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  • Coleoptera  (75)
  • Triticum aestivum  (66)
  • Springer  (141)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Springer Science + Business Media
  • 2000-2004  (4)
  • 1990-1994  (91)
  • 1980-1984  (46)
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  • Springer  (141)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Springer Science + Business Media
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allelopathic activity in wheat-conventional and wheat-no-till soils: Development of soil extract bioassays (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 2191-2221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cover crops ; wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; soybean ; Glycine max ; soil extracts ; germination bioassays ; phenolic acids ; hydroxamic acids ; allelopathy ; slope analysis ; ivy-leaved morning glory ; Ipomoea hederacea ; crimson clover ; Trifolium incarnalum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The primary objective of this research was to determine if soil extracts could be used directly in bioassays for the detection of allelopathic activity. Here we describe: (1) a way to estimate levels of allelopathic compounds in soil; (2) how pH, solute potential, and/or ion content of extracts may modify the action of allelopathic compounds on germination and radicle and hypocotyl length of crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and ivyleaved morning glory (Ipomoea hederacea L. Jacquin.); and (3) how biological activity of soil extracts may be determined. A water-autoclave extraction procedure was chosen over the immediate-water and 5-hr EDTA extraction procedures, because the autoclave procedure was effective in extracting solution and reversibly bound ferulic acid as well as phenolic acids from wheat debris. The resulting soil extracts were used directly in germination bioassays. A mixture of phenolic acids similar to that obtained from wheat-no-till soils did not affect germination of clover or morning glory and radicle and hypocotyl length of morning glory. The mixture did, however, reduce radicle and hypocotyl length of clover. Individual phenolic acids also did not inhibit germination, but did reduce radicle and hypocotyl length of both species. 6-MBOA (6-methoxy-2,3-benzoxazolinone), a conversion product of 2-o-glucosyl-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one, a hydroxamic acid in living wheat plants, inhibited germination and radicle and hypocotyl length of clover and morning glory. 6-MBOA, however, was not detected in wheat debris, stubble, or soil extracts. Total phenolic acids (FC) in extracts were determined with Folin and Ciocalteu's phenol reagent. Levels of FC in wheat-conventionaltill soil extracts were not related to germination or radicle and hypocotyl length of either species. Levels of FC in wheat-no-till soil extracts were also not related to germination of clover or morning glory, but were inversely related to radicle and hypocotyl length of clover and morning glory. FC values, solute potential, and acidity of wheat-no-till soil extracts appeared to be independent (additive) in action on clover radicle and hypocotyl length. Radicle and hypocotyl length of clover was inversely related to increasing FC and solute potential and directly related to decreasing acidity. Biological activity of extracts was determined best from slopes of radicle and hypocotyl length obtained from bioassays of extract dilutions. Thus, data derived from the water-autoclave extraction procedure, FC analysis, and slope analysis for extract activity in conjunction with data on extract pH and solute potential can be used to estimate allelopathic activity of wheat-no-till soils
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984946
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary results from a microscopic examination on the effects of aluminium on the root tips of wheat (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 146 (1992), S. 83-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aluminium ; electron microscope ; light microscope ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Root tips from aluminium (Al) tolerant (Waalt) and Al sensitive (Warigal) wheat (Triticum aestivum (L). Thell.) cultivars exposed to low concentrations of Al (10 μM) for 10, 24 and 72 hours were examined under the light and electron microscope. After fixing and embedding, longitudinal and transverse thin and ultrathin sections were cut. There was no evidence of Al damage to the root tips of the Al tolerant cultivar under both the light and electron microscope. For the Al sensitive cultivar, Al had no observable effect on the root tips 10 hours after Al addition when examined under the light microscope. When examined under an electron microscope, electron dense globular deposits were observed between the cell wall and cell membrane of the epidermal cells. There was not obvious damage to the cell cytoplasm. Two or 3 days after Al addition, light microscopy showed that the cells in the root tips had become swollen and extensively vacuolated. The tissues appeared disorganised and degenerate, particularly in the epidermis and outer cortical cells. The electron microscope also revealed a thickening of the cell wall. The cell wall was broken down, particularly in the epidermis in the region 4–6 mm from the root tip. The tissue in the meristematic area was largely intact.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011999
