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  • 1
    Call number: ZSP-202-324
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Introduction. - Resistivities of earth materials. - Dependence of resistivity on soil type. - Relation between resistivity and water content. - Dependence of resistivity on temperature. - Dependence of resistivity on ice content. - Resistivity of rocks. - Theory and method. - The E-phase system. - Calibration. - Analogue recorder. - Magnetic recorder. - Flight path recovery camera. - Altimeter. - Data reduction. - Horizontal control. - Computation of apparent resistivity. - Computer processing of data. - Plotting and contouring of data. - Filtering of E-phase data. - Problem areas of the E-phase technique. - Horizontal control. - Zero error. - Interference. - Ground control in study areas. - Computer modeling of resistivity profiles in central Alaska. - Results. - Goldstream site. - Site 2. - Chena Hot Springs Road. - Moose Creek Dam. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Airborne resistivity methods using radio waves in three frequency bands were tested in the vicinity of Fairbanks, Alaska. The test sites were selected because much ground control is available for this area. The objectives of this study were to determine the ability of these methods to map permafrost and other soils and to investigate the advantages of multifrequency mapping. Investigations in permafrost regions for such geotechnical endeavors as route selection for roads and pipelines and site investigation for building and dam construction often require that a careful assessment be made of the presence or absence of frozen ground, of the ice content of frozen ground, and of the depth of frozen ground. The airborne resistivity data obtained in this study were contoured and the contour maps were compared with surficial geological maps and other ground truth data available. The following conclusions were reached: 1) in areas where the near surface sediments are relatively uniform; VLF resistivity best delineates permafrost; and 2) in areas where surface sediments vary widely (e.g., recent flood plains), resistivity at all frequencies gives little information on permafrost conditions, but provides other important information, such as bedrock type, depth to bedrock, soil type and layering.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 45 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 324
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 2
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-83/11
    In: CRREL Report, 83-11
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations of ground radar performance over thawed and seasonally frozen silts, and sands and gravels containing artificial and natural reflectors were carried out in Alaska. The radar emitted 5-10 ns pulses, the center frequency of which was approximately 150 MHz. The artificial reflectors were metal sheets and discs and the natural reflectors were the groundwater table and interfaces between frozen and thawed material. The water table was profiled at three sites where the subsurface material was coarse-grained alluvium. Dielectric constants of 16 to 18 were measured for the thawed silts, 6 to 7 for the frozen silts and 3 to 9 for the sands and gravels. Signal penetration in the thawed high moisture content silts may be achieved only by use of a lower frequency radar, whereas in the sands and gravels greater depths may be detected with more sophisticated signal processing.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 16 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-11
    Language: English
    Location: AWI Archive
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2012-08-01
    Description: During peripheral immune activation caused by an infection or an inflammatory condition, the innate immune response signals to the brain and causes an up-regulation of central nervous system (CNS) cytokine production. Central actions of proinflammatory cytokines, in particular IL-1β, are pivotal for the induction of fever and fatigue. In the present study, the influence of peripheral chronic joint inflammatory disease in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on CNS inflammation was investigated. Intrathecal interleukin (IL)-1β concentrations were markedly elevated in RA patients compared with controls or with patients with multiple sclerosis. Conversely, the anti-inflammatory IL-1 receptor antagonist and IL-4 were decreased in RA cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Tumor necrosis factor and IL-6 levels in the CSF did not differ between patients and controls. Concerning IL-1β, CSF concentrations in RA patients were higher than in serum, indicating local production in the CNS, and there was a positive correlation between CSF IL-1β and fatigue assessments. Next, spinal inflammation in experimental arthritis was investigated. A marked increase of IL-1β, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor, but not IL-6 mRNA production, in the spinal cord was observed, coinciding with increased arthritis scores in the KBxN serum transfer model. These data provide evidence that peripheral inflammation such as arthritis is associated with an immunological activation in the CNS in both humans and mice, suggesting a possible therapeutic target for centrally affecting conditions as fatigue in chronic inflammatory diseases, for which to date there are no specific treatments.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2009-10-09
