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  • 1
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    Evolutionary and biomedical insights from the rhesus macaque genome (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-14
    Description: The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is an abundant primate species that diverged from the ancestors of Homo sapiens about 25 million years ago. Because they are genetically and physiologically similar to humans, rhesus monkeys are the most widely used nonhuman primate in basic and applied biomedical research. We determined the genome sequence of an Indian-origin Macaca mulatta female and compared the data with chimpanzees and humans to reveal the structure of ancestral primate genomes and to identify evidence for positive selection and lineage-specific expansions and contractions of gene families. A comparison of sequences from individual animals was used to investigate their underlying genetic diversity. The complete description of the macaque genome blueprint enhances the utility of this animal model for biomedical research and improves our understanding of the basic biology of the species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rhesus Macaque Genome Sequencing and Analysis Consortium -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Rogers, Jeffrey -- Katze, Michael G -- Bumgarner, Roger -- Weinstock, George M -- Mardis, Elaine R -- Remington, Karin A -- Strausberg, Robert L -- Venter, J Craig -- Wilson, Richard K -- Batzer, Mark A -- Bustamante, Carlos D -- Eichler, Evan E -- Hahn, Matthew W -- Hardison, Ross C -- Makova, Kateryna D -- Miller, Webb -- Milosavljevic, Aleksandar -- Palermo, Robert E -- Siepel, Adam -- Sikela, James M -- Attaway, Tony -- Bell, Stephanie -- Bernard, Kelly E -- Buhay, Christian J -- Chandrabose, Mimi N -- Dao, Marvin -- Davis, Clay -- Delehaunty, Kimberly D -- Ding, Yan -- Dinh, Huyen H -- Dugan-Rocha, Shannon -- Fulton, Lucinda A -- Gabisi, Ramatu Ayiesha -- Garner, Toni T -- Godfrey, Jennifer -- Hawes, Alicia C -- Hernandez, Judith -- Hines, Sandra -- Holder, Michael -- Hume, Jennifer -- Jhangiani, Shalini N -- Joshi, Vandita -- Khan, Ziad Mohid -- Kirkness, Ewen F -- Cree, Andrew -- Fowler, R Gerald -- Lee, Sandra -- Lewis, Lora R -- Li, Zhangwan -- Liu, Yih-Shin -- Moore, Stephanie M -- Muzny, Donna -- Nazareth, Lynne V -- Ngo, Dinh Ngoc -- Okwuonu, Geoffrey O -- Pai, Grace -- Parker, David -- Paul, Heidie A -- Pfannkoch, Cynthia -- Pohl, Craig S -- Rogers, Yu-Hui -- Ruiz, San Juana -- Sabo, Aniko -- Santibanez, Jireh -- Schneider, Brian W -- Smith, Scott M -- Sodergren, Erica -- Svatek, Amanda F -- Utterback, Teresa R -- Vattathil, Selina -- Warren, Wesley -- White, Courtney Sherell -- Chinwalla, Asif T -- Feng, Yucheng -- Halpern, Aaron L -- Hillier, Ladeana W -- Huang, Xiaoqiu -- Minx, Pat -- Nelson, Joanne O -- Pepin, Kymberlie H -- Qin, Xiang -- Sutton, Granger G -- Venter, Eli -- Walenz, Brian P -- Wallis, John W -- Worley, Kim C -- Yang, Shiaw-Pyng -- Jones, Steven M -- Marra, Marco A -- Rocchi, Mariano -- Schein, Jacqueline E -- Baertsch, Robert -- Clarke, Laura -- Csuros, Miklos -- Glasscock, Jarret -- Harris, R Alan -- Havlak, Paul -- Jackson, Andrew R -- Jiang, Huaiyang -- Liu, Yue -- Messina, David N -- Shen, Yufeng -- Song, Henry Xing-Zhi -- Wylie, Todd -- Zhang, Lan -- Birney, Ewan -- Han, Kyudong -- Konkel, Miriam K -- Lee, Jungnam -- Smit, Arian F A -- Ullmer, Brygg -- Wang, Hui -- Xing, Jinchuan -- Burhans, Richard -- Cheng, Ze -- Karro, John E -- Ma, Jian -- Raney, Brian -- She, Xinwei -- Cox, Michael J -- Demuth, Jeffery P -- Dumas, Laura J -- Han, Sang-Gook -- Hopkins, Janet -- Karimpour-Fard, Anis -- Kim, Young H -- Pollack, Jonathan R -- Vinar, Tomas -- Addo-Quaye, Charles -- Degenhardt, Jeremiah -- Denby, Alexandra -- Hubisz, Melissa J -- Indap, Amit -- Kosiol, Carolin -- Lahn, Bruce T -- Lawson, Heather A -- Marklein, Alison -- Nielsen, Rasmus -- Vallender, Eric J -- Clark, Andrew G -- Ferguson, Betsy -- Hernandez, Ryan D -- Hirani, Kashif -- Kehrer-Sawatzki, Hildegard -- Kolb, Jessica -- Patil, Shobha -- Pu, Ling-Ling -- Ren, Yanru -- Smith, David Glenn -- Wheeler, David A -- Schenck, Ian -- Ball, Edward V -- Chen, Rui -- Cooper, David N -- Giardine, Belinda -- Hsu, Fan -- Kent, W James -- Lesk, Arthur -- Nelson, David L -- O'brien, William E -- Prufer, Kay -- Stenson, Peter D -- Wallace, James C -- Ke, Hui -- Liu, Xiao-Ming -- Wang, Peng -- Xiang, Andy Peng -- Yang, Fan -- Barber, Galt P -- Haussler, David -- Karolchik, Donna -- Kern, Andy D -- Kuhn, Robert M -- Smith, Kayla E -- Zwieg, Ann S -- 062023/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- R01 HG002939/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003068/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003079/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 13;316(5822):222-34.