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  • 1
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    Intergenerational wealth transmission and the dynamics of inequality in small-scale societies (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-11
    Description: Small-scale human societies range from foraging bands with a strong egalitarian ethos to more economically stratified agrarian and pastoral societies. We explain this variation in inequality using a dynamic model in which a population's long-run steady-state level of inequality depends on the extent to which its most important forms of wealth are transmitted within families across generations. We estimate the degree of intergenerational transmission of three different types of wealth (material, embodied, and relational), as well as the extent of wealth inequality in 21 historical and contemporary populations. We show that intergenerational transmission of wealth and wealth inequality are substantial among pastoral and small-scale agricultural societies (on a par with or even exceeding the most unequal modern industrial economies) but are limited among horticultural and foraging peoples (equivalent to the most egalitarian of modern industrial populations). Differences in the technology by which a people derive their livelihood and in the institutions and norms making up the economic system jointly contribute to this pattern.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2792081/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2792081/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Borgerhoff Mulder, Monique -- Bowles, Samuel -- Hertz, Tom -- Bell, Adrian -- Beise, Jan -- Clark, Greg -- Fazzio, Ila -- Gurven, Michael -- Hill, Kim -- Hooper, Paul L -- Irons, William -- Kaplan, Hillard -- Leonetti, Donna -- Low, Bobbi -- Marlowe, Frank -- McElreath, Richard -- Naidu, Suresh -- Nolin, David -- Piraino, Patrizio -- Quinlan, Rob -- Schniter, Eric -- Sear, Rebecca -- Shenk, Mary -- Smith, Eric Alden -- von Rueden, Christopher -- Wiessner, Polly -- R01 AG024119-01/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R24 HD042828/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R24 HD042828-10/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32 HD007168-31/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32 HD007543/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32 HD007543-10/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 30;326(5953):682-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1178336.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology and Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. mborgerhoffmulder@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900925" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anthropology, Cultural ; Humans ; *Models, Economic ; *Social Class
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Anthropology: it can be interdisciplinary (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Eric Alden -- Gurven, Michael -- Mulder, Monique Borgerhoff -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 24;471(7339):448. doi: 10.1038/471448b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21430761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anthropology/*methods ; *Interdisciplinary Studies
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Costly punishment across human societies (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-24
    Description: Recent behavioral experiments aimed at understanding the evolutionary foundations of human cooperation have suggested that a willingness to engage in costly punishment, even in one-shot situations, may be part of human psychology and a key element in understanding our sociality. However, because most experiments have been confined to students in industrialized societies, generalizations of these insights to the species have necessarily been tentative. Here, experimental results from 15 diverse populations show that (i) all populations demonstrate some willingness to administer costly punishment as unequal behavior increases, (ii) the magnitude of this punishment varies substantially across populations, and (iii) costly punishment positively covaries with altruistic behavior across populations. These findings are consistent with models of the gene-culture coevolution of human altruism and further sharpen what any theory of human cooperation needs to explain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Henrich, Joseph -- McElreath, Richard -- Barr, Abigail -- Ensminger, Jean -- Barrett, Clark -- Bolyanatz, Alexander -- Cardenas, Juan Camilo -- Gurven, Michael -- Gwako, Edwins -- Henrich, Natalie -- Lesorogol, Carolyn -- Marlowe, Frank -- Tracer, David -- Ziker, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1767-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, Emory University, 1557 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. jhenric@emory.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794075" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Age Factors ; *Altruism ; *Biological Evolution ; Cooperative Behavior ; Cross-Cultural Comparison ; *Cultural Evolution ; Educational Status ; Female ; Games, Experimental ; Humans ; Male ; Melanesia ; *Punishment ; Regression Analysis ; Sex Factors ; Siberia ; Social Behavior ; Socioeconomic Factors ; South America ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Markets, religion, community size, and the evolution of fairness and punishment (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-20
    Description: Large-scale societies in which strangers regularly engage in mutually beneficial transactions are puzzling. The evolutionary mechanisms associated with kinship and reciprocity, which underpin much of primate sociality, do not readily extend to large unrelated groups. Theory suggests that the evolution of such societies may have required norms and institutions that sustain fairness in ephemeral exchanges. If that is true, then engagement in larger-scale institutions, such as markets and world religions, should be associated with greater fairness, and larger communities should punish unfairness more. Using three behavioral experiments administered across 15 diverse populations, we show that market integration (measured as the percentage of purchased calories) positively covaries with fairness while community size positively covaries with punishment. Participation in a world religion is associated with fairness, although not across all measures. These results suggest that modern prosociality is not solely the product of an innate psychology, but also reflects norms and institutions that have emerged over the course of human history.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Henrich, Joseph -- Ensminger, Jean -- McElreath, Richard -- Barr, Abigail -- Barrett, Clark -- Bolyanatz, Alexander -- Cardenas, Juan Camilo -- Gurven, Michael -- Gwako, Edwins -- Henrich, Natalie -- Lesorogol, Carolyn -- Marlowe, Frank -- Tracer, David -- Ziker, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 19;327(5972):1480-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1182238.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada. henrich@psych.ubc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20299588" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Commerce ; Cooperative Behavior ; Cross-Cultural Comparison ; *Cultural Evolution ; Female ; Games, Experimental ; Humans ; Male ; Population Density ; *Punishment ; *Religion ; *Residence Characteristics ; *Social Behavior ; Socioeconomic Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Helminth infection, fecundity, and age of first pregnancy in women (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-21
