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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-10-26
    Description: Spontaneous generation of toroidal flow from the separatrix and its inward radial propagation in association with the change in the electron temperature gradient have been observed near the plasma boundary in the modulated electron cyclotron heating (MECH) experiment in the Large Helical Device. The observations presented in this paper provide strongly the supports of the hypothesis for the conversion of the poloidal flow to the toroidal one at the plasma peripheral region, exhibiting a clear delay response on MECH in the time derivation of the toroidal flow ( V ̇ ϕ ≡ ∂ V ϕ / ∂ t ) to the poloidal one ( V ̇ θ ≡ ∂ V θ / ∂ t ) at a normalized radius of ρ ≈ 0.97. The ratio of order unity for | V ̇ ϕ / V ̇ θ | during a conversion phase from poloidal flow into toroidal one is consistent with that predicted by a quasi-stationary theoretical model based on the turbulent instability, regardless of its sign and spatial structure. The present work demonstrates a new dynamic response in the plasma momentum transport and represents a significant confirmation of its non-local nature.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2017-12-30
    Description: The JT-60SA cryogenic system a superconducting tokamak currently under assembly at Naka, Japan. After one year of commissioning, the acceptance tests were successfully completed in October 2016 in close collaboration with Air Liquide Advanced Technologies (ALaT), the French atomic and alternative energies commission (CEA), Fusion for Energy (F4E) and the Quantum Radiological Science and Technology (QST). The cryogenic system has several cryogenic users at various temperatures: the superconducting magnets at 4.4 K, the current leads at 50 K, the thermal shields at 80 K and the divertor cryo-pumps at 3.7 K. The cryogenic system has an equivalent refrigeration power of about 9.5 kW at 4.5 K, with peak loads caused by the nuclear heating, the eddy currents in the structures and the AC losses in the magnets during cyclic plasma operation. The main results of the acceptance tests will be reported, with emphasis on the management of the challenging pulsed load operation using a liquid ...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2018-03-07
    Description: Radial transport of relativistic electrons in the inner magnetosphere has been considered one of the acceleration mechanisms of the outer radiation belt electrons and can be driven by the drift resonance with Pc5 Ultra-Low-Frequency (ULF) waves. In this study, we focus on the pitch angle dependences of the radial transport and investigate the pitch angle distributions (PADs) of the relativistic electrons after interaction with a monochromatic Pc5 wave, using two simulation models of the inner magnetosphere: GEMSIS-Ring Current (RC) and GEMSIS-Radiation Belt (RB) models. The results show that butterfly-like PADs (two peaks in small pitch angles) are produced at a fixed radial distance (L-shell) and the energy, where the electrons with small pitch angles satisfy the resonance condition. The radial range and time scale of the butterfly PAD appearance correspond to the maximum radial transport of the electron (i.e. resonant width) and its oscillation period in the radial direction, respectively. We analytically derive the resonant width and oscillation period of relativistic electrons interacting with a monochromatic Pc5 wave, assuming conservation of first and second adiabatic invariants, and compare them with the simulation result. The results show that electrons with small equatorial pitch angles at a fixed magnetic moment can interact with a monochromatic Pc5 wave in a wider L-shell range than perpendicular electrons due to the pitch angle changes, in the course of the radial transport.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2015-08-09
    Description: Recent advances in nanoscopy, which breaks the diffraction barrier and can visualize structures smaller than the diffraction limit in cells, have encouraged biologists to investigate cellular processes at molecular resolution. Since nanoscopy depends not only on special optics but also on ‘smart’ photophysical properties of photocontrollable fluorescent probes, including photoactivatability, photoswitchability and repeated blinking, it is important for biologists to understand the advantages and disadvantages of fluorescent probes and to choose appropriate ones for their specific requirements. Here, we summarize the characteristics of currently available fluorescent probes based on both proteins and synthetic compounds applicable to nanoscopy and provide a guideline for selecting optimal probes for specific applications.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-07-27
