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  • Animals  (73)
  • GEOPHYSICS
  • SPACE RADIATION
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (73)
  • 1995-1999  (73)
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Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (73)
Years
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: The generation of cell-mediated immunity against many infectious pathogens involves the production of interleukin-12 (IL-12), a key signal of the innate immune system. Yet, for many pathogens, the molecules that induce IL-12 production by macrophages and the mechanisms by which they do so remain undefined. Here it is shown that microbial lipoproteins are potent stimulators of IL-12 production by human macrophages, and that induction is mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Several lipoproteins stimulated TLR-dependent transcription of inducible nitric oxide synthase and the production of nitric oxide, a powerful microbicidal pathway. Activation of TLRs by microbial lipoproteins may initiate innate defense mechanisms against infectious pathogens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brightbill, H D -- Libraty, D H -- Krutzik, S R -- Yang, R B -- Belisle, J T -- Bleharski, J R -- Maitland, M -- Norgard, M V -- Plevy, S E -- Smale, S T -- Brennan, P J -- Bloom, B R -- Godowski, P J -- Modlin, R L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 30;285(5428):732-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Anges, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10426995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Bacterial/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Cell Line ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Interleukin-12/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology ; Lipoproteins/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Macrophages/*immunology/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Monocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*immunology ; NF-kappa B/biosynthesis ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/genetics ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1998-06-20
    Description: An efficient system for genetic modification and large-scale cloning of cattle is of importance for agriculture, biotechnology, and human medicine. Here, actively dividing fetal fibroblasts were genetically modified with a marker gene, a clonal line was selected, and the cells were fused to enucleated mature oocytes. Out of 28 embryos transferred to 11 recipient cows, three healthy, identical, transgenic calves were generated. Furthermore, the life-span of near senescent fibroblasts could be extended by nuclear transfer, as indicated by population doublings in fibroblast lines derived from a 40-day-old fetal clone. With the ability to extend the life-span of these primary cultured cells, this system would be useful for inducing complex genetic modifications in cattle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cibelli, J B -- Stice, S L -- Golueke, P J -- Kane, J J -- Jerry, J -- Blackwell, C -- Ponce de Leon, F A -- Robl, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 22;280(5367):1256-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9596577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Genetically Modified ; Blastocyst ; Cattle/embryology/*genetics ; Cell Aging ; Cell Division ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Clone Cells ; *Cloning, Organism ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fetus/cytology ; Fibroblasts/*cytology ; G1 Phase ; Male ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes/cytology ; Transfection ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1998-09-11
    Description: Leptin is a hormone that regulates food intake, and its receptor (OB-Rb) is expressed primarily in the hypothalamus. Here, it is shown that OB-Rb is also expressed in human vasculature and in primary cultures of human endothelial cells. In vitro and in vivo assays revealed that leptin has angiogenic activity. In vivo, leptin induced neovascularization in corneas from normal rats but not in corneas from fa/fa Zucker rats, which lack functional leptin receptors. These observations indicate that the vascular endothelium is a target for leptin and suggest a physiological mechanism whereby leptin-induced angiogenesis may facilitate increased energy expenditure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sierra-Honigmann, M R -- Nath, A K -- Murakami, C -- Garcia-Cardena, G -- Papapetropoulos, A -- Sessa, W C -- Madge, L A -- Schechner, J S -- Schwabb, M B -- Polverini, P J -- Flores-Riveros, J R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 11;281(5383):1683-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA. rocio_sierra-honigmann@qm.yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9733517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/analysis/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Corneal Neovascularization ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Endothelial Growth Factors/pharmacology ; Endothelium, Vascular/chemistry/cytology/*physiology ; Energy Metabolism ; Humans ; Leptin ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lymphokines/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Phosphorylation ; Proteins/pharmacology/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Zucker ; *Receptors, Cell Surface ; Receptors, Leptin ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-02-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Magistretti, P J -- Pellerin, L -- Rothman, D L -- Shulman, R G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 22;283(5401):496-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Physiologie, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. pierre.magistretti@physiol.unil.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9988650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Astrocytes/*metabolism ; Behavior, Animal ; Brain/*metabolism ; *Brain Mapping ; Cognition ; Energy Metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Glutamine/metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Sodium/metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Tomography, Emission-Computed
