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  • 1
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    Kinetic mechanism of lever arm movement in myosin [Biochemistry] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-25
    Description: Myosins use a conserved structural mechanism to convert the energy from ATP hydrolysis into a large swing of the force-generating lever arm. The precise timing of the lever arm movement with respect to the steps in the actomyosin ATPase cycle has not been determined. We have developed a FRET system...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    ^{39} Ar Detection at the 10^{-16} Isotopic Abundance Level with Atom Trap Trace Analysis (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-10
    Description: Author(s): W. Jiang, W. Williams, K. Bailey, A. M. Davis, S.-M. Hu, Z.-T. Lu, T. P. O’Connor, R. Purtschert, N. C. Sturchio, Y. R. Sun, and P. Mueller Atom trap trace analysis, a laser-based atom counting method, has been applied to analyze atmospheric ^{39} Ar (half-life=269  yr), a cosmogenic isotope with an isotopic abundance of 8×10^{-16} . In addition to the superior selectivity demonstrated in this work, the counting rate and efficiency... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 103001] Published Wed Mar 09, 2011
    Keywords: Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 3
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    The ATLAS3D Project - XXIII. Angular momentum and nuclear surface brightness profiles (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-26
    Description: We investigate nuclear light profiles in 135 ATLAS 3D galaxies for which the Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) imaging is available and compare them to the large-scale kinematics obtained with the SAURON integral-field spectrograph. Specific angular momentum, R , correlates with the shape of nuclear light profiles, where, as suggested by previous studies, cores are typically found in slow rotators and core-less galaxies are fast rotators. As also shown before, cores are found only in massive galaxies and only in systems with the stellar mass (measured via dynamical models) M   8  x 10 10 M . Based on our sample, we, however, see no evidence for a bimodal distribution of nuclear slopes. The best predictor for finding a core is based on the stellar velocity dispersion within an effective radius, e , and specific angular momentum, where cores are found for R   0.25 and e   160 km s –1 . We estimate that only about 10 per cent of nearby early-type galaxies contain cores. Furthermore, we show that there is a genuine population of fast rotators with cores. We also show that core fast rotators are morphologically, kinematically and dynamically different from core slow rotators. The cores of fast rotators, however, could harbour black holes of similar masses to those in core slow rotators, but typically more massive than those found in core-less fast rotators. Cores of both fast and slow rotators are made of old stars and found in galaxies typically lacking molecular or atomic gas (with a few exceptions). Core-less galaxies, and especially core-less fast rotators, are underluminous in the diffuse X-ray emission, but the presence of a core does not imply high X-ray luminosities. Additionally, we postulate (as many of these galaxies lack HST imaging) a possible population of core-less galaxies among slow rotators, which cannot be explained as face-on discs, but comprise a genuine sub-population of slow rotators. These galaxies are typically less massive and flatter than core slow rotators, and show evidence for dynamical cold structures and exponential photometric components. Based on our findings, major non-dissipative (gas-poor) mergers together with black hole binary evolution may not be the only path for formation of cores in early-type galaxies. We discuss possible processes for formation of cores and their subsequent preservation.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Peptide agonist of the thrombopoietin receptor as potent as the natural cytokine (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-06-13
    Description: Two families of small peptides that bind to the human thrombopoietin receptor and compete with the binding of the natural ligand thrombopoietin (TPO) were identified from recombinant peptide libraries. The sequences of these peptides were not found in the primary sequence of TPO. Screening libraries of variants of one of these families under affinity-selective conditions yielded a 14-amino acid peptide (Ile-Glu-Gly-Pro-Thr-Leu-Arg-Gln-Trp-Leu-Ala-Ala-Arg-Ala) with high affinity (dissociation constant approximately 2 nanomolar) that stimulates the proliferation of a TPO-responsive Ba/F3 cell line with a median effective concentration (EC50) of 400 nanomolar. Dimerization of this peptide by a carboxyl-terminal linkage to a lysine branch produced a compound with an EC50 of 100 picomolar, which was equipotent to the 332-amino acid natural cytokine in cell-based assays. The peptide dimer also stimulated the in vitro proliferation and maturation of megakaryocytes from human bone marrow cells and promoted an increase in platelet count when administered to normal mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cwirla, S E -- Balasubramanian, P -- Duffin, D J -- Wagstrom, C R -- Gates, C M -- Singer, S C -- Davis, A M -- Tansik, R L -- Mattheakis, L C -- Boytos, C M -- Schatz, P J -- Baccanari, D P -- Wrighton, N C -- Barrett, R W -- Dower, W J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 13;276(5319):1696-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Affymax Research Institute, 4001 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9180079" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Blood Platelets/cytology ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Consensus Sequence ; Dimerization ; Erythropoietin/pharmacology ; Hematopoiesis/drug effects ; Humans ; Megakaryocytes/cytology ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Neoplasm Proteins ; Oligopeptides/*metabolism/*pharmacology ; Peptide Library ; Peptides/metabolism/pharmacology ; Platelet Count ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*agonists/metabolism ; *Receptors, Cytokine ; Receptors, Thrombopoietin ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Thrombopoietin/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Mesosiderite clasts with the most extreme positive europium anomalies among solar system rocks (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-08-21