    Description: Recent advances in next generation sequencing have made it possible to precisely characterize all somatic coding mutations that occur during the development and progression of individual cancers. Here we used these approaches to sequence the genomes (〉43-fold coverage) and transcriptomes of an oestrogen-receptor-alpha-positive metastatic lobular breast cancer at depth. We found 32 somatic non-synonymous coding mutations present in the metastasis, and measured the frequency of these somatic mutations in DNA from the primary tumour of the same patient, which arose 9 years earlier. Five of the 32 mutations (in ABCB11, HAUS3, SLC24A4, SNX4 and PALB2) were prevalent in the DNA of the primary tumour removed at diagnosis 9 years earlier, six (in KIF1C, USP28, MYH8, MORC1, KIAA1468 and RNASEH2A) were present at lower frequencies (1-13%), 19 were not detected in the primary tumour, and two were undetermined. The combined analysis of genome and transcriptome data revealed two new RNA-editing events that recode the amino acid sequence of SRP9 and COG3. Taken together, our data show that single nucleotide mutational heterogeneity can be a property of low or intermediate grade primary breast cancers and that significant evolution can occur with disease progression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shah, Sohrab P -- Morin, Ryan D -- Khattra, Jaswinder -- Prentice, Leah -- Pugh, Trevor -- Burleigh, Angela -- Delaney, Allen -- Gelmon, Karen -- Guliany, Ryan -- Senz, Janine -- Steidl, Christian -- Holt, Robert A -- Jones, Steven -- Sun, Mark -- Leung, Gillian -- Moore, Richard -- Severson, Tesa -- Taylor, Greg A -- Teschendorff, Andrew E -- Tse, Kane -- Turashvili, Gulisa -- Varhol, Richard -- Warren, Rene L -- Watson, Peter -- Zhao, Yongjun -- Caldas, Carlos -- Huntsman, David -- Hirst, Martin -- Marra, Marco A -- Aparicio, Samuel -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 8;461(7265):809-13. doi: 10.1038/nature08489.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver V5Z 1L3, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19812674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism/*pathology ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Disease Progression ; Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, Neoplasm/*genetics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Germ-Line Mutation/genetics ; Humans ; Mutagenesis/*genetics ; Mutation/*genetics ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nucleotides/*genetics ; RNA Editing/genetics ; Signal Recognition Particle/genetics ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-07-29
    Description: Follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are the two most common non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs). Here we sequenced tumour and matched normal DNA from 13 DLBCL cases and one FL case to identify genes with mutations in B-cell NHL. We analysed RNA-seq data from these and another 113 NHLs to identify genes with candidate mutations, and then re-sequenced tumour and matched normal DNA from these cases to confirm 109 genes with multiple somatic mutations. Genes with roles in histone modification were frequent targets of somatic mutation. For example, 32% of DLBCL and 89% of FL cases had somatic mutations in MLL2, which encodes a histone methyltransferase, and 11.4% and 13.4% of DLBCL and FL cases, respectively, had mutations in MEF2B, a calcium-regulated gene that cooperates with CREBBP and EP300 in acetylating histones. Our analysis suggests a previously unappreciated disruption of chromatin biology in lymphomagenesis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3210554/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3210554/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morin, Ryan D -- Mendez-Lago, Maria -- Mungall, Andrew J -- Goya, Rodrigo -- Mungall, Karen L -- Corbett, Richard D -- Johnson, Nathalie A -- Severson, Tesa M -- Chiu, Readman -- Field, Matthew -- Jackman, Shaun -- Krzywinski, Martin -- Scott, David W -- Trinh, Diane L -- Tamura-Wells, Jessica -- Li, Sa -- Firme, Marlo R -- Rogic, Sanja -- Griffith, Malachi -- Chan, Susanna -- Yakovenko, Oleksandr -- Meyer, Irmtraud M -- Zhao, Eric Y -- Smailus, Duane -- Moksa, Michelle -- Chittaranjan, Suganthi -- Rimsza, Lisa -- Brooks-Wilson, Angela -- Spinelli, John J -- Ben-Neriah, Susana -- Meissner, Barbara -- Woolcock, Bruce -- Boyle, Merrill -- McDonald, Helen -- Tam, Angela -- Zhao, Yongjun -- Delaney, Allen -- Zeng, Thomas -- Tse, Kane -- Butterfield, Yaron -- Birol, Inanc -- Holt, Rob -- Schein, Jacqueline -- Horsman, Douglas E -- Moore, Richard -- Jones, Steven J M -- Connors, Joseph M -- Hirst, Martin -- Gascoyne, Randy D -- Marra, Marco A -- 1U01CA114778/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HHSN261200800001E/PHS HHS/ -- P50CA130805-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- TGT-53912/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- U24 CA143866/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA143866-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA143866-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA143866-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jul 27;476(7360):298-303. doi: 10.1038/nature10351.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21796119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromatin/genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Histone Acetyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics/metabolism ; Histones/*metabolism ; Humans ; Loss of Heterozygosity/genetics ; Lymphoma, Follicular/enzymology/genetics ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/enzymology/genetics ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/enzymology/*genetics ; MADS Domain Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; MEF2 Transcription Factors ; Mutation/*genetics ; Myogenic Regulatory Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2010-07-09