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-09-11
    Description: In asexual populations, beneficial mutations that occur in different lineages compete with one another. This phenomenon, known as clonal interference, ensures that those beneficial mutations that do achieve fixation are of large effect. Clonal interference also increases the time between fixations, thereby slowing the adaptation of asexual populations. The effects of clonal interference were measured in the asexual RNA virus vesicular stomatitis virus; rates and average effects of beneficial mutations were quantified.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miralles, R -- Gerrish, P J -- Moya, A -- Elena, S F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 10;285(5434):1745-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva and Departament de Genetica, Universitat de Valencia, Apartado 22085, 46071 Valencia, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10481012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cell Line ; Confidence Intervals ; Cricetinae ; Gene Frequency ; Genes, Viral ; Likelihood Functions ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; *Mutation ; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/genetics/*physiology ; Virus Replication
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1998-08-14
    Description: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a major mediator of both acute and chronic inflammatory responses in many diseases. Tristetraprolin (TTP), the prototype of a class of Cys-Cys-Cys-His (CCCH) zinc finger proteins, inhibited TNF-alpha production from macrophages by destabilizing its messenger RNA. This effect appeared to result from direct TTP binding to the AU-rich element of the TNF-alpha messenger RNA. TTP is a cytosolic protein in these cells, and its biosynthesis was induced by the same agents that stimulate TNF-alpha production, including TNF-alpha itself. These findings identify TTP as a component of a negative feedback loop that interferes with TNF-alpha production by destabilizing its messenger RNA. This pathway represents a potential target for anti-TNF-alpha therapies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carballo, E -- Lai, W S -- Blackshear, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 14;281(5379):1001-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Office of Clinical Research and Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9703499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Transport ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Chick Embryo ; Cytosol/metabolism ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Feedback ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; *Immediate-Early Proteins ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Macrophages/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Proteins/*physiology ; RNA Probes ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Transfection ; Tristetraprolin ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors/*biosynthesis/genetics ; *Zinc Fingers
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1998-08-14
    Description: Hemolin, an insect immunoglobulin superfamily member, is a lipopolysaccharide-binding immune protein induced during bacterial infection. The 3.1 angstrom crystal structure reveals a bound phosphate and patches of positive charge, which may represent the lipopolysaccharide binding site, and a new and unexpected arrangement of four immunoglobulin-like domains forming a horseshoe. Sequence analysis and analytical ultracentrifugation suggest that the domain arrangement is a feature of the L1 family of neural cell adhesion molecules related to hemolin. These results are relevant to interpretation of human L1 mutations in neurological diseases and suggest a domain swapping model for how L1 family proteins mediate homophilic adhesion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Su, X D -- Gastinel, L N -- Vaughn, D E -- Faye, I -- Poon, P -- Bjorkman, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 14;281(5379):991-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology 156-29 and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9703515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Adhesion/*physiology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Insect Proteins ; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Moths ; Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules/chemistry ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Proteins/*chemistry/physiology ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1999-03-26
