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  • 1
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    Impairment of mycobacterial but not viral immunity by a germline human STAT1 mutation (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-14
    Description: Interferons (IFN) alpha/beta and gamma induce the formation of two transcriptional activators: gamma-activating factor (GAF) and interferon-stimulated gamma factor 3 (ISGF3). We report a natural heterozygous germline STAT1 mutation associated with susceptibility to mycobacterial but not viral disease. This mutation causes a loss of GAF and ISGF3 activation but is dominant for one cellular phenotype and recessive for the other. It impairs the nuclear accumulation of GAF but not of ISGF3 in heterozygous cells stimulated by IFNs. Thus, the antimycobacterial, but not the antiviral, effects of human IFNs are principally mediated by GAF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dupuis, S -- Dargemont, C -- Fieschi, C -- Thomassin, N -- Rosenzweig, S -- Harris, J -- Holland, S M -- Schreiber, R D -- Casanova, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 13;293(5528):300-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Genetique Humaine des Maladies Infectieuses, Universite de Paris Rene Descartes-INSERM UMR550, Faculte de Medecine Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11452125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Fibroblasts/metabolism/virology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; Humans ; *Immunity/genetics ; Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3 ; Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3, gamma Subunit ; Interferon-alpha/*immunology/metabolism ; Interferon-gamma/*immunology/metabolism ; Janus Kinase 1 ; Mice ; Mycobacterium Infections/genetics/*immunology ; Mycobacterium avium Complex/immunology ; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection/genetics/immunology ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Pedigree ; Protein Binding ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics ; STAT1 Transcription Factor ; Signal Transduction ; Simian virus 40 ; Trans-Activators/genetics/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/physiology ; Virus Diseases/genetics/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    HIF-independent regulation of VEGF and angiogenesis by the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1alpha (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-22
    Description: Ischaemia of the heart, brain and limbs is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hypoxia stimulates the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other angiogenic factors, leading to neovascularization and protection against ischaemic injury. Here we show that the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1alpha (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha), a potent metabolic sensor and regulator, is induced by a lack of nutrients and oxygen, and PGC-1alpha powerfully regulates VEGF expression and angiogenesis in cultured muscle cells and skeletal muscle in vivo. PGC-1alpha-/- mice show a striking failure to reconstitute blood flow in a normal manner to the limb after an ischaemic insult, whereas transgenic expression of PGC-1alpha in skeletal muscle is protective. Surprisingly, the induction of VEGF by PGC-1alpha does not involve the canonical hypoxia response pathway and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF). Instead, PGC-1alpha coactivates the orphan nuclear receptor ERR-alpha (oestrogen-related receptor-alpha) on conserved binding sites found in the promoter and in a cluster within the first intron of the VEGF gene. Thus, PGC-1alpha and ERR-alpha, major regulators of mitochondrial function in response to exercise and other stimuli, also control a novel angiogenic pathway that delivers needed oxygen and substrates. PGC-1alpha may provide a novel therapeutic target for treating ischaemic diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arany, Zoltan -- Foo, Shi-Yin -- Ma, Yanhong -- Ruas, Jorge L -- Bommi-Reddy, Archana -- Girnun, Geoffrey -- Cooper, Marcus -- Laznik, Dina -- Chinsomboon, Jessica -- Rangwala, Shamina M -- Baek, Kwan Hyuck -- Rosenzweig, Anthony -- Spiegelman, Bruce M -- P30 DK040561/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK040561-12/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK054477/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 21;451(7181):1008-12. doi: 10.1038/nature06613.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. zarany1@partners.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18288196" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1/metabolism ; Ischemia/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; *Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; Transgenes/genetics ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Progression to diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice with transgenic T cell receptors (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-02-19
    Description: The T cell receptor (TCR) requirements in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes were examined with transgenic NOD mice bearing nondisease-related TCR alpha and beta chains. In both TCR beta and TCR alpha beta transgenic NOD mice the beta chain transgene was expressed by 〉 98% of peripheral T cells. The alpha chain transgene was also highly expressed. Insulitis developed in both sets of transgenic animals with most of the lymphocytes in the lesion expressing the transgenic beta chain and with depletion of the endogenous TCR V beta genes. Nonetheless, NOD animals transgenic for TCR beta and TCR alpha beta developed diabetes similar to controls. Thus, skewing the TCR repertoire did not diminish autoimmune susceptibility in NOD mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lipes, M A -- Rosenzweig, A -- Tan, K N -- Tanigawa, G -- Ladd, D -- Seidman, J G -- Eisenbarth, G S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Feb 19;259(5098):1165-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8267690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/physiology ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Crosses, Genetic ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics/immunology/*physiopathology ; Female ; Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte ; Islets of Langerhans/immunology/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD/*physiology ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Pancreatic Diseases/genetics/immunology/pathology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics/*physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Memory: modification of anisomycin-induced amnesia by stimulants and depressants (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-20