    Description: Although it is known that the methylation of DNA in 5' promoters suppresses gene expression, the role of DNA methylation in gene bodies is unclear. In mammals, tissue- and cell type-specific methylation is present in a small percentage of 5' CpG island (CGI) promoters, whereas a far greater proportion occurs across gene bodies, coinciding with highly conserved sequences. Tissue-specific intragenic methylation might reduce, or, paradoxically, enhance transcription elongation efficiency. Capped analysis of gene expression (CAGE) experiments also indicate that transcription commonly initiates within and between genes. To investigate the role of intragenic methylation, we generated a map of DNA methylation from the human brain encompassing 24.7 million of the 28 million CpG sites. From the dense, high-resolution coverage of CpG islands, the majority of methylated CpG islands were shown to be in intragenic and intergenic regions, whereas less than 3% of CpG islands in 5' promoters were methylated. The CpG islands in all three locations overlapped with RNA markers of transcription initiation, and unmethylated CpG islands also overlapped significantly with trimethylation of H3K4, a histone modification enriched at promoters. The general and CpG-island-specific patterns of methylation are conserved in mouse tissues. An in-depth investigation of the human SHANK3 locus and its mouse homologue demonstrated that this tissue-specific DNA methylation regulates intragenic promoter activity in vitro and in vivo. These methylation-regulated, alternative transcripts are expressed in a tissue- and cell type-specific manner, and are expressed differentially within a single cell type from distinct brain regions. These results support a major role for intragenic methylation in regulating cell context-specific alternative promoters in gene bodies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3998662/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3998662/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maunakea, Alika K -- Nagarajan, Raman P -- Bilenky, Mikhail -- Ballinger, Tracy J -- D'Souza, Cletus -- Fouse, Shaun D -- Johnson, Brett E -- Hong, Chibo -- Nielsen, Cydney -- Zhao, Yongjun -- Turecki, Gustavo -- Delaney, Allen -- Varhol, Richard -- Thiessen, Nina -- Shchors, Ksenya -- Heine, Vivi M -- Rowitch, David H -- Xing, Xiaoyun -- Fiore, Chris -- Schillebeeckx, Maximiliaan -- Jones, Steven J M -- Haussler, David -- Marra, Marco A -- Hirst, Martin -- Wang, Ting -- Costello, Joseph F -- U01 ES017154/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 8;466(7303):253-7. doi: 10.1038/nature09165.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20613842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/anatomy & histology/cytology/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Cell Line ; Conserved Sequence/*genetics ; CpG Islands/genetics ; *DNA Methylation ; DNA, Intergenic/genetics/metabolism ; Frontal Lobe/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Histones/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Organ Specificity ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0888-7543
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Rhabdomeral membrane ; Turnover ; Diacylglycerols ; Transcription ; Protein kinase Cs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 1. A previous study implies that diacylglycerols (DAGs) released by the phototransduction cascade in photoreceptors of a crab, Leptograpsus, activate protein kinase Cs (PKCs). PKCs were suggested to phosphorylate nuclear proteins that regulate the transcription of rhabdomeral membrane precursors. 2. We show that a transcription inhibitor, actinomycin D, reduces the rhabdomeral renewal induced by a diacylglycerol lipase inhibitor, U-57908, but does not eliminate it. 3. Within the particular experimental protocol, rhabdomeral maintenance and renewal by controls are inhibited by actinomycin D in an absence of U-57908. 4. We conclude that although rhabdomeral renewal induced by PKC activation involves the regulation of transcription, multiple pathways are implicated. 5. An alternative route for the degradation of DAGs by phosphorylation is eliminated because a specific inhibitor of DAG kinases, R-59022, exerts no effect. 6. U-57908 promotes photoreceptor shrinkage which is not compromised by actinomycin D. Shrinkage occurs independently of rhabdomeral renewal, suggesting a further consequence of PKC activation.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 173 (1993), S. 57-63 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Phototransductive membrane turnover ; Crab retinas ; Diacylglycerol lipase inhibitor ; Protein kinases ; Regulation of turnover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 1. Arthropod phototransduction cascades release diacylglycerols (DAGs). We have suggested that DAGs may activate protein kinase Cs (PKCs) to induce phosphorylations of proteins that regulate nuclear transcriptions of rhabdomeral membrane precursors during circadian phototransductive membrane turnover. 2. When retinas of a crab, Leptograpsus, held in vitro after illumination at dawn were treated with an inhibitor of diacylglycerol lipases, U-57908, endomembranes proliferated from nuclear envelopes and differentiated to renew rhabdomeral microvilli, following the pathways described by Stowe (1980). 3. When retinas were treated with exogenous, 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol alone rhabdomeres were rapidly stripped of microvilli. 4. A combination of 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol and U-57908 induced an initial endocytosis of rhabdomeral membrane, followed by proliferation of endomembranes from nuclear envelopes and reassembly of rhabdoms. 5. Two hypothetical processes are implied: (i) PKCs activated peripherally by DAGs released by phototransduction are translocated to photoreceptor nuclei where they induce the phosphorylation of proteins that regulate transcriptions, (ii) Peripherally, activated PKCs may determine phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domains of integral rhabdomeral membrane proteins to create signals that initiate endocytosis. The latter process, however, may not occur in vivo. 6. The model for the regulation of phototransductive membrane turnover rests upon assumptions about the intracellular compartmentalisation of arthropod photo-receptors. They have not been critically examined. Crab R1-7 nuclear envelopes seem to possess a high population of nuclear pores. It may be mandatory for the transfer of peripheral signals to intra-nuclear sites.
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