ALBERT

Description: Successful repair after tissue injury and inflammation requires resolution of the inflammatory response and removal of extracellular matrix breakdown products. We have examined whether the cell-surface adhesion molecule and hyaluronan receptor CD44 plays a role in resolving lung inflammation. CD44-deficient mice succumb to unremitting inflammation following noninfectious lung injury, characterized by impaired clearance of apoptotic neutrophils, persistent accumulation of hyaluronan fragments at the site of tissue injury, and impaired activation of transforming growth factor-beta1. This phenotype was partially reversed by reconstitution with CD44+ cells, thus demonstrating a critical role for this receptor in resolving lung inflammation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teder, Priit -- Vandivier, R William -- Jiang, Dianhua -- Liang, Jiurong -- Cohn, Lauren -- Pure, Ellen -- Henson, Peter M -- Noble, Paul W -- HL60539/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 5;296(5565):155-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11935029" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: There are inefficiencies in current approaches to monitoring patients on antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa. Patients typically attend clinics every 1 to 3 months for clinical assessment. The clinic costs are comparable with the costs of the drugs themselves and CD4 counts are measured every 6 months, but patients are rarely switched to second-line therapies. To ensure sustainability of treatment programmes, a transition to more cost-effective delivery of antiretroviral therapy is needed. In contrast to the CD4 count, measurement of the level of HIV RNA in plasma (the viral load) provides a direct measure of the current treatment effect. Viral-load-informed differentiated care is a means of tailoring care so that those with suppressed viral load visit the clinic less frequently and attention is focussed on those with unsuppressed viral load to promote adherence and timely switching to a second-line regimen. The most feasible approach to measuring viral load in many countries is to collect dried blood spot samples for testing in regional laboratories; however, there have been concerns over the sensitivity and specificity of this approach to define treatment failure and the delay in returning results to the clinic. We use modelling to synthesize evidence and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of viral-load-informed differentiated care, accounting for limitations of dried blood sample testing. We find that viral-load-informed differentiated care using dried blood sample testing is cost-effective and is a recommended strategy for patient monitoring, although further empirical evidence as the approach is rolled out would be of value. We also explore the potential benefits of point-of-care viral load tests that may become available in the future.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Working Group on Modelling of Antiretroviral Therapy Monitoring Strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Phillips, Andrew -- Shroufi, Amir -- Vojnov, Lara -- Cohn, Jennifer -- Roberts, Teri -- Ellman, Tom -- Bonner, Kimberly -- Rousseau, Christine -- Garnett, Geoff -- Cambiano, Valentina -- Nakagawa, Fumiyo -- Ford, Deborah -- Bansi-Matharu, Loveleen -- Miners, Alec -- Lundgren, Jens D -- Eaton, Jeffrey W -- Parkes-Ratanshi, Rosalind -- Katz, Zachary -- Maman, David -- Ford, Nathan -- Vitoria, Marco -- Doherty, Meg -- Dowdy, David -- Nichols, Brooke -- Murtagh, Maurine -- Wareham, Meghan -- Palamountain, Kara M -- Chakanyuka Musanhu, Christine -- Stevens, Wendy -- Katzenstein, David -- Ciaranello, Andrea -- Barnabas, Ruanne -- Braithwaite, R Scott -- Bendavid, Eran -- Nathoo, Kusum J -- van de Vijver, David -- Wilson, David P -- Holmes, Charles -- Bershteyn, Anna -- Walker, Simon -- Raizes, Elliot -- Jani, Ilesh -- Nelson, Lisa J -- Peeling, Rosanna -- Terris-Prestholt, Fern -- Murungu, Joseph -- Mutasa-Apollo, Tsitsi -- Hallett, Timothy B -- Revill, Paul -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 3;528(7580):S68-76. doi: 10.1038/nature16046.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK. ; Southern Africa Medical Unit (SAMU), Medecins sans Frontieres (MSF) SA, Waverley Business Park, Wyecroft Rd, Mowbray 7700, Cape Town, South Africa. ; Clinton Health Access Initiative, 383 Dorchester Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02127, USA. ; Medecins Sans Frontieres, Access Campaign, rue du Lausanne 82, 1202 Geneva Switzerland. ; Medecins Sans Frontieres, 78 rue de Lausanne, Case Postale 116, 1211 Geneva 21, Switzerland. ; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, PO Box 23350, Seattle, Washington 98199, USA. ; MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials &Methodology, Aviation House, 125 Kingsway, London WC2B 6NH, UK. ; Health Services Research &Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Room 134, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SY, UK. ; CHIP, Department of infectious diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 92100 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK. ; Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI), College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, PO Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda. ; HIV/AIDS and Global Hepatitis Programme, World Health Organization, 20 Ave Appia 1211, Geneva, Switzerland. ; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street E6531, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. ; Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 20403000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands. ; International Diagnostics Centre, London School of Hygiene &Tropical, Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK. ; Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, 2001 Sheridan Road Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA. ; WHO Country Office 86 Enterprise Road Cnr, Glenara PO Box CY 348, Causeway Harare, Zimbabwe. ; Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa. ; Division of Infectious Disease, Laboratory Grant Building S-146, Office Lane 154, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305-5107, USA. ; Massachusetts General Hospital Division of Infectious Diseases, 50 Staniford Street, 936 Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. ; Medicine, Global Health and Epidemiology, University of Washington (UW), 325 9th Avenue, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA. ; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, 227 East 30th Street Office 615, New York, New York 10016, USA. ; Division of General Medical Disciplines, Department of Medicine Stanford University, MSOB 1265 Welch Road x332 Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, PO Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe. ; University of New South Wales, Level 6, Wallace Wurth Building, UNSW Campus, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia. ; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, 5032 Great North Road, Lusaka, Zambia. ; Institute for Disease Modeling, 3150 139th Avenue SE, Bellevue, Washington 98005, USA. ; Centre for Health Economics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK. ; Care and Treatment Branch Center for Global Health, Division of Global HIV/AIDS (GAP), CDC, MS-E04, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. ; Instituto Nacional de Saude (INS), Ministry of Health, PO Box 264, Maputo, Mozambique. ; The Office of the US Global AIDS Coordinator and Health Diplomacy (S/GAC), U.S. Department of State, SA-22, Suite 10300, 2201 C Street, Washington DC 20520, USA. ; Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, UK. ; Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK. ; Ministry of Health and Child Care, P. O CY 1122, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26633768" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Infectious and inflammatory diseases have repeatedly shown strong genetic associations within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC); however, the basis for these associations remains elusive. To define host genetic effects on the outcome of a chronic viral infection, we performed genome-wide association analysis in a multiethnic cohort of HIV-1 controllers and progressors, and we analyzed the effects of individual amino acids within the classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) proteins. We identified 〉300 genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the MHC and none elsewhere. Specific amino acids in the HLA-B peptide binding groove, as well as an independent HLA-C effect, explain the SNP associations and reconcile both protective and risk HLA alleles. These results implicate the nature of the HLA-viral peptide interaction as the major factor modulating durable control of HIV infection.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3235490/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3235490/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉International HIV Controllers Study -- Pereyra, Florencia -- Jia, Xiaoming -- McLaren, Paul J -- Telenti, Amalio -- de Bakker, Paul I W -- Walker, Bruce D -- Ripke, Stephan -- Brumme, Chanson J -- Pulit, Sara L -- Carrington, Mary -- Kadie, Carl M -- Carlson, Jonathan M -- Heckerman, David -- Graham, Robert R -- Plenge, Robert M -- Deeks, Steven G -- Gianniny, Lauren -- Crawford, Gabriel -- Sullivan, Jordan -- Gonzalez, Elena -- Davies, Leela -- Camargo, Amy -- Moore, Jamie M -- Beattie, Nicole -- Gupta, Supriya -- Crenshaw, Andrew -- Burtt, Noel P -- Guiducci, Candace -- Gupta, Namrata -- Gao, Xiaojiang -- Qi, Ying -- Yuki, Yuko -- Piechocka-Trocha, Alicja -- Cutrell, Emily -- Rosenberg, Rachel -- Moss, Kristin L -- Lemay, Paul -- O'Leary, Jessica -- Schaefer, Todd -- Verma, Pranshu -- Toth, Ildiko -- Block, Brian -- Baker, Brett -- Rothchild, Alissa -- Lian, Jeffrey -- Proudfoot, Jacqueline -- Alvino, Donna Marie L -- Vine, Seanna -- Addo, Marylyn M -- Allen, Todd M -- Altfeld, Marcus -- Henn, Matthew R -- Le Gall, Sylvie -- Streeck, Hendrik -- Haas, David W -- Kuritzkes, Daniel R -- Robbins, Gregory K -- Shafer, Robert W -- Gulick, Roy M -- Shikuma, Cecilia M -- Haubrich, Richard -- Riddler, Sharon -- Sax, Paul E -- Daar, Eric S -- Ribaudo, Heather J -- Agan, Brian -- Agarwal, Shanu -- Ahern, Richard L -- Allen, Brady L -- Altidor, Sherly -- Altschuler, Eric L -- Ambardar, Sujata -- Anastos, Kathryn -- Anderson, Ben -- Anderson, Val -- Andrady, Ushan -- Antoniskis, Diana -- Bangsberg, David -- Barbaro, Daniel -- Barrie, William -- Bartczak, J -- Barton, Simon -- Basden, Patricia -- Basgoz, Nesli -- Bazner, Suzane -- Bellos, Nicholaos C -- Benson, Anne M -- Berger, Judith -- Bernard, Nicole F -- Bernard, Annette M -- Birch, Christopher -- Bodner, Stanley J -- Bolan, Robert K -- Boudreaux, Emilie T -- Bradley, Meg -- Braun, James F -- Brndjar, Jon E -- Brown, Stephen J -- Brown, Katherine -- Brown, Sheldon T -- Burack, Jedidiah -- Bush, Larry M -- Cafaro, Virginia -- Campbell, Omobolaji -- Campbell, John -- Carlson, Robert H -- Carmichael, J Kevin -- Casey, Kathleen K -- Cavacuiti, Chris -- Celestin, Gregory -- Chambers, Steven T -- Chez, Nancy -- Chirch, Lisa M -- Cimoch, Paul J -- Cohen, Daniel -- Cohn, Lillian E -- Conway, Brian -- Cooper, David A -- Cornelson, Brian -- Cox, David T -- Cristofano, Michael V -- Cuchural, George Jr -- Czartoski, Julie L -- Dahman, Joseph M -- Daly, Jennifer S -- Davis, Benjamin T -- Davis, Kristine -- Davod, Sheila M -- DeJesus, Edwin -- Dietz, Craig A -- Dunham, Eleanor -- Dunn, Michael E -- Ellerin, Todd B -- Eron, Joseph