    Description: The final interprotein electron transfer (ET) in the mammalian respiratory chain, from cytochrome c (Cyt c) to cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) is investigated by 1H-15N heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectral analysis. The chemical shift perturbation in isotope-labeled Cyt c induced by addition of unlabeled CcO indicates that the hydrophobic heme periphery and adjacent hydrophobic amino acid residues of Cyt c dominantly contribute to the complex formation, whereas charged residues near the hydrophobic core refine the orientation of Cyt c to provide well controlled ET. Upon oxidation of Cyt c, the specific line broadening of N-H signals disappeared and high field 1H chemical shifts of the N-terminal helix were observed, suggesting that the interactions of the N-terminal helix with CcO are reduced by steric constraint in oxidized Cyt c, while the chemical shift perturbations in the C-terminal helix indicate notable interactions of oxidized Cyt c with CcO. These results suggest that the overall affinity of oxidized Cyt c for CcO is significantly, but not very much weaker than that of reduced Cyt c. Thus, electron transfer is gated by dissociation of oxidized Cyt c from CcO, the rate of which is controlled by the affinity of oxidized Cyt c to CcO for providing an appropriate electron transfer rate for the most effective energy coupling. The conformational changes in Lys13 upon CcO binding to oxidized Cyt c, shown by 1H- and 1H, 15N-chemical shifts, are also expected to gate intraprotein ET by a polarity control of heme c environment.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2008-02-16
    Description: Searches for extrasolar planets have uncovered an astonishing diversity of planetary systems, yet the frequency of solar system analogs remains unknown. The gravitational microlensing planet search method is potentially sensitive to multiple-planet systems containing analogs of all the solar system planets except Mercury. We report the detection of a multiple-planet system with microlensing. We identify two planets with masses of approximately 0.71 and approximately 0.27 times the mass of Jupiter and orbital separations of approximately 2.3 and approximately 4.6 astronomical units orbiting a primary star of mass approximately 0.50 solar mass at a distance of approximately 1.5 kiloparsecs. This system resembles a scaled version of our solar system in that the mass ratio, separation ratio, and equilibrium temperatures of the planets are similar to those of Jupiter and Saturn. These planets could not have been detected with other techniques; their discovery from only six confirmed microlensing planet detections suggests that solar system analogs may be common.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gaudi, B S -- Bennett, D P -- Udalski, A -- Gould, A -- Christie, G W -- Maoz, D -- Dong, S -- McCormick, J -- Szymanski, M K -- Tristram, P J -- Nikolaev, S -- Paczynski, B -- Kubiak, M -- Pietrzynski, G -- Soszynski, I -- Szewczyk, O -- Ulaczyk, K -- Wyrzykowski, L -- OGLE Collaboration -- Depoy, D L -- Han, C -- Kaspi, S -- Lee, C-U -- Mallia, F -- Natusch, T -- Pogge, R W -- Park, B-G -- MuFUN Collaboration -- Abe, F -- Bond, I A -- Botzler, C S -- Fukui, A -- Hearnshaw, J B -- Itow, Y -- Kamiya, K -- Korpela, A V -- Kilmartin, P M -- Lin, W -- Masuda, K -- Matsubara, Y -- Motomura, M -- Muraki, Y -- Nakamura, S -- Okumura, T -- Ohnishi, K -- Rattenbury, N J -- Sako, T -- Saito, To -- Sato, S -- Skuljan, L -- Sullivan, D J -- Sumi, T -- Sweatman, W L -- Yock, P C M -- MOA Collaboration -- Albrow, M D -- Allan, A -- Beaulieu, J-P -- Burgdorf, M J -- Cook, K H -- Coutures, C -- Dominik, M -- Dieters, S -- Fouque, P -- Greenhill, J -- Horne, K -- Steele, I -- Tsapras, Y -- PLANET and RoboNet Collaborations -- Chaboyer, B -- Crocker, A -- Frank, S -- Macintosh, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 15;319(5865):927-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1151947.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. gaudi@astronomy.ohio-state.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18276883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2004-08-31
