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  • Male  (5)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (4)
  • *Ecosystem  (2)
  • 1
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    A partial pelvis of Australopithecus sediba (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-09-10
    Beschreibung: The fossil record of the hominin pelvis reflects important evolutionary changes in locomotion and parturition. The partial pelves of two individuals of Australopithecus sediba were reconstructed from previously reported finds and new material. These remains share some features with australopiths, such as large biacetabular diameter, small sacral and coxal joints, and long pubic rami. The specimens also share derived features with Homo, including more vertically oriented and sigmoid-shaped iliac blades, greater robusticity of the iliac body, sinusoidal anterior iliac borders, shortened ischia, and more superiorly oriented pubic rami. These derived features appear in a species with a small adult brain size, suggesting that the birthing of larger-brained babies was not driving the evolution of the pelvis at this time.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kibii, Job M -- Churchill, Steven E -- Schmid, Peter -- Carlson, Kristian J -- Reed, Nichelle D -- de Ruiter, Darryl J -- Berger, Lee R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 9;333(6048):1407-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1202521. Epub 2011 Sep 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Brain/anatomy & histology ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Humans ; Ilium/anatomy & histology ; Ischium/anatomy & histology ; Locomotion ; Male ; Parturition ; Pelvic Bones/*anatomy & histology ; Pelvis/*anatomy & histology ; Pubic Bone/anatomy & histology ; Sacrum/anatomy & histology ; South Africa
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Inclusive fitness theory and eusociality (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-03-25
    Beschreibung: Arising from M. A. Nowak, C. E. Tarnita & E. O. Wilson 466, 1057-1062 (2010); Nowak et al. reply. Nowak et al. argue that inclusive fitness theory has been of little value in explaining the natural world, and that it has led to negligible progress in explaining the evolution of eusociality. However, we believe that their arguments are based upon a misunderstanding of evolutionary theory and a misrepresentation of the empirical literature. We will focus our comments on three general issues.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3836173/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3836173/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abbot, Patrick -- Abe, Jun -- Alcock, John -- Alizon, Samuel -- Alpedrinha, Joao A C -- Andersson, Malte -- Andre, Jean-Baptiste -- van Baalen, Minus -- Balloux, Francois -- Balshine, Sigal -- Barton, Nick -- Beukeboom, Leo W -- Biernaskie, Jay M -- Bilde, Trine -- Borgia, Gerald -- Breed, Michael -- Brown, Sam -- Bshary, Redouan -- Buckling, Angus -- Burley, Nancy T -- Burton-Chellew, Max N -- Cant, Michael A -- Chapuisat, Michel -- Charnov, Eric L -- Clutton-Brock, Tim -- Cockburn, Andrew -- Cole, Blaine J -- Colegrave, Nick -- Cosmides, Leda -- Couzin, Iain D -- Coyne, Jerry A -- Creel, Scott -- Crespi, Bernard -- Curry, Robert L -- Dall, Sasha R X -- Day, Troy -- Dickinson, Janis L -- Dugatkin, Lee Alan -- El Mouden, Claire -- Emlen, Stephen T -- Evans, Jay -- Ferriere, Regis -- Field, Jeremy -- Foitzik, Susanne -- Foster, Kevin -- Foster, William A -- Fox, Charles W -- Gadau, Juergen -- Gandon, Sylvain -- Gardner, Andy -- Gardner, Michael G -- Getty, Thomas -- Goodisman, Michael A D -- Grafen, Alan -- Grosberg, Rick -- Grozinger, Christina M -- Gouyon, Pierre-Henri -- Gwynne, Darryl -- Harvey, Paul H -- Hatchwell, Ben J -- Heinze, Jurgen -- Helantera, Heikki -- Helms, Ken R -- Hill, Kim -- Jiricny, Natalie -- Johnstone, Rufus A -- Kacelnik, Alex -- Kiers, E Toby -- Kokko, Hanna -- Komdeur, Jan -- Korb, Judith -- Kronauer, Daniel -- Kummerli, Rolf -- Lehmann, Laurent -- Linksvayer, Timothy A -- Lion, Sebastien -- Lyon, Bruce -- Marshall, James A R -- McElreath, Richard -- Michalakis, Yannis -- Michod, Richard E -- Mock, Douglas -- Monnin, Thibaud -- Montgomerie, Robert -- Moore, Allen J -- Mueller, Ulrich G -- Noe, Ronald -- Okasha, Samir -- Pamilo, Pekka -- Parker, Geoff A -- Pedersen, Jes S -- Pen, Ido -- Pfennig, David -- Queller, David C -- Rankin, Daniel J -- Reece, Sarah E -- Reeve, Hudson K -- Reuter, Max -- Roberts, Gilbert -- Robson, Simon K A -- Roze, Denis -- Rousset, Francois -- Rueppell, Olav -- Sachs, Joel L -- Santorelli, Lorenzo -- Schmid-Hempel, Paul -- Schwarz, Michael P -- Scott-Phillips, Tom -- Shellmann-Sherman, Janet -- Sherman, Paul W -- Shuker, David M -- Smith, Jeff -- Spagna, Joseph C -- Strassmann, Beverly -- Suarez, Andrew V -- Sundstrom, Liselotte -- Taborsky, Michael -- Taylor, Peter -- Thompson, Graham -- Tooby, John -- Tsutsui, Neil D -- Tsuji, Kazuki -- Turillazzi, Stefano -- Ubeda, Francisco -- Vargo, Edward L -- Voelkl, Bernard -- Wenseleers, Tom -- West, Stuart A -- West-Eberhard, Mary Jane -- Westneat, David F -- Wiernasz, Diane C -- Wild, Geoff -- Wrangham, Richard -- Young, Andrew J -- Zeh, David W -- Zeh, Jeanne A -- Zink, Andrew -- BB/H022716/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 24;471(7339):E1-4; author reply E9-10. doi: 10.1038/nature09831.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21430721" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Altruism ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Game Theory ; *Genetic Fitness ; Genetics, Population ; Heredity ; Humans ; Male ; *Models, Biological ; Phenotype ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sex Ratio
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Increase in forest water-use efficiency as atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations rise (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-07-12
