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  • Animals  (59)
  • Male  (21)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (10)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
  • 1995-1999  (76)
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Keywords
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Years
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  • 1
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    Multiple and ancient origins of the domestic dog (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-06-13
    Description: Mitochondrial DNA control region sequences were analyzed from 162 wolves at 27 localities worldwide and from 140 domestic dogs representing 67 breeds. Sequences from both dogs and wolves showed considerable diversity and supported the hypothesis that wolves were the ancestors of dogs. Most dog sequences belonged to a divergent monophyletic clade sharing no sequences with wolves. The sequence divergence within this clade suggested that dogs originated more than 100,000 years before the present. Associations of dog haplotypes with other wolf lineages indicated episodes of admixture between wolves and dogs. Repeated genetic exchange between dog and wolf populations may have been an important source of variation for artificial selection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vila, C -- Savolainen, P -- Maldonado, J E -- Amorim, I R -- Rice, J E -- Honeycutt, R L -- Crandall, K A -- Lundeberg, J -- Wayne, R K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 13;276(5319):1687-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9180076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Breeding ; Carnivora/*genetics ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Dogs/classification/*genetics ; Female ; Haplotypes ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Major susceptibility locus for prostate cancer on chromosome 1 suggested by a genome-wide search (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-11-22
    Description: Despite its high prevalence, very little is known regarding genetic predisposition to prostate cancer. A genome-wide scan performed in 66 high-risk prostate cancer families has provided evidence of linkage to the long arm of chromosome 1 (1q24-25). Analysis of an additional set of 25 North American and Swedish families with markers in this region resulted in significant evidence of linkage in the combined set of 91 families. The data provide strong evidence of a major prostate cancer susceptibility locus on chromosome 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, J R -- Freije, D -- Carpten, J D -- Gronberg, H -- Xu, J -- Isaacs, S D -- Brownstein, M J -- Bova, G S -- Guo, H -- Bujnovszky, P -- Nusskern, D R -- Damber, J E -- Bergh, A -- Emanuelsson, M -- Kallioniemi, O P -- Walker-Daniels, J -- Bailey-Wilson, J E -- Beaty, T H -- Meyers, D A -- Walsh, P C -- Collins, F S -- Trent, J M -- Isaacs, W B -- CA58236/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Nov 22;274(5291):1371-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Human Genome Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. jtrent@nchgr.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8910276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 ; Dinucleotide Repeats ; *Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Likelihood Functions ; Male ; Middle Aged ; North America ; Oncogenes ; Pedigree ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*genetics ; Risk Factors ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Sweden
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of glucose in ajmalicine production by catharanthus roseus cell cultures (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 47 (1995), S. 525-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: glucose ; osmotic pressure ; ajmalicine production ; catharanthus roseus ; kinetic model ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The role of glucose in ajmalicine production by Catharanthus roseus was investigated in the second stage of a two-stage batch process. Activities of tryptophan decar-boxylate (TDC) and anthranilate synthase (AS), two enzymes In the pathway leading to ajmalicine, were higher after induction with 40 g/L glucose than after induction with 60 or 80 g/L glucose. Experiments with different media containing mixtures of glucose and the nonpermeating osmotic agent xylose, and using an already induced culture as inoculum, revealed that a minimum amount of glucose is required to support ajmalicine production after enzyme induction. This requirement was not an osmotic effect. The relation between the glucose concentration and the specific ajmalicine production rate, qp, was investigated in seven (fed-)batch cultures with constant glucose concentrations: 23, 29, 35, 53, 57, 75, and 98 g/L. In the cultures with a low glucose concentration (23, 29, and 35 g/L) the qp was 2.7-times higher than the cultures with 53 and 57 g/L, and almost six times higher than the cultures with a high glucose concentration (75 and 98 g/L). A glucose perturbation experiment (from 53 to 32 g/L) demonstrated that the ajmalicine production rate was adjusted without much delay. A kinetic equation is proposed for the relationship between the glucose concentration and qp. Differences in enzyme induction and ajmalicine production at different glucose levels could not be explained by the intracellular concentrations of glucose, fructose, sucrose, or starch. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260470504
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relation between dissolved oxygen concentration and ajmalicine production rate in high-density cultures of Catharanthus roseus (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 45 (1995), S. 435-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Catharanthus roseus ; ajmalicine production rate ; dissolved oxygen concentration ; kinetic model ; high-density culture ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The relation between dissolved oxygen (DO) and the ajmalicine production rate of Catharanthus roseus was investigated in 15-L tank reactors at constant stirrer speed and gas flow rate. Below a DO concentration of 29% of air saturation the ajmalicine production rate was less than 0.06 μmol/g/d. Above a DO of 43% the ajmalicine production rate was constant at 0.21 μmol/g/d. Between a DO of 29% and 43% there was a strong relation between the ajmalicine production rate and the DO concentration. After a period of at least 12 days at DO ≤29% the culture lacked the ability to adapt to a DO ≥57%. A kinetic equation is proposed for the relation between DO and the specific ajmalicine production rate. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260450508
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-stage batch process for the production of ajmalicine by Catharanthus roseus: The link between growth and production stage (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 47 (1995), S. 53-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: ajmalicine ; Catharanthus roseus ; alkaloid formation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The link between the growth stage and the production stage in a two-stage batch process was investigated using (filtered) inocula from different periods of the stationary phase of the growth cycle. In the production stage, ajmalicine production by Catharanthus roseus in a 3-L stirred tank reactor was induced with a high glucose concentration (80 g/L). Ajmalicine production in cultures started with cells from the late stationary phase was five times higher than in cultures started with cells from the early stationary phase. After transfer to the production stage, cells from the early stationary phase showed a transient increase in respiration and enzyme induction, followed by culture browning. In contrast, cells in the late stationary phase showed a typical induction pattern: constant respiration, and permanent enzyme induction. A striking similarity between the geraniol-10-hydroxylase (G10H) activity and the ajmalicine accumulation profile could be observed in all cultures, suggesting that G 10H regulated ajmalicine production in this investigation. The intracellular nitrate concentration was significantly higher in the inoculum showing a high ajmalicine production than in the inoculum with a low production. Consequently, nitrate may act as a marker for the start of the production stage: as soon as the nitrate is depleted in the growth medium secondary metabolism can be induced. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260470107