    Description: Observations of the gravitational microlensing event MOA 2003-BLG-32/OGLE 2003-BLG-219 are presented, for which the peak magnification was over 500, the highest yet reported. Continuous observations around the peak enabled a sensitive search for planets orbiting the lens star. No planets were detected. Planets 1.3 times heavier than Earth were excluded from more than 50% of the projected annular region from approximately 2.3 to 3.6 astronomical units surrounding the lens star, Uranus-mass planets were excluded from 0.9 to 8.7 astronomical units, and planets 1.3 times heavier than Saturn were excluded from 0.2 to 60 astronomical units. These are the largest regions of sensitivity yet achieved in searches for extrasolar planets orbiting any star.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abe, F -- Bennett, D P -- Bond, I A -- Eguchi, S -- Furuta, Y -- Hearnshaw, J B -- Kamiya, K -- Kilmartin, P M -- Kurata, Y -- Masuda, K -- Matsubara, Y -- Muraki, Y -- Noda, S -- Okajima, K -- Rakich, A -- Rattenbury, N J -- Sako, T -- Sekiguchi, T -- Sullivan, D J -- Sumi, T -- Tristram, P J -- Yanagisawa, T -- Yock, P C M -- Gal-Yam, A -- Lipkin, Y -- Maoz, D -- Ofek, E O -- Udalski, A -- Szewczyk, O -- Zebrun, K -- Soszynski, I -- Szymanski, M K -- Kubiak, M -- Pietrzynski, G -- Wyrzykowski, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 27;305(5688):1264-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Solar Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-01, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15333833" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉The National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02 was conducted in early 2015 using the Drilling Vessel 〈i〉Chikyu〈/i〉 in the western part of the Bay of Bengal, India. During drilling off Vishakhapatnam, NE India, some bottom-simulating reflectors were penetrated, and numerous mass-transport deposits (MTDs) were identified. The recovered cores were composed of post-late Miocene muddy slope deposits containing the late Miocene–Pliocene hiatus that is widespread in that region. Based on detailed visual core descriptions and calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, two major MTD-rich intervals were identified: the Pleistocene interval above the hiatus, and the middle–late Miocene interval below it. Although the MTDs in both intervals are composed of variously coloured clay–silt blocks in an olive-black or olive-grey silty clay matrix (muddy MTDs), the Pleistocene MTDs consist of larger-sized blocks (mostly less than a few metres but with some 〉10 m) without clear shear fabrics, whereas the Miocene MTDs contain smaller blocks (〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0375-6440
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2013-07-18
    Description: Author(s): T. Kobayashi, K. Itoh, T. Ido, K. Kamiya, S.-I. Itoh, Y. Miura, Y. Nagashima, A. Fujisawa, S. Inagaki, K. Ida, and K. Hoshino In this Letter, we report analyses of spatiotemporal dynamics of turbulence and structure in the limit-cycle oscillation (LCO) that precedes an L-to-H transition. Zonal flows are not observed during LCO, and the oscillation is the periodic generations or decays of barrier with edge-localized mean fl... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 035002] Published Wed Jul 17, 2013
    Keywords: Plasma and Beam Physics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2018-03-29
    Description: The National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02 was conducted in early 2015 using the Drilling Vessel Chikyu in the western part of the Bay of Bengal, India. During drilling off Vishakhapatnam, NE India, some bottom-simulating reflectors were penetrated, and numerous mass-transport deposits (MTDs) were identified. The recovered cores were composed of post-late Miocene muddy slope deposits containing the late Miocene–Pliocene hiatus that is widespread in that region. Based on detailed visual core descriptions and calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, two major MTD-rich intervals were identified: the Pleistocene interval above the hiatus, and the middle–late Miocene interval below it. Although the MTDs in both intervals are composed of variously coloured clay–silt blocks in an olive-black or olive-grey silty clay matrix (muddy MTDs), the Pleistocene MTDs consist of larger-sized blocks (mostly less than a few metres but with some 〉10 m) without clear shear fabrics, whereas the Miocene MTDs contain smaller blocks (〈0.1 m) with asymmetrical shear fabrics. The muddy blocks are composed of older components (Pliocene–Cretaceous) compared with the depositional ages of the MTDs. The high abundance of MTDs above the hiatus and the depositional ages of the interbedded coherent layers indicate that large-scale MTDs occurred repeatedly during the Pleistocene. Such repeated MTDs contributed to maintaining the high sedimentation rate in this area and potentially provided stable pressure and temperature conditions for the formation of gas hydrates.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
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