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of managanese and nitrate supply on the levels of phenolics and lignin in young wheat plants (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 81 (1984), S. 437-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Lignin ; Manganese ; NO 3 − Phenols ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Managanese deficiency (〈 18 μg g−1 Mn) resulted in decreased levels of phenols in wheat shoots and decreased levels of lignins in both roots and shoots. These observed reductions in phenol contents was due largely to a decrease in the alkaline labile phenol component. Levels of nitrate supplied in solution influenced both phenol and lignin production; high nitrate levels (15 mM) resulted in a reduction in phenol and lignin in the shoot but stimulated lignin production in root tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02323058
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of overwintering Colorado potato beetle in and near Massachusetts potato fields (1993)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 66 (1993), S. 191-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; distribution ; diapause ; overwintering ; mortality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382289
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disrupting spring colonization of Colorado potato beetle to nonrotated potato fields (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 73 (1994), S. 39-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Leptinotarsa decemlineata ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; distribution ; overwintering ; diapause ; cultural control ; trap cropping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Overwintering Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)) were concentrated primarily within woody borders, and mortality was lower in borders than in potato fields. After overwintering, only 15–44% of live beetles were in the potato fields. In experiments with small plots, colonization of fields from woody borders was reduced ∼60% by a trap crop, either treated with adulticide or with beetles collected daily. Such trap crops, or simply pitfall traps to prevent colonization from woody borders, could significantly reduce early-season adult numbers and subsequent larval populations. However, success is dependent on the local densities of overwintered beetles, and the prevalence of arrestment behavior in the case of trap crops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382512
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecdysteroids during pupal development of female Xyleborus ferrugineus (1981)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 30 (1981), S. 151-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Xyleborus ferrugineus ; pupae ; ecdysteroids ; pharate adult ; radioimmunoassay ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Ecdysteroidtiter weiblicher Puppen von Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabr.) wurde geschätzt, indem ganze Tiere homogenisiert und radioimmunologisch untersucht wurden. Ein ausgeprägtes Maximum an Ecdysteroiden wurde bei 36 Stunden Puppenent-wicklung beobachtet (743 pg/mg Körpergewicht). Der Titer nahm ab auf 299 pg/mg im Pharatstadium und auf 193 pg/mg unmittelbar vor Schlüpfen der Adulten. Qualitative Studien mit HPLC ergaben in frischen Puppen ein Verhältnis von 3:1 Ecdyson zu 20-Hydrooxyecdyson. Pharatstadien enthielten vor allem 20-Hydrooxyecdyson. Das beobachtete einzige Maximum im Titer stimmt überein mit den Resultaten bei andern untersuchten Coleopteren.
    Notes: Abstract Ecdysteroid titers were estimated on the whole body homogenates of Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabr.) female pupae during development by radioimmunoassay. A distinct peak of ecdysteroids was observed at 36-hr pupal development (743 pg/mg body wt). Titer declined to 299 pg/mg by the pharate adult stage and to 193 pg/mg body wt just before adult emergence. Qualitative studies by HPLC revealed a ratio of 3:1 ecdysone to 20-hydroxyecdysone in the initial pupal stage. Pharate adults had mainly 20-hydroxyecdysone. The observed single peak in ecdysteroid titer agrees with findings in other studied coleopteran species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300880
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defensive adaptations of eggs and adults ofGastrophysa cyanea (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 453-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Defensive secretions ; oleic acid ; hydrocarbons ; terpenoids ; eggs ; deterrents ; ants ; predation ; Chrysomelidae ; Coleoptera ; Gastrophysa cyanea ; reflex bleeding ; elytral glands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Egg clusters and adults ofGastrophysa cyanea are conspicuous and, like their larvae, are chemically protected. The eggs owe their bright yellow color primarily to β-carotene and, in addition, contain substantial quantities of oleic acid. At natural concentrations oleic acid effectively deters many species of ants from feeding. The use of fatty acids as deterrents against ants is discussed as a possible widespread phenomenon among insects. During defensive confrontations, adults ofG. cyanea exhibit avoidance behavior and may also feign death. In addition, the adults may autohemmorhage or secrete a fluid from elytral or pronotal pores in response to traumatic stimuli. The secretions are effective against ants and contain a mixture of hydrocarbons as well as terpenoid components. The pattern of ontogenetic modification in the defensive chemical repertoire ofG. cyanea is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987793