J -- Fangman, John J W -- Farel, Claire E -- Ferlazzo, Helen -- Fidler, Sarah -- Fleenor-Ford, Anita -- Frankel, Renee -- Freedberg, Kenneth A -- French, Neel K -- Fuchs, Jonathan D -- Fuller, Jon D -- Gaberman, Jonna -- Gallant, Joel E -- Gandhi, Rajesh T -- Garcia, Efrain -- Garmon, Donald -- Gathe, Joseph C Jr -- Gaultier, Cyril R -- Gebre, Wondwoosen -- Gilman, Frank D -- Gilson, Ian -- Goepfert, Paul A -- Gottlieb, Michael S -- Goulston, Claudia -- Groger, Richard K -- Gurley, T Douglas -- Haber, Stuart -- Hardwicke, Robin -- Hardy, W David -- Harrigan, P Richard -- Hawkins, Trevor N -- Heath, Sonya -- Hecht, Frederick M -- Henry, W Keith -- Hladek, Melissa -- Hoffman, Robert P -- Horton, James M -- Hsu, Ricky K -- Huhn, Gregory D -- Hunt, Peter -- Hupert, Mark J -- Illeman, Mark L -- Jaeger, Hans -- Jellinger, Robert M -- John, Mina -- Johnson, Jennifer A -- Johnson, Kristin L -- Johnson, Heather -- Johnson, Kay -- Joly, Jennifer -- Jordan, Wilbert C -- Kauffman, Carol A -- Khanlou, Homayoon -- Killian, Robert K -- Kim, Arthur Y -- Kim, David D -- Kinder, Clifford A -- Kirchner, Jeffrey T -- Kogelman, Laura -- Kojic, Erna Milunka -- Korthuis, P Todd -- Kurisu, Wayne -- Kwon, Douglas S -- LaMar, Melissa -- Lampiris, Harry -- Lanzafame, Massimiliano -- Lederman, Michael M -- Lee, David M -- Lee, Jean M L -- Lee, Marah J -- Lee, Edward T Y -- Lemoine, Janice -- Levy, Jay A -- Llibre, Josep M -- Liguori, Michael A -- Little, Susan J -- Liu, Anne Y -- Lopez, Alvaro J -- Loutfy, Mono R -- Loy, Dawn -- Mohammed, Debbie Y -- Man, Alan -- Mansour, Michael K -- Marconi, Vincent C -- Markowitz, Martin -- Marques, Rui -- Martin, Jeffrey N -- Martin, Harold L Jr -- Mayer, Kenneth Hugh -- McElrath, M Juliana -- McGhee, Theresa A -- McGovern, Barbara H -- McGowan, Katherine -- McIntyre, Dawn -- Mcleod, Gavin X -- Menezes, Prema -- Mesa, Greg -- Metroka, Craig E -- Meyer-Olson, Dirk -- Miller, Andy O -- Montgomery, Kate -- Mounzer, Karam C -- Nagami, Ellen H -- Nagin, Iris -- Nahass, Ronald G -- Nelson, Margret O -- Nielsen, Craig -- Norene, David L -- O'Connor, David H -- Ojikutu, Bisola O -- Okulicz, Jason -- Oladehin, Olakunle O -- Oldfield, Edward C 3rd -- Olender, Susan A -- Ostrowski, Mario -- Owen, William F Jr -- Pae, Eunice -- Parsonnet, Jeffrey -- Pavlatos, Andrew M -- Perlmutter, Aaron M -- Pierce, Michael N -- Pincus, Jonathan M -- Pisani, Leandro -- Price, Lawrence Jay -- Proia, Laurie -- Prokesch, Richard C -- Pujet, Heather Calderon -- Ramgopal, Moti -- Rathod, Almas -- Rausch, Michael -- Ravishankar, J -- Rhame, Frank S -- Richards, Constance Shamuyarira -- Richman, Douglas D -- Rodes, Berta -- Rodriguez, Milagros -- Rose, Richard C 3rd -- Rosenberg, Eric S -- Rosenthal, Daniel -- Ross, Polly E -- Rubin, David S -- Rumbaugh, Elease -- Saenz, Luis -- Salvaggio, Michelle R -- Sanchez, William C -- Sanjana, Veeraf M -- Santiago, Steven -- Schmidt, Wolfgang -- Schuitemaker, Hanneke -- Sestak, Philip M -- Shalit, Peter -- Shay, William -- Shirvani, Vivian N -- Silebi, Vanessa I -- Sizemore, James M Jr -- Skolnik, Paul R -- Sokol-Anderson, Marcia -- Sosman, James M -- Stabile, Paul -- Stapleton, Jack T -- Starrett, Sheree -- Stein, Francine -- Stellbrink, Hans-Jurgen -- Sterman, F Lisa -- Stone, Valerie E -- Stone, David R -- Tambussi, Giuseppe -- Taplitz, Randy A -- Tedaldi, Ellen M -- Theisen, William -- Torres, Richard -- Tosiello, Lorraine -- Tremblay, Cecile -- Tribble, Marc A -- Trinh, Phuong D -- Tsao, Alice -- Ueda, Peggy -- Vaccaro, Anthony -- Valadas, Emilia -- Vanig, Thanes J -- Vecino, Isabel -- Vega, Vilma M -- Veikley, Wenoah -- Wade, Barbara H -- Walworth, Charles -- Wanidworanun, Chingchai -- Ward, Douglas J -- Warner, Daniel A -- Weber, Robert D -- Webster, Duncan -- Weis, Steve -- Wheeler, David A -- White, David J -- Wilkins, Ed -- Winston, Alan -- Wlodaver, Clifford G -- van't Wout, Angelique -- Wright, David P -- Yang, Otto O -- Yurdin, David L -- Zabukovic, Brandon W -- Zachary, Kimon C -- Zeeman, Beth -- Zhao, Meng -- AI030914/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI068636/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI069415/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI069419/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI069423/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI069424/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI069428/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI069432/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI069434/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI069450/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI069452/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI069465/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI069471/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI069472/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI069474/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI069477/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI069484/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI069495/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI069501/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI069502/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI069511/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI069513/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI069532/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI069556/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI077505/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI087145/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI25859/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI27661/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI28568/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI30914/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI34835/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI34853/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI38844/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI46370/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI68634/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI69467/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AL32782/PHS