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. agibbs@bcm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17431167" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomedical Research ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Gene Duplication ; Gene Rearrangement ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta/*genetics ; Male ; Multigene Family ; Mutation ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Whole-genome sequencing identifies recurrent mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-07
    Description: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), the most frequent leukaemia in adults in Western countries, is a heterogeneous disease with variable clinical presentation and evolution. Two major molecular subtypes can be distinguished, characterized respectively by a high or low number of somatic hypermutations in the variable region of immunoglobulin genes. The molecular changes leading to the pathogenesis of the disease are still poorly understood. Here we performed whole-genome sequencing of four cases of CLL and identified 46 somatic mutations that potentially affect gene function. Further analysis of these mutations in 363 patients with CLL identified four genes that are recurrently mutated: notch 1 (NOTCH1), exportin 1 (XPO1), myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MYD88) and kelch-like 6 (KLHL6). Mutations in MYD88 and KLHL6 are predominant in cases of CLL with mutated immunoglobulin genes, whereas NOTCH1 and XPO1 mutations are mainly detected in patients with unmutated immunoglobulins. The patterns of somatic mutation, supported by functional and clinical analyses, strongly indicate that the recurrent NOTCH1, MYD88 and XPO1 mutations are oncogenic changes that contribute to the clinical evolution of the disease. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive analysis of CLL combining whole-genome sequencing with clinical characteristics and clinical outcomes. It highlights the usefulness of this approach for the identification of clinically relevant mutations in cancer.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3322590/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3322590/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Puente, Xose S -- Pinyol, Magda -- Quesada, Victor -- Conde, Laura -- Ordonez, Gonzalo R -- Villamor, Neus -- Escaramis, Georgia -- Jares, Pedro -- Bea, Silvia -- Gonzalez-Diaz, Marcos -- Bassaganyas, Laia -- Baumann, Tycho -- Juan, Manel -- Lopez-Guerra, Monica -- Colomer, Dolors -- Tubio, Jose M C -- Lopez, Cristina -- Navarro, Alba -- Tornador, Cristian -- Aymerich, Marta -- Rozman, Maria -- Hernandez, Jesus M -- Puente, Diana A -- Freije, Jose M P -- Velasco, Gloria -- Gutierrez-Fernandez, Ana -- Costa, Dolors -- Carrio, Anna -- Guijarro, Sara -- Enjuanes, Anna -- Hernandez, Lluis -- Yague, Jordi -- Nicolas, Pilar -- Romeo-Casabona, Carlos M -- Himmelbauer, Heinz -- Castillo, Ester -- Dohm, Juliane C -- de Sanjose, Silvia -- Piris, Miguel A -- de Alava, Enrique -- San Miguel, Jesus -- Royo, Romina -- Gelpi, Josep L -- Torrents, David -- Orozco, Modesto -- Pisano, David G -- Valencia, Alfonso -- Guigo, Roderic -- Bayes, Monica -- Heath, Simon -- Gut, Marta -- Klatt, Peter -- Marshall, John -- Raine, Keiran -- Stebbings, Lucy A -- Futreal, P Andrew -- Stratton, Michael R -- Campbell, Peter J -- Gut, Ivo -- Lopez-Guillermo, Armando -- Estivill, Xavier -- Montserrat, Emili -- Lopez-Otin, Carlos -- Campo, Elias -- 088340/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 093867/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 5;475(7354):101-5. doi: 10.1038/nature10113.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncologia, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21642962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Humans ; Karyopherins/genetics ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation/*genetics ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/chemistry/genetics ; Receptor, Notch1/genetics ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics ; Reproducibility of Results
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-03-25