    Description: Infection with intestinal helminths results in immunological changes that influence co-infections, and might influence fecundity by inducing immunological states affecting conception and pregnancy. We investigated associations between intestinal helminths and fertility in women, using 9 years of longitudinal data from 986 Bolivian forager-horticulturalists, experiencing natural fertility and 70% helminth prevalence. We found that different species of helminth are associated with contrasting effects on fecundity. Infection with roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides) is associated with earlier first births and shortened interbirth intervals, whereas infection with hookworm is associated with delayed first pregnancy and extended interbirth intervals. Thus, helminths may have important effects on human fertility that reflect physiological and immunological consequences of infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blackwell, Aaron D -- Tamayo, Marilyne A -- Beheim, Bret -- Trumble, Benjamin C -- Stieglitz, Jonathan -- Hooper, Paul L -- Martin, Melanie -- Kaplan, Hillard -- Gurven, Michael -- P01AG022500/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01AG024119/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R56AG024119/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 20;350(6263):970-2. doi: 10.1126/science.aac7902.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia. Broom Center for Demography, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. blackwell@anth.ucsb.edu. ; Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. ; Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia. Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. ; Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia. Broom Center for Demography, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. Center for Evolutionary Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA. ; Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia. Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse, France. ; Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia. Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. ; Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia. Broom Center for Demography, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26586763" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Ascariasis/epidemiology/immunology ; Ascaris lumbricoides/immunology ; Bolivia/epidemiology ; Coinfection ; Female ; Fertility/*immunology/physiology ; Gravidity/*immunology/physiology ; Helminthiasis/*immunology ; Humans ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology/*immunology ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Genetic traces of ancient demography (1998)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-17
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
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    Reply to van Hoorn: Converging lines of evidence (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2012-06-18
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    Culture does account for variation in game behavior (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-04
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 9
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    Adaptive personality calibration in a human society: effects of embodied capital on prosocial traits (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-07-09
    Description: Evolutionary theories of personality origins have stimulated much empirical research in recent years, but pertinent data from small-scale human societies have been in short supply. We investigate adaptively patterned personality variation among Tsimane’ forager-horticulturalists. Based on a consideration of cost-benefit tradeoffs that likely maintain variation in human prosociality, we hypothesize that individual differences in prosocial personality traits are facultatively calibrated to variation in "embodied capital"—that is, knowledge, skills, or somatic traits that increase expected future fitness. In support of this hypothesis, 2 components of embodied capital—physical strength and formal education—associated positively with Tsimane’ prosocial leadership orientation (PLO), a broad personality dimension representing gregarious cooperation, interpersonal warmth, and pursuit of leadership. Moreover, using pedigrees to compute heritability estimates, strength and education had additive effects on the heritable variance in PLO, which suggests that prosocial traits may be "reactively heritable" by virtue of their calibration to condition-dependent components of embodied capital. Although alternative explanations must be falsified in future research, our findings 1) provide one of the first demonstrations of adaptively patterned personality variation in a small-scale society and 2) illustrate the potential power of an adaptationist approach to elucidate the causal underpinnings of heritable personality variation.
    Print ISSN: 1045-2249
    Electronic ISSN: 1465-7279
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Culture does account for variation in game behavior [Letters (Online Only)] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2012-01-12
    Description: Lamba and Mace's critique (1) of our research (2–4) is based on incorrect claims about our experiments and several misunderstandings of the theory underpinning our efforts. Their findings are consistent with our previous work and lead to no unique conclusions.Lambda and Mace (1) incorrectly claimed that we “mostly” sampled from single communities within sites, and that we ignored “ecological” and “demographic” variables. In fact, much of our work focused on studying the variation among communities within sites. In phase I (2), 8 of 15 sites involved multiple communities, and in phase II (3, 4), 11 of our 16 sites sampled...
    Keywords: Letters
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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