HHS/ -- HHSN261200800001E/PHS HHS/ -- K23 DA019809/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- K24 AI051966/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- K24 AI064086/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- K24 AI064086-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- K24 AI069994/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- K24 AI069994-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- K24 AI069994-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- K24AI069994/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- KL2 RR024977/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- MH071205/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH085520/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P-30 AI27763/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P-30-AI060354/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI027763/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI027763-19/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI027763-20/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI050410/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI060354/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI060354-08/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI060354-09/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI028568/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI028568-18/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI028568-19/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI028568-20/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI030914/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI030914-16/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI030914-17/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI077505/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI077505-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI077505-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI087145/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI087145-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI087145-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH054907/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH071205/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH071205-04/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH071205-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R24 AI067039/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R24 AI067039-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R24 AI067039-07/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI028568/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI028568-15/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RR024975/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007061/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- TL1 RR024978/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI027661-18/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI027661-19/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI032782-13/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI034835-07/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI034835-07S3/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI034853/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI034853-11/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI034853-12/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI038844-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI038844-04S1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI038844-04S2/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI038844-04S3/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI046370-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI046370-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069419/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069419-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069419-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069423/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069423-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069423-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069424/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069424-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069424-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069428/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069428-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069428-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069432/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069432-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069432-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069434/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069434-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069434-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069450/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069450-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069450-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069452/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069452-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069452-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069465/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069465-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069465-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069467/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069467-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069467-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