    Description: The fly Drosophila melanogaster is one of the most intensively studied organisms in biology and serves as a model system for the investigation of many developmental and cellular processes common to higher eukaryotes, including humans. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of nearly all of the approximately 120-megabase euchromatic portion of the Drosophila genome using a whole-genome shotgun sequencing strategy supported by extensive clone-based sequence and a high-quality bacterial artificial chromosome physical map. Efforts are under way to close the remaining gaps; however, the sequence is of sufficient accuracy and contiguity to be declared substantially complete and to support an initial analysis of genome structure and preliminary gene annotation and interpretation. The genome encodes approximately 13,600 genes, somewhat fewer than the smaller Caenorhabditis elegans genome, but with comparable functional diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adams, M D -- Celniker, S E -- Holt, R A -- Evans, C A -- Gocayne, J D -- Amanatides, P G -- Scherer, S E -- Li, P W -- Hoskins, R A -- Galle, R F -- George, R A -- Lewis, S E -- Richards, S -- Ashburner, M -- Henderson, S N -- Sutton, G G -- Wortman, J R -- Yandell, M D -- Zhang, Q -- Chen, L X -- Brandon, R C -- Rogers, Y H -- Blazej, R G -- Champe, M -- Pfeiffer, B D -- Wan, K H -- Doyle, C -- Baxter, E G -- Helt, G -- Nelson, C R -- Gabor, G L -- Abril, J F -- Agbayani, A -- An, H J -- Andrews-Pfannkoch, C -- Baldwin, D -- Ballew, R M -- Basu, A -- Baxendale, J -- Bayraktaroglu, L -- Beasley, E M -- Beeson, K Y -- Benos, P V -- Berman, B P -- Bhandari, D -- Bolshakov, S -- Borkova, D -- Botchan, M R -- Bouck, J -- Brokstein, P -- Brottier, P -- Burtis, K C -- Busam, D A -- Butler, H -- Cadieu, E -- Center, A -- Chandra, I -- Cherry, J M -- Cawley, S -- Dahlke, C -- Davenport, L B -- Davies, P -- de Pablos, B -- Delcher, A -- Deng, Z -- Mays, A D -- Dew, I -- Dietz, S M -- Dodson, K -- Doup, L E -- Downes, M -- Dugan-Rocha, S -- Dunkov, B C -- Dunn, P -- Durbin, K J -- Evangelista, C C -- Ferraz, C -- Ferriera, S -- Fleischmann, W -- Fosler, C -- Gabrielian, A E -- Garg, N S -- Gelbart, W M -- Glasser, K -- Glodek, A -- Gong, F -- Gorrell, J H -- Gu, Z -- Guan, P -- Harris, M -- Harris, N L -- Harvey, D -- Heiman, T J -- Hernandez, J R -- Houck, J -- Hostin, D -- Houston, K A -- Howland, T J -- Wei, M H -- Ibegwam, C -- Jalali, M -- Kalush, F -- Karpen, G H -- Ke, Z -- Kennison, J A -- Ketchum, K A -- Kimmel, B E -- Kodira, C D -- Kraft, C -- Kravitz, S -- Kulp, D -- Lai, Z -- Lasko, P -- Lei, Y -- Levitsky, A A -- Li, J -- Li, Z -- Liang, Y -- Lin, X -- Liu, X -- Mattei, B -- McIntosh, T C -- McLeod, M P -- McPherson, D -- Merkulov, G -- Milshina, N V -- Mobarry, C -- Morris, J -- Moshrefi, A -- Mount, S M -- Moy, M -- Murphy, B -- Murphy, L -- Muzny, D M -- Nelson, D L -- Nelson, D R -- Nelson, K A -- Nixon, K -- Nusskern, D R -- Pacleb, J M -- Palazzolo, M -- Pittman, G S -- Pan, S -- Pollard, J -- Puri, V -- Reese, M G -- Reinert, K -- Remington, K -- Saunders, R D -- Scheeler, F -- Shen, H -- Shue, B C -- Siden-Kiamos, I -- Simpson, M -- Skupski, M P -- Smith, T -- Spier, E -- Spradling, A C -- Stapleton, M -- Strong, R -- Sun, E -- Svirskas, R -- Tector, C -- Turner, R -- Venter, E -- Wang, A H -- Wang, X -- Wang, Z Y -- Wassarman, D A -- Weinstock, G M -- Weissenbach, J -- Williams, S M -- WoodageT -- Worley, K C -- Wu, D -- Yang, S -- Yao, Q A -- Ye, J -- Yeh, R F -- Zaveri, J S -- Zhan, M -- Zhang, G -- Zhao, Q -- Zheng, L -- Zheng, X H -- Zhong, F N -- Zhong, W -- Zhou, X -- Zhu, S -- Zhu, X -- Smith, H O -- Gibbs, R A -- Myers, E W -- Rubin, G M -- Venter, J C -- P50-HG00750/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 24;287(5461):2185-95.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Celera Genomics, 45 West Gude Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10731132" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Transport/genetics ; Chromatin/genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Computational Biology ; Contig Mapping ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics ; DNA Repair/genetics ; DNA Replication/genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/metabolism ; Euchromatin ; Gene Library ; Genes, Insect ; *Genome ; Heterochromatin/genetics ; Insect Proteins/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics ; Protein Biosynthesis ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    A conserved HIV gp120 glycoprotein structure involved in chemokine receptor binding (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-25