    Beschreibung: Terrestrial plants remove CO2 from the atmosphere through photosynthesis, a process that is accompanied by the loss of water vapour from leaves. The ratio of water loss to carbon gain, or water-use efficiency, is a key characteristic of ecosystem function that is central to the global cycles of water, energy and carbon. Here we analyse direct, long-term measurements of whole-ecosystem carbon and water exchange. We find a substantial increase in water-use efficiency in temperate and boreal forests of the Northern Hemisphere over the past two decades. We systematically assess various competing hypotheses to explain this trend, and find that the observed increase is most consistent with a strong CO2 fertilization effect. The results suggest a partial closure of stomata-small pores on the leaf surface that regulate gas exchange-to maintain a near-constant concentration of CO2 inside the leaf even under continually increasing atmospheric CO2 levels. The observed increase in forest water-use efficiency is larger than that predicted by existing theory and 13 terrestrial biosphere models. The increase is associated with trends of increasing ecosystem-level photosynthesis and net carbon uptake, and decreasing evapotranspiration. Our findings suggest a shift in the carbon- and water-based economics of terrestrial vegetation, which may require a reassessment of the role of stomatal control in regulating interactions between forests and climate change, and a re-evaluation of coupled vegetation-climate models.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keenan, Trevor F -- Hollinger, David Y -- Bohrer, Gil -- Dragoni, Danilo -- Munger, J William -- Schmid, Hans Peter -- Richardson, Andrew D -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jul 18;499(7458):324-7. doi: 10.1038/nature12291. Epub 2013 Jul 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. tkeenan@oeb.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23842499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Atmosphere/chemistry ; Carbon Dioxide/*analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Plant Leaves/chemistry ; Trees/*chemistry ; Water/*analysis
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Keenan et al. reply (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-03-14
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keenan, Trevor F -- Hollinger, David Y -- Bohrer, Gil -- Dragoni, Danilo -- Munger, J William -- Schmid, Hans Peter -- Richardson, Andrew D -- England -- Nature. 2014 Mar 13;507(7491):E2-3. doi: 10.1038/nature13114.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia. ; USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Durham, New Hamphire 03824, USA. ; Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA. ; Department of Geography, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA. ; School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. ; Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, IMK-IFU, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany. ; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24622207" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Carbon Dioxide/*analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Trees/*chemistry ; Water/*analysis
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Australopithecus sediba: a new species of Homo-like australopith from South Africa (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-04-10
    Beschreibung: Despite a rich African Plio-Pleistocene hominin fossil record, the ancestry of Homo and its relation to earlier australopithecines remain unresolved. Here we report on two partial skeletons with an age of 1.95 to 1.78 million years. The fossils were encased in cave deposits at the Malapa site in South Africa. The skeletons were found close together and are directly associated with craniodental remains. Together they represent a new species of Australopithecus that is probably descended from Australopithecus africanus. Combined craniodental and postcranial evidence demonstrates that this new species shares more derived features with early Homo than any other australopith species and thus might help reveal the ancestor of that genus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berger, Lee R -- de Ruiter, Darryl J -- Churchill, Steven E -- Schmid, Peter -- Carlson, Kristian J -- Dirks, Paul H G M -- Kibii, Job M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 9;328(5975):195-204. doi: 10.1126/science.1184944.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa. profleeberger@yahoo.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20378811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Dentition ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/*classification ; Male ; Mandible/anatomy & histology ; Skeleton ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; South Africa
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    The upper limb of Australopithecus sediba (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-04-13
