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  • 1
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    Methane Post-Processing for Oxygen Loop Closure (2016)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: State-of-the-art United States Atmospheric Revitalization carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction is based on the Sabatier reaction process, which recovers approximately 50% of the oxygen (O2) from crew metabolic CO2. Oxygen recovery from carbon dioxide is constrained by the limited availability of reactant hydrogen. Post-processing of methane to recover hydrogen with the Umpqua Research Company Plasma Pyrolysis Assembly (PPA) has the potential to further close the Atmospheric Revitalization oxygen loop. The PPA decomposes methane into hydrogen and hydrocarbons, predominantly acetylene, and a small amount of solid carbon. The hydrogen must then be purified before it can be recycled for additional oxygen recovery. Long duration testing and evaluation of a four crew-member sized PPA and a discussion of hydrogen recycling system architectures are presented.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: M16-4972 , International Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 10, 2016 - Jul 14, 2016; Vienna; Austria
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    An Approach for Hydrogen Recycling in a Closed-loop Life Support Architecture to Increase Oxygen Recovery Beyond State-of-the-Art (2014)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: Stateoftheart atmosphere revitalization life support technology on the International Space Station is theoretically capable of recovering 50% of the oxygen from metabolic carbon dioxide via the Carbon Dioxide Reduction Assembly (CRA). When coupled with a Plasma Pyrolysis Assembly (PPA), oxygen recovery increases dramatically, thus drastically reducing the logistical challenges associated with oxygen resupply. The PPA decomposes methane to predominantly form hydrogen and acetylene. Because of the unstable nature of acetylene, a downstream separation system is required to remove acetylene from the hydrogen stream before it is recycled to the CRA. A new closedloop architecture that includes a PPA and downstream Hydrogen Purification Assembly (HyPA) is proposed and discussed. Additionally, initial results of separation material testing are reported.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: M13-3083 , International Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 13, 2014 - Jul 17, 2014; Tuscon, AZ; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Series-Bosch Technology for Oxygen Recovery During Lunar or Martian Surface Missions (2014)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Long-duration surface missions to the Moon or Mars will require life support systems that maximize resource recovery to minimize resupply from Earth. To address this need, NASA previously proposed a Series-Bosch (S-Bosch) oxygen recovery system, based on the Bosch process, which can theoretically recover 100% of the oxygen from metabolic carbon dioxide. Bosch processes have the added benefits of the potential to recover oxygen from atmospheric carbon dioxide and the use of regolith materials as catalysts, thereby eliminating the need for catalyst resupply from Earth. In 2012, NASA completed an initial design for an S-Bosch development test stand that incorporates two catalytic reactors in series including a Reverse Water-Gas Shift (RWGS) Reactor and a Carbon Formation Reactor (CFR). In 2013, fabrication of system components, with the exception of a CFR, and assembly of the test stand was initiated. Stand-alone testing of the RWGS reactor was completed to compare performance with design models. Continued testing of Lunar and Martian regolith simulants provided sufficient data to design a CFR intended to utilize these materials as catalysts. Finally, a study was conducted to explore the possibility of producing bricks from spent regolith catalysts. The results of initial demonstration testing of the RWGS reactor, results of continued catalyst performance testing of regolith simulants, and results of brick material properties testing are reported. Additionally, design considerations for a regolith-based CFR are discussed.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: ICES-2014-160 , M14-3693 , International Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 13, 2014 - Jul 17, 2014; Tuscon, AZ; United States
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  • 4
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    Series-Bosch Technology For Oxygen Recovery During Lunar or Martian Surface Missions (2014)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: M14-3855 , International Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 13, 2014 - Jul 17, 2014; Tuscon, AZ; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Next Generation Life Support Project Status (2014)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Next Generation Life Support (NGLS) is one of over twenty technology development projects sponsored by NASA's Game Changing Development Program. The NGLS Project develops selected life support technologies needed for humans to live and work productively in space, with focus on technologies for future use in spacecraft cabin and space suit applications. Over the last three years, NGLS had five main project elements: Variable Oxygen Regulator (VOR), Rapid Cycle Amine (RCA) swing bed, High Performance (HP) Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Glove, Alternative Water Processor (AWP) and Series-Bosch Carbon Dioxide Reduction. The RCA swing bed, VOR and HP EVA Glove tasks are directed at key technology needs for the Portable Life Support System (PLSS) and pressure garment for an Advanced Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU). Focus is on prototyping and integrated testing in cooperation with the Advanced Exploration Systems (AES) Advanced EVA Project. The HP EVA Glove Element, new this fiscal year, includes the generation of requirements and standards to guide development and evaluation of new glove designs. The AWP and Bosch efforts focus on regenerative technologies to further close spacecraft cabin atmosphere revitalization and water recovery loops and to meet technology maturation milestones defined in NASA's Space Technology Roadmaps. These activities are aimed at increasing affordability, reliability, and vehicle self-sufficiency while decreasing mass and mission cost, supporting a capability-driven architecture for extending human presence beyond low-Earth orbit, along a human path toward Mars. This paper provides a status of current technology development activities with a brief overview of future plans.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support; Space Transportation and Safety