    Description: Pigeonite-plagioclase gabbros that occur as clasts in mesosiderites (brecciated stony-iron meteorites) show extreme fractionations of the rare-earth elements (REEs) with larger positive europium anomalies than any previously known for igneous rocks from the Earth, moon, or meteorite parent bodies and greater depletions of light REEs relative to heavy REEs than known for comparable cumulate gabbros. The REE pattern for merrillite in one of these clasts is depleted in light REEs and has a large positive europium anomaly as a result of metamorphic equilibration with the silicates. The extreme REE ratios exhibited by the mesosiderite clasts demonstrate that multistage igneous processes must have occurred on some asteroids in the early solar system. Melting of the crust by large-scale impacts or electrical induction from an early T-Tauri-phase sun may be responsible for these processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mittlefehldt, D W -- Rubin, A E -- Davis, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Aug 21;257(5073):1096-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17840277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Genomics. Genomics, biobanks, and the trade-secret model (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mitchell, Robert -- Conley, John M -- Davis, Arlene M -- Cadigan, R Jean -- Dobson, Allison W -- Gladden, Ryan Q -- P50HG004488/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 15;332(6027):309-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1199554.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy and English Department, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. rmitch@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21493846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Specimen Banks/*ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Databases, Genetic/*ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Genetic Research/*ethics ; Genomics/*ethics ; Humans ; *Informed Consent ; Patents as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Short-lived nuclides in hibonite grains from Murchison: evidence for solar system evolution (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-14
    Description: Records of now-extinct short-lived nuclides in meteorites provide information about the formation and evolution of the solar system. We have found excess 10B that we attribute to the decay of short-lived 10Be (half-life 1.5 million years) in hibonite grains from the Murchison meteorite. The grains show no evidence of decay of two other short-lived nuclides-26Al (half-life 700,000 years) and 41Ca (half-life 100,000 years)-that may be present in early solar system solids. One plausible source of the observed 10Be is energetic particle irradiation of material in the solar nebula. An effective irradiation dose of approximately 2 x 10(18) protons per square centimeter with a kinetic energy of 〉/=10 megaelectronvolts per atomic mass unit can explain our measurements. The presence of 10Be, coupled with the absence of 41Ca and 26Al, may rule out energetic particle irradiation as the primary source of 41Ca and 26Al present in some early solar system solids and strengthens the case of a stellar source for 41Ca and 26Al.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marhas, K K -- Goswami, J N -- Davis, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 13;298(5601):2182-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380009, India.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12481135" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Clues from Fe isotope variations on the origin of early Archean BIFs from Greenland (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: Archean rocks may provide a record of early Earth environments. However, such rocks have often been metamorphosed by high pressure and temperature, which can overprint the signatures of their original formation. Here, we show that the early Archean banded rocks from Isua, Akilia, and Innersuartuut, Greenland, are enriched in heavy iron isotopes by 0.1 to 0.5 per mil per atomic mass unit relative to igneous rocks worldwide. The observed enrichments are compatible with the transport, oxidation, and subsequent precipitation of ferrous iron emanating from hydrothermal vents and thus suggest that the original rocks were banded iron formations (BIFs). These variations therefore support a sedimentary origin for the Akilia banded rocks, which represent one of the oldest known occurrences of water-laid deposits on Earth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dauphas, Nicolas -- van Zuilen, Mark -- Wadhwa, Meenakshi -- Davis, Andrew M -- Marty, Bernard -- Janney, Philip E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2077-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Origins Laboratory, Department of the Geophysical Sciences, and Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. dauphas@uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604404" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Extinct technetium in silicon carbide stardust grains: implications for stellar nucleosynthesis (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-31
    Description: The isotopic composition of ruthenium (Ru) in individual presolar silicon carbide (SiC) stardust grains bears the signature of s-process nucleosynthesis in asymptotic giant branch stars, plus an anomaly in 99Ru that is explained by the in situ decay of technetium isotope 99Tc in the grains. This finding, coupled with the observation of Tc spectral lines in certain stars, shows that the majority of presolar SiC grains come from low-mass asymptotic giant branch stars, and that the amount of 99Tc produced in such stars is insufficient to have left a detectable 99Ru anomaly in early solar system materials.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Savina, Michael R -- Davis, Andrew M -- Tripa, C Emil -- Pellin, Michael J -- Gallino, Roberto -- Lewis, Roy S -- Amari, Sachiko -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 30;303(5658):649-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA. msavina@anl.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14752154" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Observation and origin of self-organized textures in agates (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-15
    Description: One of the most impressive manifestations of spontaneous pattern generation in natural materials is iris agate, which contains submicrometer concentric striations that may cycle several thousand times within an individual specimen. Analysis by secondary ion mass spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy identified the iris texture as alternating layers of fine-grained, highly defective chalcedony and coarse-grained low-defect quartz. This oscillatory zonation in defect concentration may be ascribed to Ostwald-Liesegang crystallization cycles from silica-rich fluids that are variably polymeric and monomeric. Periodic changes in defect concentration and grain size also are observed with wavelengths of hundreds of micrometers and of centimeters, so that agates reveal textural self-similarity over three length scales.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heaney, P J -- Davis, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 15;269(5230):1562-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17789449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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