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  • 1
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    Restriction-modification system with methyl-inhibited base excision and abasic-site cleavage activities (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-14
    Description: The restriction-modification systems use epigenetic modification to distinguish between self and nonself DNA. A modification enzyme transfers a methyl group to a base in a specific DNA sequence while its cognate restriction enzyme introduces breaks in DNA lacking this methyl group. So far, all the restriction enzymes hydrolyze phosphodiester bonds linking the monomer units of DNA. We recently reported that a restriction enzyme (R.PabI) of the PabI superfamily with half-pipe fold has DNA glycosylase activity that excises an adenine base in the recognition sequence (5'-GTAC). We now found a second activity in this enzyme: at the resulting apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) (abasic) site (5'-GT#C, # = AP), its AP lyase activity generates an atypical strand break. Although the lyase activity is weak and lacks sequence specificity, its covalent DNA–R.PabI reaction intermediates can be trapped by NaBH 4 reduction. The base excision is not coupled with the strand breakage and yet causes restriction because the restriction enzyme action can impair transformation ability of unmethylated DNA even in the absence of strand breaks in vitro . The base excision of R.PabI is inhibited by methylation of the target adenine base. These findings expand our understanding of genetic and epigenetic processes linking those in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Mutational analysis of structural elements in a class-I cyclic di-GMP riboswitch to elucidate its regulatory mechanism (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-27
    Description: The Vc2 riboswitch possesses an aptamer domain belonging to the class-I c-di-GMP riboswitch family. This domain has been analysed and the molecular mechanism by which it recognizes the c-di-GMP ligand has been elucidated. On the other hand, the regulatory mechanism of the full-length Vc2 riboswitch to control its downstream open reading frame (ORF) remains largely unknown. In this study, we performed in vivo reporter assays and in vitro biochemical analyses of the full-length riboswitch and its aptamer domain. We evaluated the results of in vivo and in vitro analyses to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of the Vc2 riboswitch. The present results suggest that recognition of c-di-GMP ligand by the Vc2 riboswitch aptamer domain downregulates expression of its downstream ORF primarily at the translational level.
    Print ISSN: 0021-924X
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-2651
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Biochemical Society (JBS).
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  • 3
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    In vitro and in vivo characterization of new swine-origin H1N1 influenza viruses (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-13
    Description: Influenza A viruses cause recurrent outbreaks at local or global scale with potentially severe consequences for human health and the global economy. Recently, a new strain of influenza A virus was detected that causes disease in and transmits among humans, probably owing to little or no pre-existing immunity to the new strain. On 11 June 2009 the World Health Organization declared that the infections caused by the new strain had reached pandemic proportion. Characterized as an influenza A virus of the H1N1 subtype, the genomic segments of the new strain were most closely related to swine viruses. Most human infections with swine-origin H1N1 influenza viruses (S-OIVs) seem to be mild; however, a substantial number of hospitalized individuals do not have underlying health issues, attesting to the pathogenic potential of S-OIVs. To achieve a better assessment of the risk posed by the new virus, we characterized one of the first US S-OIV isolates, A/California/04/09 (H1N1; hereafter referred to as CA04), as well as several other S-OIV isolates, in vitro and in vivo. In mice and ferrets, CA04 and other S-OIV isolates tested replicate more efficiently than a currently circulating human H1N1 virus. In addition, CA04 replicates efficiently in non-human primates, causes more severe pathological lesions in the lungs of infected mice, ferrets and non-human primates than a currently circulating human H1N1 virus, and transmits among ferrets. In specific-pathogen-free miniature pigs, CA04 replicates without clinical symptoms. The assessment of human sera from different age groups suggests that infection with human H1N1 viruses antigenically closely related to viruses circulating in 1918 confers neutralizing antibody activity to CA04. Finally, we show that CA04 is sensitive to approved and experimental antiviral drugs, suggesting that these compounds could function as a first line of defence against the recently declared S-OIV pandemic.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2748827/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2748827/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Itoh, Yasushi -- Shinya, Kyoko -- Kiso, Maki -- Watanabe, Tokiko -- Sakoda, Yoshihiro -- Hatta, Masato -- Muramoto, Yukiko -- Tamura, Daisuke -- Sakai-Tagawa, Yuko -- Noda, Takeshi -- Sakabe, Saori -- Imai, Masaki -- Hatta, Yasuko -- Watanabe, Shinji -- Li, Chengjun -- Yamada, Shinya -- Fujii, Ken -- Murakami, Shin -- Imai, Hirotaka -- Kakugawa, Satoshi -- Ito, Mutsumi -- Takano, Ryo -- Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Kiyoko -- Shimojima, Masayuki -- Horimoto, Taisuke -- Goto, Hideo -- Takahashi, Kei -- Makino, Akiko -- Ishigaki, Hirohito -- Nakayama, Misako -- Okamatsu, Masatoshi -- Takahashi, Kazuo -- Warshauer, David -- Shult, Peter A -- Saito, Reiko -- Suzuki, Hiroshi -- Furuta, Yousuke -- Yamashita, Makoto -- Mitamura, Keiko -- Nakano, Kunio -- Nakamura, Morio -- Brockman-Schneider, Rebecca -- Mitamura, Hiroshi -- Yamazaki, Masahiko -- Sugaya, Norio -- Suresh, M -- Ozawa, Makoto -- Neumann, Gabriele -- Gern, James -- Kida, Hiroshi -- Ogasawara, Kazumasa -- Kawaoka, Yoshihiro -- HHNSN266200700010C/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- HHSN266200700010C/PHS HHS/ -- HHSN272200800060C/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI069274/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI069274-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI070503/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 20;460(7258):1021-5. doi: 10.1038/nature08260.