    Description: The entry of primate immunodeficiency viruses into target cells depends on a sequential interaction of the gp120 envelope glycoprotein with the cellular receptors, CD4 and members of the chemokine receptor family. The gp120 third variable (V3) loop has been implicated in chemokine receptor binding, but the use of the CCR5 chemokine receptor by diverse primate immunodeficiency viruses suggests the involvement of an additional, conserved gp120 element. Through the use of gp120 mutants, a highly conserved gp120 structure was shown to be critical for CCR5 binding. This structure is located adjacent to the V3 loop and contains neutralization epitopes induced by CD4 binding. This conserved element may be a useful target for pharmacologic or prophylactic intervention in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rizzuto, C D -- Wyatt, R -- Hernandez-Ramos, N -- Sun, Y -- Kwong, P D -- Hendrickson, W A -- Sodroski, J -- AI 40895/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 41851/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 19;280(5371):1949-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9632396" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Antigens, CD4/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; HIV Antibodies/immunology ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/*chemistry/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; HIV-1/*chemistry/immunology ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, CCR5/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    The genome of the model beetle and pest Tribolium castaneum (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-26
    Description: Tribolium castaneum is a member of the most species-rich eukaryotic order, a powerful model organism for the study of generalized insect development, and an important pest of stored agricultural products. We describe its genome sequence here. This omnivorous beetle has evolved the ability to interact with a diverse chemical environment, as shown by large expansions in odorant and gustatory receptors, as well as P450 and other detoxification enzymes. Development in Tribolium is more representative of other insects than is Drosophila, a fact reflected in gene content and function. For example, Tribolium has retained more ancestral genes involved in cell-cell communication than Drosophila, some being expressed in the growth zone crucial for axial elongation in short-germ development. Systemic RNA interference in T. castaneum functions differently from that in Caenorhabditis elegans, but nevertheless offers similar power for the elucidation of gene function and identification of targets for selective insect control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tribolium Genome Sequencing Consortium -- Richards, Stephen -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Weinstock, George M -- Brown, Susan J -- Denell, Robin -- Beeman, Richard W -- Gibbs, Richard -- Bucher, Gregor -- Friedrich, Markus -- Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J P -- Klingler, Martin -- Lorenzen, Marce -- Roth, Siegfried -- Schroder, Reinhard -- Tautz, Diethard -- Zdobnov, Evgeny M -- Muzny, Donna -- Attaway, Tony -- Bell, Stephanie -- Buhay, Christian J -- Chandrabose, Mimi N -- Chavez, Dean -- Clerk-Blankenburg, Kerstin P -- Cree, Andrew -- Dao, Marvin -- Davis, Clay -- Chacko, Joseph -- Dinh, Huyen -- Dugan-Rocha, Shannon -- Fowler, Gerald -- Garner, Toni T -- Garnes, Jeffrey -- Gnirke, Andreas -- Hawes, Alica -- Hernandez, Judith -- Hines, Sandra -- Holder, Michael -- Hume, Jennifer -- Jhangiani, Shalini N -- Joshi, Vandita -- Khan, Ziad Mohid -- Jackson, LaRonda -- Kovar, Christie -- Kowis, Andrea -- Lee, Sandra -- Lewis, Lora R -- Margolis, Jon -- Morgan, Margaret -- Nazareth, Lynne V -- Nguyen, Ngoc -- Okwuonu, Geoffrey -- Parker, David -- Ruiz, San-Juana -- Santibanez, Jireh -- Savard, Joel -- Scherer, Steven E -- Schneider, Brian -- Sodergren, Erica -- Vattahil, Selina -- Villasana, Donna -- White, Courtney S -- Wright, Rita -- Park, Yoonseong -- Lord, Jeff -- Oppert, Brenda -- Brown, Susan -- Wang, Liangjiang -- Weinstock, George -- Liu, Yue -- Worley, Kim -- Elsik, Christine G -- Reese, Justin T -- Elhaik, Eran -- Landan, Giddy -- Graur, Dan -- Arensburger, Peter -- Atkinson, Peter -- Beidler, Jim -- Demuth, Jeffery P -- Drury, Douglas W -- Du, Yu-Zhou -- Fujiwara, Haruhiko -- Maselli, Vincenza -- Osanai, Mizuko -- Robertson, Hugh M -- Tu, Zhijian -- Wang, Jian-jun -- Wang, Suzhi -- Song, Henry -- Zhang, Lan -- Werner, Doreen -- Stanke, Mario -- Morgenstern, Burkhard -- Solovyev, Victor -- Kosarev, Peter -- Brown, Garth -- Chen, Hsiu-Chuan -- Ermolaeva, Olga -- Hlavina, Wratko -- Kapustin, Yuri -- Kiryutin, Boris -- Kitts, Paul -- Maglott, Donna -- Pruitt, Kim -- Sapojnikov, Victor -- Souvorov, Alexandre -- Mackey, Aaron J -- Waterhouse, Robert M -- Wyder, Stefan -- Kriventseva, Evgenia V -- Kadowaki, Tatsuhiko -- Bork, Peer -- Aranda, Manuel -- Bao, Riyue -- Beermann, Anke -- Berns, Nicola -- Bolognesi, Renata -- Bonneton, Francois -- Bopp, Daniel -- Butts, Thomas -- Chaumot, Arnaud -- Denell, Robin E -- Ferrier, David E K -- Gordon, Cassondra M -- Jindra, Marek -- Lan, Que -- Lattorff, H Michael G -- Laudet, Vincent -- von Levetsow, Cornelia -- Liu, Zhenyi -- Lutz, Rebekka -- Lynch, Jeremy A -- da Fonseca, Rodrigo Nunes -- Posnien, Nico -- Reuter, Rolf -- Schinko, Johannes B -- Schmitt, Christian -- Schoppmeier, Michael -- Shippy, Teresa D -- Simonnet, Franck -- Marques-Souza, Henrique -- Tomoyasu, Yoshinori -- Trauner, Jochen -- Van der Zee, Maurijn -- Vervoort, Michel -- Wittkopp, Nadine -- Wimmer, Ernst A -- Yang, Xiaoyun -- Jones, Andrew K -- Sattelle, David B -- Ebert, Paul R -- Nelson, David -- Scott, Jeffrey G -- Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam -- Kramer, Karl J -- Arakane, Yasuyuki -- Zhu, Qingsong -- Hogenkamp, David -- Dixit, Radhika -- Jiang, Haobo -- Zou, Zhen -- Marshall, Jeremy -- Elpidina, Elena -- Vinokurov, Konstantin -- Oppert, Cris -- Evans, Jay -- Lu, Zhiqiang -- Zhao, Picheng -- Sumathipala, Niranji -- Altincicek, Boran -- Vilcinskas, Andreas -- Williams, Michael -- Hultmark, Dan -- Hetru, Charles -- Hauser, Frank -- Cazzamali, Giuseppe -- Williamson, Michael -- Li, Bin -- Tanaka, Yoshiaki -- Predel, Reinhard -- Neupert, Susanne -- Schachtner, Joachim -- Verleyen, Peter -- Raible, Florian -- Walden, Kimberly K O -- Angeli, Sergio -- Foret, Sylvain -- Schuetz, Stefan -- Maleszka, Ryszard -- Miller, Sherry C -- Grossmann, Daniela -- BBS/B/12067/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBS/B/12067/2/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 GM058634/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD029594/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD029594-16/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Apr 24;452(7190):949-55. doi: 10.1038/nature06784. Epub 2008 Mar 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. stephenr@bcm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18362917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Composition ; Body Patterning/genetics ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics ; DNA Transposable Elements/genetics ; Genes, Insect/*genetics ; Genome, Insect/*genetics ; Growth and Development/genetics ; Humans ; Insecticides/pharmacology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/genetics ; Oogenesis/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Proteome/genetics ; RNA Interference ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics ; Receptors, Odorant/genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics ; Taste/genetics ; Telomere/genetics ; Tribolium/classification/embryology/*genetics/physiology ; Vision, Ocular/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Primate archaeology (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-17
    Description: All modern humans use tools to overcome limitations of our anatomy and to make difficult tasks easier. However, if tool use is such an advantage, we may ask why it is not evolved to the same degree in other species. To answer this question, we need to bring a long-term perspective to the material record of other members of our own order, the Primates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haslam, Michael -- Hernandez-Aguilar, Adriana -- Ling, Victoria -- Carvalho, Susana -- de la Torre, Ignacio -- DeStefano, April -- Du, Andrew -- Hardy, Bruce -- Harris, Jack -- Marchant, Linda -- Matsuzawa, Tetsuro -- McGrew, William -- Mercader, Julio -- Mora, Rafael -- Petraglia, Michael -- Roche, Helene -- Visalberghi, Elisabetta -- Warren, Rebecca -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 16;460(7253):339-44. doi: 10.1038/nature08188.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK. mah66@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19606139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild/physiology/psychology ; *Archaeology/trends ; *Behavior, Animal ; Hominidae ; Human Characteristics ; Humans ; *Primates/physiology/psychology ; *Technology/methods
