MAP kinase has also been observed in mammalian cells, and its molecular mechanism remains unclear. To dissect these input-output behaviors, we quantitatively measured the kinetic parameters involved in the MEK (MAPK/ERK kinase)-ERK MAP kinase signaling module in HeLa cells. Using a numerical analysis based on experimentally determined parameters, we predicted in silico and validated in vivo that ERK is processively phosphorylated in HeLa cells. Finally, we identified molecular crowding as a critical factor that converts distributive phosphorylation into processive phosphorylation. We proposed the term quasi-processive phosphorylation to describe this mode of ERK phosphorylation that is operated under the physiological condition of molecular crowding. The generality of this phenomenon may provide a new paradigm for a diverse set of biochemical reactions including multiple posttranslational modifications.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
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    Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves Suggesting Minor Ion Existence in the Inner Magnetosphere Observed by the Akebono Satellite (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-18
    Description: It is well known that electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves exhibit characteristic frequencies on the basis of dispersion relations in multiple component plasma. We present a case of EMIC waves exhibiting a sudden decrease in intensity (“characteristic lower cutoff”) to just above half of the proton cyclotron frequency observed in the vicinity of the geomagnetic equator by the Akebono satellite along its trajectory during a magnetic storm in April 1989. It was found that the waves propagate with a large wave normal angle with respect to the geomagnetic field line and that they had a crossover frequency above the characteristic lower cutoff. Because of stormy conditions, ion constituents were expected to fluctuate, suggesting that the characteristic frequencies of EMIC waves should have been fluctuating as well. However, the characteristic frequencies of each event eddid not vary despite disturbances in the inner magnetosphere, represented by a sudden decrease in the Dst index and electron density fluctuation. In addition, the waves were repeatedly observed within a half day after sudden decreases in Dst; however, they disappeared when the recovery of the Dst index became moderate. Wave generation appears to be closely correlated to fresh energetic particle injection. We study the dispersion relations of EMIC waves under the condition of multiple ion species and suggest the existence of a few percent of alpha particles (He ++ ) or deuterons (D + ), which can explain the lower cutoff of EMIC waves in the inner magnetosphere.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    New statistical analysis of the horizontal phase velocity distribution of gravity waves observed by airglow imaging (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-07-13
    Description: We have developed a new analysis method for obtaining the power spectrum in the horizontal phase velocity domain from airglow intensity image data, to study atmospheric gravity waves. This method can deal with extensive amounts of imaging data obtained on different years and at various observation sites, without bias caused by different event extraction criteria for the person processing the data. The new method was applied to sodium airglow data obtained in 2011 at Syowa Station (69ºS, 40ºE), Antarctica. The results were compared with those obtained from a conventional event analysis in which the phase fronts were traced manually in order to estimate horizontal characteristics, such as wavelengths, phase velocities, and wave periods. The horizontal phase velocity of each wave event in the airglow images corresponded closely to a peak in the spectrum. The statistical results of spectral analysis showed an eastward offset of the horizontal phase velocity distribution. This could be interpreted as the existence of wave sources around the stratospheric eastward jet. Similar zonal anisotropy was also seen in the horizontal phase velocity distribution of the gravity waves by the event analysis. Both methods produce similar statistical results about directionality of atmospheric gravity waves. Galactic contamination of the spectrum was examined by calculating the apparent velocity of the stars, and found to be limited for phase speeds lower than 30 m/s. In conclusion, our new method is suitable for deriving the horizontal phase velocity characteristics of atmospheric gravity waves from an extensive amount of imaging data.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
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    The male mouse pheromone ESP1 enhances female sexual receptive behaviour through a specific vomeronasal receptor (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-07-03
    Description: Various social behaviours in mice are regulated by chemical signals called pheromones that act through the vomeronasal system. Exocrine gland-secreting peptide 1 (ESP1) is a 7-kDa peptide that is released into male tear fluids and stimulates vomeronasal sensory neurons in female mice. Here, we describe the molecular and neural mechanisms that are involved in the decoding of ESP1 signals in the vomeronasal system, which leads to behavioural output in female mice. ESP1 is recognized by a specific vomeronasal receptor, V2Rp5, and the ligand-receptor interaction results in sex-specific signal transmission to the amygdaloid and hypothalamic nuclei via the accessory olfactory bulb. Consequently, ESP1 enhances female sexual receptive behaviour upon male mounting (lordosis), allowing successful copulation. In V2Rp5-deficient mice, ESP1 induces neither neural activation nor sexual behaviour. These findings show that ESP1 is a crucial male pheromone that regulates female reproductive behaviour through a specific receptor in the mouse vomeronasal system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haga, Sachiko -- Hattori, Tatsuya -- Sato, Toru -- Sato, Koji -- Matsuda, Soichiro -- Kobayakawa, Reiko -- Sakano, Hitoshi -- Yoshihara, Yoshihiro -- Kikusui, Takefumi -- Touhara, Kazushige -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 1;466(7302):118-22. doi: 10.1038/nature09142.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20596023" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/cytology/metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/metabolism ; Pheromones/*metabolism ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism ; Receptors, Odorant/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Pheromone/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; TRPC Cation Channels/deficiency ; Vomeronasal Organ/cytology/innervation/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 10
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    Irradiation history of Itokawa regolith material deduced from noble gases in the Hayabusa samples (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: Noble gas isotopes were measured in three rocky grains from asteroid Itokawa to elucidate a history of irradiation from cosmic rays and solar wind on its surface. Large amounts of solar helium (He), neon (Ne), and argon (Ar) trapped in various depths in the grains were observed, which can be explained by multiple implantations of solar wind particles into the grains, combined with preferential He loss caused by frictional wear of space-weathered rims on the grains. Short residence time of less than 8 million years was implied for the grains by an estimate on cosmic-ray-produced (21)Ne. Our results suggest that Itokawa is continuously losing its surface materials into space at a rate of tens of centimeters per million years. The lifetime of Itokawa should be much shorter than the age of our solar system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nagao, Keisuke -- Okazaki, Ryuji -- Nakamura, Tomoki -- Miura, Yayoi N -- Osawa, Takahito -- Bajo, Ken-ichi -- Matsuda, Shintaro -- Ebihara, Mitsuru -- Ireland, Trevor R -- Kitajima, Fumio -- Naraoka, Hiroshi -- Noguchi, Takaaki -- Tsuchiyama, Akira -- Yurimoto, Hisayoshi -- Zolensky, Michael E -- Uesugi, Masayuki -- Shirai, Kei -- Abe, Masanao -- Yada, Toru -- Ishibashi, Yukihiro -- Fujimura, Akio -- Mukai, Toshifumi -- Ueno, Munetaka -- Okada, Tatsuaki -- Yoshikawa, Makoto -- Kawaguchi, Junichiro -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1128-31. doi: 10.1126/science.1207785.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geochemical Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. nagao@eqchem.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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