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ohtsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19672242" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Dogs ; Female ; Ferrets/virology ; HN Protein/metabolism ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects/enzymology/pathogenicity/*physiology ; Lung/immunology/pathology/virology ; Macaca fascicularis/immunology/virology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neutralization Tests ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology/transmission/virology ; Primate Diseases/pathology/virology ; Swine/*virology ; Swine Diseases/pathology/virology ; Swine, Miniature/virology ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Search for low-mass exoplanets by gravitational microlensing at high magnification (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-31
    Description: Observations of the gravitational microlensing event MOA 2003-BLG-32/OGLE 2003-BLG-219 are presented, for which the peak magnification was over 500, the highest yet reported. Continuous observations around the peak enabled a sensitive search for planets orbiting the lens star. No planets were detected. Planets 1.3 times heavier than Earth were excluded from more than 50% of the projected annular region from approximately 2.3 to 3.6 astronomical units surrounding the lens star, Uranus-mass planets were excluded from 0.9 to 8.7 astronomical units, and planets 1.3 times heavier than Saturn were excluded from 0.2 to 60 astronomical units. These are the largest regions of sensitivity yet achieved in searches for extrasolar planets orbiting any star.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abe, F -- Bennett, D P -- Bond, I A -- Eguchi, S -- Furuta, Y -- Hearnshaw, J B -- Kamiya, K -- Kilmartin, P M -- Kurata, Y -- Masuda, K -- Matsubara, Y -- Muraki, Y -- Noda, S -- Okajima, K -- Rakich, A -- Rattenbury, N J -- Sako, T -- Sekiguchi, T -- Sullivan, D J -- Sumi, T -- Tristram, P J -- Yanagisawa, T -- Yock, P C M -- Gal-Yam, A -- Lipkin, Y -- Maoz, D -- Ofek, E O -- Udalski, A -- Szewczyk, O -- Zebrun, K -- Soszynski, I -- Szymanski, M K -- Kubiak, M -- Pietrzynski, G -- Wyrzykowski, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 27;305(5688):1264-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Solar Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-01, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15333833" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AFLP-based STS markers closely linked to a fertility restoration locus (Rfm1) for cytoplasmic male sterility in barley (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 124 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The Rfm1 gene restores the fertility of the msm1 and msm2 male-sterile cytoplasms in barley. Rfm1 is located on the short arm of chromosome 6H. To develop molecular markers tightly linked to Rfm1 for use in sophisticated marker-assisted selection and map-based cloning, an amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) marker system with isogenic lines and a segregating BC1F1 population was used. Nine hundred primer combinations were screened and a linkage map was constructed around the Rfm1 locus by using 25 recombinant plants selected from 214 BC1F1 plants. Three AFLP markers were identified, e34m2, e46m19 and e48m17, linked to the locus. The most closely linked markers were e34m2, at 1.0 cM distally and e46m19, at 1.1 cM proximally. The two AFLP markers were converted to dominant STS markers. These markers should accelerate programmes for breeding restorer lines and will be useful for map-based cloning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2005.01077.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous Fermentation of Worcestershire Sauce by Trickle Bed Bioreactor Using Comb-Shaped Ceramic Carriers (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 61 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A two-step fermentation process using Saccharomyces cerevisiae OC-2 (wine yeast) was studied. The first step, to multiply and immobilize yeast cells, was carried out by batch method (7 days) in a trickle bed bioreac-tor. In a second step, the substrate was continuously fermented by immobilized and free yeast cells in the same bioreactor. Continuous fermentation resulted in retention of 3% (W/V) of ethanol, 50 mg/L of isoamyl alcohol and 6 mg/L of β-phenethyl alcohol (the major aromatic components of fermented Worcestershire sauce). Maximum ethanol productivity was retained at 4.1–4.2 g/L/hr under continuous operation with immobilized yeasts, 3.2-fold higher than with the batch system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1996.tb14765.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Novel ES Cell Line, TT2, with High Germline-Differentiating Potency
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytical Biochemistry 214 (1993), S. 70-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abio.1993.1458
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning of the replication and incompatibility regions of a plasmid derived from Rts1
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Plasmid 8 (1982), S. 232-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0147-619X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-619X(82)90061-0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous determination of glyceryl trinitrate and its principal metabolites, 1,2- and 1,3-glyceryl dinitrate, in plasma by gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization-selected ion monitoring
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography A 239 (1982), S. 277-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)81988-3
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectrum measurements of intermediate energy neutrons by an organic scintillator
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods 84 (1970), S. 269-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-554X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0029-554X(70)90271-5
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