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    A Jurassic ceratosaur from China helps clarify avian digital homologies (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-19
    Description: Theropods have traditionally been assumed to have lost manual digits from the lateral side inward, which differs from the bilateral reduction pattern seen in other tetrapod groups. This unusual reduction pattern is clearly present in basal theropods, and has also been inferred in non-avian tetanurans based on identification of their three digits as the medial ones of the hand (I-II-III). This contradicts the many developmental studies indicating II-III-IV identities for the three manual digits of the only extant tetanurans, the birds. Here we report a new basal ceratosaur from the Oxfordian stage of the Jurassic period of China (156-161 million years ago), representing the first known Asian ceratosaur and the only known beaked, herbivorous Jurassic theropod. Most significantly, this taxon possesses a strongly reduced manual digit I, documenting a complex pattern of digital reduction within the Theropoda. Comparisons among theropod hands show that the three manual digits of basal tetanurans are similar in many metacarpal features to digits II-III-IV, but in phalangeal features to digits I-II-III, of more basal theropods. Given II-III-IV identities in avians, the simplest interpretation is that these identities were shared by all tetanurans. The transition to tetanurans involved complex changes in the hand including a shift in digit identities, with ceratosaurs displaying an intermediate condition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Xing -- Clark, James M -- Mo, Jinyou -- Choiniere, Jonah -- Forster, Catherine A -- Erickson, Gregory M -- Hone, David W E -- Sullivan, Corwin -- Eberth, David A -- Nesbitt, Sterling -- Zhao, Qi -- Hernandez, Rene -- Jia, Cheng-kai -- Han, Feng-lu -- Guo, Yu -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jun 18;459(7249):940-4. doi: 10.1038/nature08124.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Beijing 100044, China. xingxu@vip.sina.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19536256" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/*anatomy & histology ; China ; Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology ; Extremities/*anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; Phylogeny
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
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    Interleukin-22 promotes intestinal-stem-cell-mediated epithelial regeneration (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-10
    Description: Epithelial regeneration is critical for barrier maintenance and organ function after intestinal injury. The intestinal stem cell (ISC) niche provides Wnt, Notch and epidermal growth factor (EGF) signals supporting Lgr5(+) crypt base columnar ISCs for normal epithelial maintenance. However, little is known about the regulation of the ISC compartment after tissue damage. Using ex vivo organoid cultures, here we show that innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), potent producers of interleukin-22 (IL-22) after intestinal injury, increase the growth of mouse small intestine organoids in an IL-22-dependent fashion. Recombinant IL-22 directly targeted ISCs, augmenting the growth of both mouse and human intestinal organoids, increasing proliferation and promoting ISC expansion. IL-22 induced STAT3 phosphorylation in Lgr5(+) ISCs, and STAT3 was crucial for both organoid formation and IL-22-mediated regeneration. Treatment with IL-22 in vivo after mouse allogeneic bone marrow transplantation enhanced the recovery of ISCs, increased epithelial regeneration and reduced intestinal pathology and mortality from graft-versus-host disease. ATOH1-deficient organoid culture demonstrated that IL-22 induced epithelial regeneration independently of the Paneth cell niche. Our findings reveal a fundamental mechanism by which the immune system is able to support the intestinal epithelium, activating ISCs to promote regeneration.