    Beschreibung: The evolution of the human upper limb involved a change in function from its use for both locomotion and prehension (as in apes) to a predominantly prehensile and manipulative role. Well-preserved forelimb remains of 1.98-million-year-old Australopithecus sediba from Malapa, South Africa, contribute to our understanding of this evolutionary transition. Whereas other aspects of their postcranial anatomy evince mosaic combinations of primitive (australopith-like) and derived (Homo-like) features, the upper limbs (excluding the hand and wrist) of the Malapa hominins are predominantly primitive and suggest the retention of substantial climbing and suspensory ability. The use of the forelimb primarily for prehension and manipulation appears to arise later, likely with the emergence of Homo erectus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Churchill, Steven E -- Holliday, Trenton W -- Carlson, Kristian J -- Jashashvili, Tea -- Macias, Marisa E -- Mathews, Sandra -- Sparling, Tawnee L -- Schmid, Peter -- de Ruiter, Darryl J -- Berger, Lee R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 12;340(6129):1233477. doi: 10.1126/science.1233477.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. churchy@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Arm Bones/anatomy & histology ; Biological Evolution ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bones of Upper Extremity/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Clavicle/anatomy & histology ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Humans ; Locomotion ; Male ; Principal Component Analysis ; Scapula/anatomy & histology ; South Africa ; Upper Extremity/*anatomy & histology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Mosaic morphology in the thorax of Australopithecus sediba (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-04-13
    Beschreibung: The shape of the thorax of early hominins has been a point of contention for more than 30 years. Owing to the generally fragmentary nature of fossil hominin ribs, few specimens have been recovered that have rib remains complete enough to allow accurate reassembly of thoracic shape, thus leaving open the question of when the cylindrical-shaped chest of humans and their immediate ancestors evolved. The ribs of Australopithecus sediba exhibit a mediolaterally narrow, ape-like upper thoracic shape, which is unlike the broad upper thorax of Homo that has been related to the locomotor pattern of endurance walking and running. The lower thorax, however, appears less laterally flared than that of apes and more closely approximates the morphology found in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schmid, Peter -- Churchill, Steven E -- Nalla, Shahed -- Weissen, Eveline -- Carlson, Kristian J -- de Ruiter, Darryl J -- Berger, Lee R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 12;340(6129):1234598. doi: 10.1126/science.1234598.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. smidi@aim.uzh.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580537" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Humans ; Locomotion ; Male ; Respiration ; Ribs/*anatomy & histology ; South Africa ; Thorax/*anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Glass capillary GC/MS of butter triglycerides (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 675-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Triglycerides ; GC/MS of triglycerides ; Capillary, glass ; All-glass GC/MS interface ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240021109
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preparation and evaluation of OV-240-OH coated glass capillary columns for isomer specific determination of PCDDs and PCDFs (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 548-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Glass capillary gas chromatography ; Immobilization ; OV-240-OH cyanopropylpolysiloxane ; Isomer specificity ; Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins ; Polychlorinated dibenzofurans ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Glass capillaries were leached, dehydrated, persilylated with 1, 3-bis (3-cyanopropyl) tetramethyldisiloxane, and coated with OV-240-OH. After crosslinking and binding the phase to the glass surface the columns showed high separation efficiency, high temperature stability, and inertness comparable to persilylated apolar columns. Column performance is shown to be superior to liquid phase cyanopropyl columns such as SP 2330. The excellent separation capabilities together with the selectivity of the phase makes OV-240-OH coated columns a valuable tool for the determination of toxic isomers in complex mixtures of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs). The order of elution of individual TCDD isomers was found to be similar to that described for SP 2330 or Silar 10c. The detection of PCDDs and PCDFs in a fly ash extract further illustrates the utility of OV-240-OH coated columns. The high temperature limit of these columns opens the way for the analysis of high boiling compounds such as mixed brominated/chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240101004
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chromatographic properties of various polysiloxane stationary phases for separation of 2,3,7,8-chloro-substituted dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran isomers-a systematic comparison (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 12 (1989), S. 665-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Glass capillary columns ; OH-Terminated polysiloxane phases ; PS-347.5, OV-17-OH, OV-240-OH ; SP-2330 ; Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin ; Polychlorinated dibenzofuran ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Glass capillaries coated with four crosslinked and surface-bonded OH-terminated polysiloxanes [PS 347.5, OV-17-OH, OV-225-OH, and OV-240-OH] were compared with commonly used methyl-terminated SP-2330-coated columns with respect to their selectivity for the separation of 2,3,7,8-chloro-substituted dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. The methyl- and phenyl-substituted phases [PS 347.5 and OV-17-OH] exhibit only moderate isomer selectivity which limits their applicability in this field. The examined 3-cyanopropyl-substituted phases [OV-225-OH, OV-240-OH, and SP-2330] allow complete separation of all 2,3,7,8-chlorosubstituted PCDDs and PCDFs. With SP-2330 longer columns are required (50 m) for baseline separation of critical groups of isomers. OV-225-OH was found to be the most suitable phase as to isomer selectivity. In comparison to SP-2330, the analysis times can be reduced by a factor of two.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240121007
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