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue engineering lamb heart valve leaflets (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 50 (1996), S. 562-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: tissue engineering ; synthetic biodegradable matrix ; polyglycolic acid ; polylactic acid ; endothelial cell ; heart valve ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Tissue engineered lamb heart valve leaflets (N - 3) were constructed by repeatedly seeding a concentrated suspension of autologous myofibroblasts onto a biodegradable synthetic polymeric scaffold composed of fibers made from polyglycolic acid and polylactic acid. Over a 2-week period the cells attached to the polymer fibers, multiplied, and formed a tissue core in the shape of the matrix. The tissue core was seeded with autologous large-vessel endothelial cells that formed a monolayer which coated the outer surface of the leaflet. The tissue engineered leaflets were surgically implanted in place of the right posterior pulmonary valve leaflet of the donor lamb while on cardiopulmonary bypass. Pulmonary valve function was evaluated by two-dimensional echocardiography with color Doppler which demonstrated valve function without evidence of stenosis and with only trivial regurgitation under normal physiologic conditions. Histologically, the tissue engineered heart valve leaflets resembled native valve leaflet tissue. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 7
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    Reovirus therapy of tumors with activated Ras pathway (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-11-13
    Description: Human reovirus requires an activated Ras signaling pathway for infection of cultured cells. To investigate whether this property can be exploited for cancer therapy, severe combined immune deficient mice bearing tumors established from v-erbB-transformed murine NIH 3T3 cells or human U87 glioblastoma cells were treated with the virus. A single intratumoral injection of virus resulted in regression of tumors in 65 to 80 percent of the mice. Treatment of immune-competent C3H mice bearing tumors established from ras-transformed C3H-10T1/2 cells also resulted in tumor regression, although a series of injections were required. These results suggest that, with further work, reovirus may have applicability in the treatment of cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coffey, M C -- Strong, J E -- Forsyth, P A -- Lee, P W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Nov 13;282(5392):1332-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Biology Research Group and Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary Health Science Centre, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9812900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Genes, erbB ; *Genes, ras ; Humans ; Male ; Mammalian orthoreovirus 3/immunology/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, SCID ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism/pathology/*therapy/virology ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Virus Replication ; ras Proteins/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Proofreading and aminoacylation of tRNAs before export from the nucleus (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-16
    Description: After synthesis and processing in the nucleus, mature transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are exported to the cytoplasm in a Ran.guanosine triphosphate-dependent manner. Export of defective or immature tRNAs is avoided by monitoring both structure and function of tRNAs in the nucleus, and only tRNAs with mature 5' and 3' ends are exported. All tRNAs examined can be aminoacylated in nuclei of Xenopus oocytes, thereby providing a possible mechanism for functional proofreading of newly made tRNAs. Inhibition of aminoacylation of a specific tRNA retards its appearance in the cytoplasm, indicating that nuclear aminoacylation promotes efficient export.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lund, E -- Dahlberg, J E -- GM30220/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 11;282(5396):2082-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53-706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9851929" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acylation ; Animals ; Biological Transport ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Introns ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oocytes ; RNA Precursors/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Transfer/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acid-Specific ; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Met/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Tyr/chemistry/metabolism ; Templates, Genetic ; Xenopus laevis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    The promise of comparative genomics in mammals (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-16
    Description: Dense genetic maps of human, mouse, and rat genomes that are based on coding genes and on microsatellite and single-nucleotide polymorphism markers have been complemented by precise gene homolog alignment with moderate-resolution maps of livestock, companion animals, and additional mammal species. Comparative genetic assessment expands the utility of these maps in gene discovery, in functional genomics, and in tracking the evolutionary forces that sculpted the genome organization of modern mammalian species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Brien, S J -- Menotti-Raymond, M -- Murphy, W J -- Nash, W G -- Wienberg, J -- Stanyon, R -- Copeland, N G -- Jenkins, N A -- Womack, J E -- Marshall Graves, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 15;286(5439):458-62, 479-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10521336" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic/genetics ; Base Sequence ; *Chromosome Mapping ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genetic Markers ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Mammals/*genetics ; Mutation ; *Phylogeny ; Rodentia/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    What maintains memories? (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lisman, J E -- Fallon, J R -- P01 NS039321/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD023924/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD052083/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 15;283(5400):339-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254, USA. lisman@binah.cc.brandeis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9925495" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Computer Simulation ; Enzyme Activation ; Feedback ; Gene Expression ; Long-Term Potentiation ; Memory/*physiology ; Models, Neurological ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Kinase C/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Second Messenger Systems ; Synapses/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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