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the multigene family coding for HMW glutenin subunits in wheat using cDNA clones (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 67 (1983), S. 87-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: HMW glutenin subunit genes ; cDNA clones ; Tandem DNA repeats ; Chromosomal location ; Gene copy number ; Wheat ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary cDNA clones encoding wheat HMW glutenin subunits have been isolated from a cDNA bank made to poly A+ RNA from developing wheat endosperm var. Chinese Spring. One such clone, pTag 1290, has enabled us to identify the HMW glutenin mRNA species. The DNA sequence of this clone has been partially determined and it contains several tandem DNA repeats. The sequence is discussed in relation to the generation of the HMW glutenin subunit gene family. Analysis of the organization of the HMW glutenin sequences in the wheat genome revealed that the genes encoding HMW glutenin subunits exist in low copy number and are located on the long arm of each of the homoeologous group 1 chromosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303930
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of Mn status and infection rate by genotype of both host and pathogen in the wheat take-all interaction (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 123 (1990), S. 267-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Gaeumannomyces graminis ; genotypes ; interaction ; manganese ; oxidation ; take-all ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Take-all is a world-wide root-rotting disease of cereals. The causal organism of take-all of wheat is the soil-borne fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici (Ggt). No resistance to take-all, worthy of inclusion in a plant breeding programme, has been discovered in wheat but the severity of take-all is increased in host plants whose tissues are deficient for manganese (Mn). Take-all of wheat will be decreased by all techniques which lift Mn concentrations in shoots and roots of Mn-deficient hosts to adequate levels. Wheat seedlings were grown in a Mn-deficient calcareous sand in small pots and inoculated with four field isolates of Ggt. Infection by three virulent isolates was increased under conditions which were Mn deficient for the wheat host but infection by a weakly virulent isolate, already low, was further decreased. Only the three virulent isolates caused visible oxidation of Mn in vitro. The sensitivity of Ggt isolates to manganous ions in vitro did not explain the extent of infection they caused on wheat hosts. In a similar experiment four Australian wheat genotypes were grown in the same Mn-deficient calcareous sand and inoculated with one virulent isolate of Ggt. Two genotypes were inefficient at taking up manganese and were very susceptible to take-all, one was very efficient at taking up manganese and was resistant to take-all, and the fourth genotype was intermediate for both characters. All genotypes were equally resistant under Mn-adequate conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011280
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of various metal ions on growth of two wheat lines known to differ in aluminium tolerance (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 155-156 (1993), S. 489-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aluminium ; analog ; boron ; copper ; gallium ; iron ; lanthanum ; manganese ; scandium ; tolerance ; Triticum aestivum ; toxicity ; wheat ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of aluminium (Al), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), boron (B), iron (Fe), gallium (Ga), scandium (Sc) and lanthanum (La) on growth of an Al-tolerant and an Al-sensitive line of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were measured in solution culture. The concentrations of nutrients in the basal nutrient solution were (μM) 500 Ca, 100 Mg, 300 K, 600 N (150 NH4, 450 NO3), 600 SO4, 2.5 P, 3 B, 2.5 Fe, 0.5 Zn, 0.5 Mn, 0.1 Cu at a pH of 4.7. The major solution nutrient concentrations were maintained at the nominal concentration with monitoring, frequent additions and weekly renewal. Differentiation in yield between the Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive line only occurred in the presence of Al indicating that, in the long term, none of the other metals tested could be used as an analog for Al. The visual symptoms in the roots of Cu toxicity (in both lines) and Al toxicity (in the sensitive line) were similar. The solution concentration (μM) at which yield of the roots of the tolerant line was reduced by 50% was, in order of increasing tolerance, Cu 0.5, Sc 1.1, La 7.1, Ga 8.6, Al 15, Zn 19, Fe 84, B 490 and Mn 600.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025090
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