    Description: Mice were trained in a passive (foot shock)avoidance task. When administered after training, the stimulants caffeine or nicotine blocked amnesia for the task that had been produced by injections of the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin given prior to training. With foot shock at a higher intensity, anisomycin did not produce amnesia by itself, but the administration of the depressants chloral hydrate or sodium phenobarbital after training did cause amnesia. Stimulants and depressants did not have an appreciable influence on the overall degree of protein synthesis inhibition produced by anisomycin. The results support the hypothesis that arousal after training is an important factor in the conversion of short-term to long-term memory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flood, J F -- Bennett, E L -- Orme, A E -- Rosenzweig, M R -- Jarvik, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 20;199(4326):324-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/619461" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anisomycin/*pharmacology ; Avoidance Learning/*drug effects ; Brain/*drug effects ; Caffeine/pharmacology ; Chloral Hydrate/pharmacology ; Drug Interactions ; Male ; Memory/*drug effects ; Mice ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/biosynthesis ; Nicotine/pharmacology ; Phenobarbital/pharmacology ; Pyrrolidines/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Global climate change and US agriculture (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Agricultural productivity is expected to be sensitive to global climate change. Models from atmospheric science, plant science, and agricultural economics are linked to explore this sensitivity. Although the results depend on the severity of climate change and the compensating effects of carbon dioxide on crop yields, the simulation suggests that irrigated acreage will expand and regional patterns of U.S. agriculture will shift. The impact of the U.S. economy strongly depends on which climate model is used.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 345; 219-224
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Determination of vegetated fraction of surface from satellite measurements (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: One input to the ground hydrology component of general circulation models is the fraction of gridbox covered (i.e., shaded) by vegetation. The FV is needed in order to specify the partitioning of evaporation between vegetated and nonvegetated surfaces. Satellite data could provide global and seasonally varying specification of FV. In this work, FV is derived from Landsat data for a site in western Kenya; the accuracy of the estimate is evaluated and then compared to the accuracy requirements of a ground hydrology model. Results show that the accuracy of Landsat estimation of FV is + or - 5 percent and that transpiration, evaporation from bare soil and the seasonality of evapotranspiration are strongly dependent on FV.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 7; 11, 1
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  • 7
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    A global data set of soil particle size properties (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A standardized global data set of soil horizon thicknesses and textures (particle size distributions) was compiled. This data set will be used by the improved ground hydrology parameterization designed for the Goddard Institute for Space Studies General Circulation Model (GISS GCM) Model 3. The data set specifies the top and bottom depths and the percent abundance of sand, silt, and clay of individual soil horizons in each of the 106 soil types cataloged for nine continental divisions. When combined with the World Soil Data File, the result is a global data set of variations in physical properties throughout the soil profile. These properties are important in the determination of water storage in individual soil horizons and exchange of water with the lower atmosphere. The incorporation of this data set into the GISS GCM should improve model performance by including more realistic variability in land-surface properties.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-4286 , REPT-91B00202 , NAS 1.15:4286
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    The use of snowcovered area in runoff forecasts (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Long-term snowcovered area data from aircraft and satellite observations have proven useful in reducing seasonal runoff forecast error on the Kern river watershed. Similar use of snowcovered area on the Kings river watershed produced results that were about equivalent to methods based solely on conventional data. Snowcovered area will be most effective in reducing forecast procedural error on watersheds with: (1) a substantial amount of area within a limited elevation range; (2) an erratic precipitation and/or snowpack accumulation pattern not strongly related to elevation; and (3) poor coverage by precipitation stations or snow courses restricting adequate indexing of water supply conditions. When satellite data acquisition and delivery problems are resolved, the derived snowcover information should provide a means for enhancing operational streamflow forecasts for areas that depend primarily on snowmelt for their water supply.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-78083 , X-913-77-48
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Global digital data sets of soil type, soil texture, surface slope and other properties: Documentation of archived data tape (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The file structure and coding of four soils data sets derived from the Zobler (1986) world soil file is described. The data were digitized on a one-degree square grid. They are suitable for large-area studies such as climate research with general circulation models, as well as in forestry, agriculture, soils, and hydrology. The first file is a data set of codes for soil unit, land-ice, or water, for all the one-degree square cells on Earth. The second file is a data set of codes for texture, land-ice, or water, for the same soil units. The third file is a data set of codes for slope, land-ice, or water for the same units. The fourth file is the SOILWRLD data set, containing information on soil properties of land cells of both Matthews' and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) sources. The fourth file reconciles land-classification differences between the two and has missing data filled in.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-100685 , NAS 1.15:100685
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  • 10
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    Modeling crop responses to environmental change (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Potential biophysical responses of crops to climate change are studied focusing on the primary environmental variables which define the limits to agricultural crop growth and production, and the principal methods for predicting climate change impacts on crop geography and production. It is concluded that the principal uncertainties in the prediction of the impacts of climate change on agriculture reside in the contribution of the direct effects of increasing CO2, in potential changes inclimate variability, and the effects of adjustments mechanisms in the context of climatic changes.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: ; : Astrophysical mase
    Format: text
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