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  • 1
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    Lessons Learned from the Development and Implementation of the Atmosphere Resource Recovery and Environmental Monitoring Project (2014)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Advanced Exploration Systems (AES) Program's Atmosphere Resource Recovery and Environmental Monitoring (ARREM) Project have been developing atmosphere revitalization and environmental monitoring subsystem architectures suitable for enabling sustained crewed exploration missions beyond low Earth orbit (LEO). Using the International Space Station state-of-the-art (SOA) as the technical basis, the ARREM Project has contributed to technical advances that improve affordability, reliability, and functional efficiency while reducing dependence on a ground-based logistics resupply model. Functional demonstrations have merged new process technologies and concepts with existing ISS developmental hardware and operate them in a controlled environment simulating various crew metabolic loads. The ARREM Project's strengths include access to a full complement of existing developmental hardware that perform all the core atmosphere revitalization functions, unique testing facilities to evaluate subsystem performance, and a coordinated partnering effort among six NASA field centers and industry partners to provide the innovative expertise necessary to succeed. A project overview is provided and the project management strategies that have enabled a multidiscipinary engineering team to work efficiently across project, NASA field center, and industry boundaries to achieve the project's technical goals are discussed. Lessons learned and best practices relating to the project are presented and discussed.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: M14-3893 , AIAA Space 2014; Aug 04, 2014 - Aug 07, 2014; San Diego, CA; United States
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  • 2
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    Functional Performance of an Enabling Atmosphere Revitalization Subsystem Architecture for Deep Space Exploration Missions (2013)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A subsystem architecture derived from the International Space Station's (ISS) Atmosphere Revitalization Subsystem (ARS) has been functionally demonstrated. This ISS-derived architecture features re-arranged unit operations for trace contaminant control and carbon dioxide removal functions, a methane purification component as a precursor to enhance resource recovery over ISS capability, operational modifications to a water electrolysis-based oxygen generation assembly, and an alternative major atmospheric constituent monitoring concept. Results from this functional demonstration are summarized and compared to the performance observed during ground-based testing conducted on an ISS-like subsystem architecture. Considerations for further subsystem architecture and process technology development are discussed.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: M13-2623 , AIAA International Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 14, 2013 - Jul 18, 2013; Vail, CO; United States
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  • 3
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    Design, Development, Test, and Evaluation of Atmosphere Revitalization and Environmental Monitoring Systems for Long Duration Missions (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Advanced Exploration Systems Program's Atmosphere Resource Recovery and Environmental Monitoring (ARREM) project is working to mature optimum atmosphere revitalization and environmental monitoring system architectures. It is the project's objective to enable exploration beyond Lower Earth Orbit (LEO) and improve affordability by focusing on three primary goals: 1) achieving high reliability, 2) reducing dependence on a ground-based logistics resupply model, and 3) maximizing commonality between atmosphere revitalization subsystem components and those needed to support other exploration elements. The ARREM project's strengths include using existing developmental hardware and testing facilities, when possible, and and a well-coordinated effort among the NASA field centers that contributed to past ARS and EMS technology development projects.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: M12-2073 , M12-2106 , AIAA Space 2012 Conference and Exposition; Sep 11, 2012 - Sep 13, 2012; Pasadena, CA; United States
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  • 4
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    Monitoring of Microbial Loads During Long Duration Missions as a Risk Reduction Tool (2011)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: Humans have been exploring space for more than 40 years. For all those years microorganisms have accompanied, first un-manned spacecraft/cargo and later manned vessels. Microorganisms are everywhere on Earth, could easily adapt to new environments and/or can rapidly mutate to survive in very harsh conditions. Their presence in spacecraft and cargo have caused a few inconveniences over the years of humans spaceflight, ranging from crew health, life support systems challenges and material degradation. The sterilization of spacecraft that will host humans in long duration mission would be a costly operation that will not provide a long-term solution to the microbial colonization of the vessels. As soon as a human is exposed to the spacecraft, during the mission, microorganisms will start to populate the new environment. As the hum an presence in space increases in length, the risk from the microbial load, to hardware and crew will also increase. Mitigation of this risk includes several different strategies that will include minimizing the microbial load (in numbers and diversity) and monitoring. This presentation will provide a list of the risk mitigation strategies that should be implemented during ground processing, and during the mission. It will also discuss the areas that should be discussed before an effective in-flight microbial monitoring regimen is implemented. Microbial monitoring technologies will also be presented.