069471/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069471-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069471-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069472/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069472-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069472-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069474/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069474-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069474-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069477/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069477-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069477-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069484/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069484-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069484-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069495/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069495-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069495-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069501/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069501-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069501-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069502/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069502-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069502-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069511/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069511-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069511-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069513-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069513-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069532/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069532-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069532-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069556-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI069556-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH085520/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH085520-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024131/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024131-06/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024131-07/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024975/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024975-04/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024975-05/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UM1 AI068634/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UM1 AI068634-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UM1 AI068634-07/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UM1 AI068636-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UM1 AI068636-07/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UM1 AI069477/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 10;330(6010):1551-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1195271. Epub 2010 Nov 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21051598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lynch, Sharonann -- Ford, Nathan -- van Cutsem, Gilles -- Bygrave, Helen -- Janssens, Bart -- Decroo, Tom -- Andrieux-Meyer, Isabelle -- Roberts, Teri -- Balkan, Suna -- Casas, Esther -- Ferreyra, Cecilia -- Bemelmans, Marielle -- Cohn, Jen -- Kahn, Patricia -- Goemaere, Eric -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 20;337(6092):298-300. doi: 10.1126/science.1225702. Epub 2012 Jul 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medecins Sans Frontieres Access Campaign, New York, NY 10001, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22798404" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohn, John R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 20;337(6092):290. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6092.290-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22822130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Chitin is a surface component of parasites and insects, and chitinases are induced in lower life forms during infections with these agents. Although chitin itself does not exist in humans, chitinases are present in the human genome. We show here that acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) is induced via a T helper-2 (Th2)-specific, interleukin-13 (IL-13)-mediated pathway in epithelial cells and macrophages in an aeroallergen asthma model and expressed in exaggerated quantities in human asthma. AMCase neutralization ameliorated Th2 inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness, in part by inhibiting IL-13 pathway activation and chemokine induction. AMCase may thus be an important mediator of IL-13-induced responses in Th2-dominated disorders such as asthma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhu, Zhou -- Zheng, Tao -- Homer, Robert J -- Kim, Yoon-Keun -- Chen, Ning Yuan -- Cohn, Lauren -- Hamid, Qutayba -- Elias, Jack A -- P50-HL-56/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01-HL-074095/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01-HL-61904/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01-HL-64242/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01-HL-66571/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1678-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, TAC S-441, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192232" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Trust in others' honesty is a key component of the long-term performance of firms, industries, and even whole countries. However, in recent years, numerous scandals involving fraud have undermined confidence in the financial industry. Contemporary commentators have attributed these scandals to the financial sector's business culture, but no scientific evidence supports this claim. Here we show that employees of a large, international bank behave, on average, honestly in a control condition. However, when their professional identity as bank employees is rendered salient, a significant proportion of them become dishonest. This effect is specific to bank employees because control experiments with employees from other industries and with students show that they do not become more dishonest when their professional identity or bank-related items are rendered salient. Our results thus suggest that the prevailing business culture in the banking industry weakens and undermines the honesty norm, implying that measures to re-establish an honest culture are very important.