    Description: Spatially resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measured by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), provides a method for tracing the catalytic activity of fluorescently tagged proteins inside live cell cultures and enables determination of the functional state of proteins in fixed cells and tissues. Here, a dynamic marker of protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) activation is identified and exploited. Activation of PKCalpha is detected through the binding of fluorescently tagged phosphorylation site-specific antibodies; the consequent FRET is measured through the donor fluorophore on PKCalpha by FLIM. This approach enabled the imaging of PKCalpha activation in live and fixed cultured cells and was also applied to pathological samples.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ng, T -- Squire, A -- Hansra, G -- Bornancin, F -- Prevostel, C -- Hanby, A -- Harris, W -- Barnes, D -- Schmidt, S -- Mellor, H -- Bastiaens, P I -- Parker, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 26;283(5410):2085-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory and Cell Biophysics Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund (ICRF), 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10092232" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/enzymology ; COS Cells ; Catalysis ; Cytoplasm/enzymology ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/enzymology ; Energy Transfer ; Enzyme Activation ; Fluorescence ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Golgi Apparatus/enzymology ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Humans ; Immune Sera ; Isoenzymes/immunology/*metabolism ; Luminescent Proteins ; Mice ; *Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphothreonine/immunology/metabolism ; Protein Kinase C/immunology/*metabolism ; Protein Kinase C-alpha ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Transfection
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1997-06-13
    Description: Two families of small peptides that bind to the human thrombopoietin receptor and compete with the binding of the natural ligand thrombopoietin (TPO) were identified from recombinant peptide libraries. The sequences of these peptides were not found in the primary sequence of TPO. Screening libraries of variants of one of these families under affinity-selective conditions yielded a 14-amino acid peptide (Ile-Glu-Gly-Pro-Thr-Leu-Arg-Gln-Trp-Leu-Ala-Ala-Arg-Ala) with high affinity (dissociation constant approximately 2 nanomolar) that stimulates the proliferation of a TPO-responsive Ba/F3 cell line with a median effective concentration (EC50) of 400 nanomolar. Dimerization of this peptide by a carboxyl-terminal linkage to a lysine branch produced a compound with an EC50 of 100 picomolar, which was equipotent to the 332-amino acid natural cytokine in cell-based assays. The peptide dimer also stimulated the in vitro proliferation and maturation of megakaryocytes from human bone marrow cells and promoted an increase in platelet count when administered to normal mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cwirla, S E -- Balasubramanian, P -- Duffin, D J -- Wagstrom, C R -- Gates, C M -- Singer, S C -- Davis, A M -- Tansik, R L -- Mattheakis, L C -- Boytos, C M -- Schatz, P J -- Baccanari, D P -- Wrighton, N C -- Barrett, R W -- Dower, W J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 13;276(5319):1696-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Affymax Research Institute, 4001 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9180079" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Blood Platelets/cytology ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Consensus Sequence ; Dimerization ; Erythropoietin/pharmacology ; Hematopoiesis/drug effects ; Humans ; Megakaryocytes/cytology ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Neoplasm Proteins ; Oligopeptides/*metabolism/*pharmacology ; Peptide Library ; Peptides/metabolism/pharmacology ; Platelet Count ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*agonists/metabolism ; *Receptors, Cytokine ; Receptors, Thrombopoietin ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Thrombopoietin/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Transfection
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1997-03-21
    Description: The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor protein binds to beta-catenin, a protein recently shown to interact with Tcf and Lef transcription factors. The gene encoding hTcf-4, a Tcf family member that is expressed in colonic epithelium, was cloned and characterized. hTcf-4 transactivates transcription only when associated with beta-catenin. Nuclei of APC-/- colon carcinoma cells were found to contain a stable beta-catenin-hTcf-4 complex that was constitutively active, as measured by transcription of a Tcf reporter gene. Reintroduction of APC removed beta-catenin from hTcf-4 and abrogated the transcriptional transactivation. Constitutive transcription of Tcf target genes, caused by loss of APC function, may be a crucial event in the early transformation of colonic epithelium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Korinek, V -- Barker, N -- Morin, P J -- van Wichen, D -- de Weger, R -- Kinzler, K W -- Vogelstein, B -- Clevers, H -- CA57345/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 21;275(5307):1784-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, University Hospital, Post Office Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9065401" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cloning, Molecular ; Colon/metabolism ; Colonic Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Genes, APC ; Genes, Reporter ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Signal Transduction ; TCF Transcription Factors ; *Trans-Activators ; Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; beta Catenin
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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