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4720437/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4720437/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lindemans, Caroline A -- Calafiore, Marco -- Mertelsmann, Anna M -- O'Connor, Margaret H -- Dudakov, Jarrod A -- Jenq, Robert R -- Velardi, Enrico -- Young, Lauren F -- Smith, Odette M -- Lawrence, Gillian -- Ivanov, Juliet A -- Fu, Ya-Yuan -- Takashima, Shuichiro -- Hua, Guoqiang -- Martin, Maria L -- O'Rourke, Kevin P -- Lo, Yuan-Hung -- Mokry, Michal -- Romera-Hernandez, Monica -- Cupedo, Tom -- Dow, Lukas E -- Nieuwenhuis, Edward E -- Shroyer, Noah F -- Liu, Chen -- Kolesnick, Richard -- van den Brink, Marcel R M -- Hanash, Alan M -- HHSN272200900059C/PHS HHS/ -- K08 HL115355/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K08-HL115355/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K99 CA176376/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K99-CA176376/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA023766/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01-CA023766/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30-CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI080455/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI100288/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI101406/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL069929/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL125571/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI080455/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI100288/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI101406/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-HL069929/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01-HL125571/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI116497/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 24;528(7583):560-4. doi: 10.1038/nature16460. Epub 2015 Dec 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands. ; Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia. ; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA. ; Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Department of Cancer Biology &Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. ; Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands. ; Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26649819" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Epithelial Cells/*cytology/immunology/pathology ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease/pathology ; Humans ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Interleukins/deficiency/*immunology ; Intestinal Mucosa/*cytology/immunology/pathology ; Intestine, Small/*cytology/immunology/pathology ; Mice ; Organoids/cytology/growth & development/immunology ; Paneth Cells/cytology ; Phosphorylation ; *Regeneration ; STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cell Niche ; Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Hypothalamic POMC neurons promote cannabinoid-induced feeding (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-25
    Description: Hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons promote satiety. Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) is critical for the central regulation of food intake. Here we test whether CB1R-controlled feeding in sated mice is paralleled by decreased activity of POMC neurons. We show that chemical promotion of CB1R activity increases feeding, and notably, CB1R activation also promotes neuronal activity of POMC cells. This paradoxical increase in POMC activity was crucial for CB1R-induced feeding, because designer-receptors-exclusively-activated-by-designer-drugs (DREADD)-mediated inhibition of POMC neurons diminishes, whereas DREADD-mediated activation of POMC neurons enhances CB1R-driven feeding. The Pomc gene encodes both the anorexigenic peptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and the opioid peptide beta-endorphin. CB1R activation selectively increases beta-endorphin but not alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone release in the hypothalamus, and systemic or hypothalamic administration of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone blocks acute CB1R-induced feeding. These processes involve mitochondrial adaptations that, when blocked, abolish CB1R-induced cellular responses and feeding. Together, these results uncover a previously unsuspected role of POMC neurons in the promotion of feeding by cannabinoids.