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohn, Alain -- Fehr, Ernst -- Marechal, Michel Andre -- England -- Nature. 2014 Dec 4;516(7529):86-9. doi: 10.1038/nature13977. Epub 2014 Nov 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Economics, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25409154" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Medulloblastoma is a malignant childhood brain tumour comprising four discrete subgroups. Here, to identify mutations that drive medulloblastoma, we sequenced the entire genomes of 37 tumours and matched normal blood. One-hundred and thirty-six genes harbouring somatic mutations in this discovery set were sequenced in an additional 56 medulloblastomas. Recurrent mutations were detected in 41 genes not yet implicated in medulloblastoma; several target distinct components of the epigenetic machinery in different disease subgroups, such as regulators of H3K27 and H3K4 trimethylation in subgroups 3 and 4 (for example, KDM6A and ZMYM3), and CTNNB1-associated chromatin re-modellers in WNT-subgroup tumours (for example, SMARCA4 and CREBBP). Modelling of mutations in mouse lower rhombic lip progenitors that generate WNT-subgroup tumours identified genes that maintain this cell lineage (DDX3X), as well as mutated genes that initiate (CDH1) or cooperate (PIK3CA) in tumorigenesis. These data provide important new insights into the pathogenesis of medulloblastoma subgroups and highlight targets for therapeutic development.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3412905/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3412905/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robinson, Giles -- Parker, Matthew -- Kranenburg, Tanya A -- Lu, Charles -- Chen, Xiang -- Ding, Li -- Phoenix, Timothy N -- Hedlund, Erin -- Wei, Lei -- Zhu, Xiaoyan -- Chalhoub, Nader -- Baker, Suzanne J -- Huether, Robert -- Kriwacki, Richard -- Curley, Natasha -- Thiruvenkatam, Radhika -- Wang, Jianmin -- Wu, Gang -- Rusch, Michael -- Hong, Xin -- Becksfort, Jared -- Gupta, Pankaj -- Ma, Jing -- Easton, John -- Vadodaria, Bhavin -- Onar-Thomas, Arzu -- Lin, Tong -- Li, Shaoyi -- Pounds, Stanley -- Paugh, Steven -- Zhao, David -- Kawauchi, Daisuke -- Roussel, Martine F -- Finkelstein, David -- Ellison, David W -- Lau, Ching C -- Bouffet, Eric -- Hassall, Tim -- Gururangan, Sridharan -- Cohn, Richard -- Fulton, Robert S -- Fulton, Lucinda L -- Dooling, David J -- Ochoa, Kerri -- Gajjar, Amar -- Mardis, Elaine R -- Wilson, Richard K -- Downing, James R -- Zhang, Jinghui -- Gilbertson, Richard J -- P01 CA096832/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01CA96832/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA021765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30CA021765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA129541/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA129541/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Aug 2;488(7409):43-8. doi: 10.1038/nature11213.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22722829" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), the gene product that is mutated in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, has a well-recognized function as a cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-regulated chloride channel, but this property does not account for the abnormally high basal rate and cAMP sensitivity of sodium ion absorption in CF airway epithelia. Expression of complementary DNAs for rat epithelial Na+ channel (rENaC) alone in Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells generated large amiloride-sensitive sodium currents that were stimulated by cAMP, whereas coexpression of human CFTR with rENaC generated smaller basal sodium currents that were inhibited by cAMP. Parallel studies that measured regulation of sodium permeability in fibroblasts showed similar results. In CF airway epithelia, the absence of this second function of CFTR as a cAMP-dependent regulator likely accounts for abnormal sodium transport.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stutts, M J -- Canessa, C M -- Olsen, J C -- Hamrick, M -- Cohn, J A -- Rossier, B C -- Boucher, R C -- CFF R026/PHS HHS/ -- HL 34322/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 42384/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 11;269(5225):847-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599-7020, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7543698" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Tritium-labeled complementary RNA's to two cloned sea urchin DNA sequences, one coding for histones H1, H2B, and H4 and the other for H2A and H3, were hybridized in situ to high resolution human chromosomes. Evidence is presented showing that the histone genes in man are localized in bands q32-36 on the long arm of chromosome 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chandler, M E -- Kedes, L H -- Cohn, R H -- Yunis, J J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 31;205(4409):908-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472711" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