    Type: JSC-CN-31298 , International Conference on Environmental Systems (ICES 2014); Jul 13, 2014 - Jul 17, 2014; Tucson, Arizona; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Methane Post-Processor Development to Increase Oxygen Recovery beyond State-of-the-Art Carbon Dioxide Reduction Technology (2013)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: State-oftheart life support carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction technology, based on the Sabatier reaction, is theoretically capable of 50% recovery of oxygen from metabolic CO2. This recovery is constrained by the limited availability of reactant hydrogen. Postprocessing of the methane byproduct from the Sabatier reactor results in hydrogen recycle and a subsequent increase in oxygen recovery. For this purpose, a Methane PostProcessor Assembly containing three subsystems has been developed and tested. The assembly includes a Methane Purification Assembly (MePA) to remove residual CO2 and water vapor from the Sabatier product stream, a Plasma Pyrolysis Assembly (PPA) to partially pyrolyze methane into hydrogen and acetylene, and an Acetylene Separation Assembly (ASepA) to purify the hydrogen product for recycle. The results of partially integrated testing of the subsystems are reported
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: M13-2673 , International Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 14, 2013 - Jul 18, 2013; Vail, CO; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Functional Performance of an Enabling Atmosphere Revitalization Subsystem Architecture for Deep Space Exploration Missions (2013)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A subsystem architecture derived from the International Space Station's (ISS) Atmosphere Revitalization Subsystem (ARS) has been functionally demonstrated. This ISS-derived architecture features re-arranged unit operations for trace contaminant control and carbon dioxide removal functions, a methane purification component as a precursor to enhance resource recovery over ISS capability, operational modifications to a water electrolysis-based oxygen generation assembly, and an alternative major atmospheric constituent monitoring concept. Results from this functional demonstration are summarized and compared to the performance observed during ground-based testing conducted on an ISS-like subsystem architecture. Considerations for further subsystem architecture and process technology development are discussed.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: M13-2623 , AIAA International Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 14, 2013 - Jul 18, 2013; Vail, CO; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Demonstration of Robustness and Integrated Operation of a Series-Bosch System (2016)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Manned missions beyond low Earth orbit will require highly robust, reliable, and maintainable life support systems that maximize recycling of water and oxygen. Bosch technology is one option to maximize oxygen recovery, in the form of water, from metabolically-produced carbon dioxide (CO2). A two stage approach to Bosch, called Series-Bosch, reduces metabolic CO2 with hydrogen (H2) to produce water and solid carbon using two reactors: a Reverse Water-Gas Shift (RWGS) reactor and a carbon formation (CF) reactor. Previous development efforts demonstrated the stand-alone performance of a RWGS reactor containing Incofoam(TradeMark) catalyst and designed for robustness against carbon formation, two membrane separators intended to maximize single pass conversion of reactants, and a batch CF reactor with both transit and surface catalysts. In the past year, Precision Combustion, Inc. (PCI) developed and delivered a RWGS reactor for testing at NASA. The reactor design was based on their patented Microlith(TradeMark) technology and was first evaluated under a Phase I Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) effort in 2010. The Microlith(TradeMark) RWGS reactor was recently evaluated at NASA to compare its performance and operating conditions with the Incofoam(TradeMark) RWGS reactor. Separately, in 2015, a fully integrated demonstration of an S-Bosch system was conducted. In an effort to mitigate risk, a second integrated test was conducted to evaluate the effect of membrane failure on a closed-loop Bosch system. Here, we report and discuss the performance and robustness to carbon formation of both RWGS reactors. We report the results of the integrated operation of a Series-Bosch system and we discuss the technology readiness level. 1
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: ICES-2016-262 , M16-5351 , International Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 10, 2016 - Jul 14, 2016; Vienna; Austria
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  • 9
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    Demonstration of Robustness and Integrated Operation of a Series-Bosch System (2016)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Physics (General)
    Type: M16-5400 , International Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 10, 2016 - Jul 14, 2016; Vienna; Austria
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Advanced Oxygen Recovery via Series-Bosch Technology (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: ICES-2015-82 , M15-4754 , International Conference on Environmental Systems (ICES 2015); Jul 12, 2015 - Jul 16, 2015; Bellevue, WA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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