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: M11-0798 , 5th IAASS Conference: A Safer Space for a Safer World; Oct 17, 2011 - Oct 19, 2011; Paris; France
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  • 5
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    Centennial Challenges Program Update: From Humanoids to 3D-Printing Houses on Mars, How the Public Can Advance Technologies for NASA and the Nation (2018)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Centennial Challenges (CC) program, part of NASA's Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD), was founded upon the principle that engaging the public at large was a very important part of garnering the true magnitude of grassroots American innovation and ingenuity. The program uses a focused problem-statement approach to obtain solutions and/or stimulate innovation in key NASA technology gaps by catalyzing sources outside of the traditional aerospace community. The CC program announced the first two challenge competitions in 2005 incentivizing the public to participate using a congressionally authorized prize purse. Since then, the program has developed and executed more than 18 competitions and has awarded over $9 million in prize money. The challenges have covered a variety of technology areas, including propulsion, robotics, communications and navigation, human health, science instrumentation, nanotech, materials and structures, and aerodynamics. Centennial Challenges' accomplishments from October 2016 to December 2017--including significant increases in the amount and diversity of participants; increase in prize purse awards; strong alignments with NASA missions; and partnerships with industry, academia, and other government agencies-are summarized in this paper. Technological advancements, communication strategies, and legal authority are also discussed. NASA is leading the government agencies in the area of prizes and competitions to push technologies, and the CC program is one powerful example of NASA's continuing commitment to technological advancement and innovation through non-traditional programs. Currently, the Agency has in place the proven infrastructure, policies, and people needed to enable the successful use of competition tools, including the ones used as part of the CC program.
    Keywords: Space Sciences (General)
    Type: MSFC-E-DAA-TN60002 , Space and Astronautics Forum (AIAA SPACE Forum); Sep 17, 2018 - Sep 19, 2018; Orlando, FL; United States
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  • 6
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    NASA Centennial Challenges Program: A Crowdsourcing Tool to Advance Life Support Technologies for Future NASA Missions (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: Historically, competitions and prizes such as those executed by the NASA Centennial Challenges (CC) program have created broader avenues through which to spur innovation from unlikely sources. In 2005, Congress amended the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 to authorize NASA to create challenges through which prizes could be awarded to United States citizens or entities that succeeded in meeting the challenge objectives. Over the past 13 years, the CC program has initiated more than 19 challenges in a variety of technology areas, including propulsion, robotics, communications and navigation, human health, science instrumentation, nanotech, materials/structures and aerodynamics. This paper will discuss the status and the accomplishments of the CC program and discuss results of an ideation process designed to identify and formulate topics for a potential Centennial Challenge competition targeting a life support technology gap for future long-term exploration missions. Status of this challenge formulation process with information on how to use crowdsourcing tools will be discussed. An overview of the CC Programs accomplishments, including strategic objectives, past challenges, and current challenge development and execution. This program exemplifies the values that have formed the bedrock of the culture at NASA since the beginning: innovation, imagination, and a passion for exploration.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: MSFC-E-DAA-TN68902 , International Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 07, 2019 - Jul 11, 2019; Boston, MA; United States
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  • 7
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    Overview of Microbial Monitoring Technologies Considered for Use Inside Long Duration Spaceflights and Planetary Habitats (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: The purpose of this presentation is to start a conversation including the Crew Health, ECLSS, and Planetary Protection communities about the best approach for inflight microbial monitoring as part of a risk mitigation strategy to prevent forward and back contamination while protecting the crew and vehicle.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance; Space Transportation and Safety