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4496586/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4496586/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koch, Marco -- Varela, Luis -- Kim, Jae Geun -- Kim, Jung Dae -- Hernandez-Nuno, Francisco -- Simonds, Stephanie E -- Castorena, Carlos M -- Vianna, Claudia R -- Elmquist, Joel K -- Morozov, Yury M -- Rakic, Pasko -- Bechmann, Ingo -- Cowley, Michael A -- Szigeti-Buck, Klara -- Dietrich, Marcelo O -- Gao, Xiao-Bing -- Diano, Sabrina -- Horvath, Tamas L -- DP1 DK098058/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DP1DK098058/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS062686/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG040236/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA023999/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01AG040236/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01DK097566/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK053301/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Mar 5;519(7541):45-50. doi: 10.1038/nature14260. Epub 2015 Feb 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA [2] Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. ; Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. ; 1] Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA [2] Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. ; Obesity &Diabetes Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia. ; Division of Endocrinology &Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. ; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. ; 1] Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA [2] Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. ; Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. ; 1] Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA [2] Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. ; 1] Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA [2] Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA [3] Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. ; 1] Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA [2] Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA [3] Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA [4] Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25707796" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cannabinoids/*pharmacology ; Eating/*drug effects/*physiology ; Energy Metabolism/drug effects ; Hypothalamus/*cytology/drug effects/physiology ; Ion Channels/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mitochondria/drug effects/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Neurons/*drug effects/*metabolism ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin/*metabolism ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists/metabolism ; Satiety Response/drug effects/physiology ; alpha-MSH/secretion ; beta-Endorphin/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Subcellular calcium transients visualized by confocal microscopy in a voltage-clamped vertebrate neuron (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-02-16
    Description: Confocal laser-scanned microscopy and long-wavelength calcium (Ca2+) indicators were combined to monitor both sustained and rapidly dissipating Ca2+ gradients in voltage-clamped sympathetic neurons isolated from the bullfrog. After a brief activation of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, Ca2+ spreads inwardly, and reaches the center of these spherical cells in about 300 milliseconds. Although the Ca2+ redistribution in the bulk of the cytosol could be accounted for with a radial diffusion model, local nonlinearities, suggesting either nonuniform Ca2+ entry or spatial buffering, could be seen. After electrical stimulation, Ca2+ signals in the nucleus were consistently larger and decayed more slowly than those in the cytosol. A similar behavior was observed when release of intracellular Ca2+ was induced by caffeine, suggesting that in both cases large responses originate from Ca2+ release sites near or within the nucleus. These results are consistent with an amplification mechanism involving Ca2(+)-induced Ca2+ release, which could be relevant to activity-dependent, Ca2(+)-regulated nuclear events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hernandez-Cruz, A -- Sala, F -- Adams, P R -- NS1857906/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 16;247(4944):858-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2154851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caffeine/pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/*physiology ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Ganglia, Sympathetic/drug effects/physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kinetics ; Membrane Potentials ; Microscopy, Fluorescence/methods ; Neurons/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Rana catesbeiana
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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