    Type: JSC-CN-33158 , Workshop on Planetary Protection Knowledge Gaps for Human Extraterrestrial Missions; Mar 24, 2015 - Mar 26, 2015; Moffett Field, CA; United States
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  • 8
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    Assessment of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion Potential in the International Space Station Internal Active Thermal Control System Heat Exchanger Materials: A 6-Momths Study (2005)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The fluid in the Internal Active Thermal Control System (IATCS) of the International Space Station (ISS) is water based. The fluid in the ISS Laboratory Module and Node 1 initially contained a mix of water, phosphate (corrosion control), borate (pH buffer), and silver sulfate (Ag2SO4) (microbial control) at a pH of 9.5+/-0.5. Over time, the chemistry of the fluid changed. Fluid changes included a pH drop from 9.5 to 8.3 due to diffusion of carbon dioxide (CO2) through Teflon(reistered Trademark) (DuPont) hoses, increases in dissolved nickel (Ni) levels, deposition of silver (Ag) to metal surfaces, and precipitation of the phosphate (PO4) as nickel phosphate (NiPO4). The drop in pH and unavailability of a antimicrobial has provided an environment conducive to microbial growth. Microbial levels in the fluid have increased from 〉10 colony-forming units (CFUs)/100 ml to 10(exp 6) CFUs/100 ml. The heat exchangers in the IATCS loops are considered the weakest point in the loop because of the material thickness (=7 mil). It is made of a Ni-based braze filler/CRES 347. Results of a preliminary test performed at Hamilton Sundstrand indicated the possibility of pitting on this material at locations where Ag deposits were found. Later, tests have confirmed that chemical corrosion of the materials is a concern for this system. Accumulation of micro-organisms on surfaces (biofilm) can also result in material degradation and can amplify the damage caused by the chemical corrosion, known as microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). This paper will discuss the results of a 6-mo test performed to characterize and quantify the damage from microbial accumulation on the surface of the ISS/ATCS heat exchanger materials. The test was designed to quantify the damage to the materials under worst-case conditions with and without micro-organisms present at pH 8.3 and 9.5.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: SAE-05ICES-78 , International Conference on Environmental Systems (ICES); Jul 11, 2005 - Jul 14, 2005; Rome; Italy
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  • 9
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    Assessment of the Microbial Control Measures for the Temperature and Humidity Control Subsystem Condensing Heat Exchanger of the International Space Station (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In August 1997 NASA/ Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) began a test with the objective of monitoring the growth of microorganisms on material simulating the surface of the International Space Station (ISS) Temperature and Humidity Control (THC) Condensing Heat Exchanger (CHX). The test addressed the concerns of potential uncontrolled microbial growth on the surface of the THC CHX subsystem. For this study, humidity condensate from a closed manned environment was used as a direct challenge to the surfaces of six cascades in a test set-up. The condensate was collected using a Shuttle-type CHX within the MSFC End-Use Equipment Testing Facility. Panels in four of the six cascades tested were coated with the ISS CHX silver impregnated hydrophilic coating. The remainder two cascade panels were coated with the hydrophilic coating without the antimicrobial component, silver. Results of the fourteen-month study are discussed in this paper. The effects on the microbial population when drying vs. not-drying the simulated THC CHX surface are also discussed.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: Environmental Systems; Jul 12, 1999 - Jul 15, 1999; Denver, CO; United States
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  • 10
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    Portable Fan Assembly for the International Space Station (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: NASA/ Marshall Space Flight Center (NASA/MSFC) is responsible for the design and fabrication of a Portable Fan Assembly (PFA) for the International Space Station (ISS). The PFA will be used to enhance ventilation inside the ISS modules as needed for crew comfort and for rack rotation. The PFA consists of the fan on-orbit replaceable unit (ORU) and two noise suppression packages (silencers). The fan ORU will have a mechanical interface with the Seat Track Equipment Anchor Assembly, in addition to the power supply module which includes a DC-DC converter, on/standby switch, speed control, power cable and connector. This paper provides a brief development history, including the criteria used for the fan, and a detailed description of the PFA operational configurations. Space Station requirements as well as fan performance characteristics are also discussed.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: Environmental Systems; Jul 01, 1999; Denver, CO; United States
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