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  • 1
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    Ecology: The Convention on Biological Diversity's 2010 target (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balmford, Andrew -- Bennun, Leon -- Brink, Ben Ten -- Cooper, David -- Cote, Isabelle M -- Crane, Peter -- Dobson, Andrew -- Dudley, Nigel -- Dutton, Ian -- Green, Rhys E -- Gregory, Richard D -- Harrison, Jeremy -- Kennedy, Elizabeth T -- Kremen, Claire -- Leader-Williams, Nigel -- Lovejoy, Thomas E -- Mace, Georgina -- May, Robert -- Mayaux, Phillipe -- Morling, Paul -- Phillips, Joanna -- Redford, Kent -- Ricketts, Taylor H -- Rodriguez, Jon Paul -- Sanjayan, M -- Schei, Peter J -- van Jaarsveld, Albert S -- Walther, Bruno A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 14;307(5707):212-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cambridge University and University of Cape Town.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15653489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; International Cooperation ; Models, Biological ; Models, Theoretical ; Public Policy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Implications of new measurements of O-16 + p + C-12,13, N-14,15 for the abundances of C, N isotopes at the cosmic ray source (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The fragmentation of a 225 MeV/n O-16 beam was investigated at the Bevalac. Preliminary cross sections for mass = 13, 14, 15 fragments are used to constrain the nuclear excitation functions employed in galactic propagation calculations. Comparison to cosmic ray isotonic data at low energies shows that in the cosmic ray source C-13/C approximately 2% and N-14/0=3-6%. No source abundance of N-15 is required with the current experimental results.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-4.3-2 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 2; p 80-83; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-2
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Draft genome sequence of the sexually transmitted pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-16
    Description: We describe the genome sequence of the protist Trichomonas vaginalis, a sexually transmitted human pathogen. Repeats and transposable elements comprise about two-thirds of the approximately 160-megabase genome, reflecting a recent massive expansion of genetic material. This expansion, in conjunction with the shaping of metabolic pathways that likely transpired through lateral gene transfer from bacteria, and amplification of specific gene families implicated in pathogenesis and phagocytosis of host proteins may exemplify adaptations of the parasite during its transition to a urogenital environment. The genome sequence predicts previously unknown functions for the hydrogenosome, which support a common evolutionary origin of this unusual organelle with mitochondria.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2080659/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2080659/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carlton, Jane M -- Hirt, Robert P -- Silva, Joana C -- Delcher, Arthur L -- Schatz, Michael -- Zhao, Qi -- Wortman, Jennifer R -- Bidwell, Shelby L -- Alsmark, U Cecilia M -- Besteiro, Sebastien -- Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas -- Noel, Christophe J -- Dacks, Joel B -- Foster, Peter G -- Simillion, Cedric -- Van de Peer, Yves -- Miranda-Saavedra, Diego -- Barton, Geoffrey J -- Westrop, Gareth D -- Muller, Sylke -- Dessi, Daniele -- Fiori, Pier Luigi -- Ren, Qinghu -- Paulsen, Ian -- Zhang, Hanbang -- Bastida-Corcuera, Felix D -- Simoes-Barbosa, Augusto -- Brown, Mark T -- Hayes, Richard D -- Mukherjee, Mandira -- Okumura, Cheryl Y -- Schneider, Rachel -- Smith, Alias J -- Vanacova, Stepanka -- Villalvazo, Maria -- Haas, Brian J -- Pertea, Mihaela -- Feldblyum, Tamara V -- Utterback, Terry R -- Shu, Chung-Li -- Osoegawa, Kazutoyo -- de Jong, Pieter J -- Hrdy, Ivan -- Horvathova, Lenka -- Zubacova, Zuzana -- Dolezal, Pavel -- Malik, Shehre-Banoo -- Logsdon, John M Jr -- Henze, Katrin -- Gupta, Arti -- Wang, Ching C -- Dunne, Rebecca L -- Upcroft, Jacqueline A -- Upcroft, Peter -- White, Owen -- Salzberg, Steven L -- Tang, Petrus -- Chiu, Cheng-Hsun -- Lee, Ying-Shiung -- Embley, T Martin -- Coombs, Graham H -- Mottram, Jeremy C -- Tachezy, Jan -- Fraser-Liggett, Claire M -- Johnson, Patricia J -- 072031/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0000508/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0000508(56841)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9722968/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9722968(65078)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 LM006845/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- R01 LM006845-08/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- R01 LM007938/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- R01 LM007938-04/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI050913/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI050913-01A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI050913-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UO1 AI50913-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 12;315(5809):207-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Research Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. jane.carlton@med.nyu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17218520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Transport/genetics ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Protozoan/genetics ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genes, Protozoan ; *Genome, Protozoan ; Humans ; Hydrogen/metabolism ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Organelles/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress/genetics ; Peptide Hydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics/physiology ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/parasitology ; Trichomonas Infections/parasitology/transmission ; Trichomonas vaginalis/cytology/*genetics/metabolism/pathogenicity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Phanerozoic trends in the global diversity of marine invertebrates (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-07-05
    Description: It has previously been thought that there was a steep Cretaceous and Cenozoic radiation of marine invertebrates. This pattern can be replicated with a new data set of fossil occurrences representing 3.5 million specimens, but only when older analytical protocols are used. Moreover, analyses that employ sampling standardization and more robust counting methods show a modest rise in diversity with no clear trend after the mid-Cretaceous. Globally, locally, and at both high and low latitudes, diversity was less than twice as high in the Neogene as in the mid-Paleozoic. The ratio of global to local richness has changed little, and a latitudinal diversity gradient was present in the early Paleozoic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alroy, John -- Aberhan, Martin -- Bottjer, David J -- Foote, Michael -- Fursich, Franz T -- Harries, Peter J -- Hendy, Austin J W -- Holland, Steven M -- Ivany, Linda C -- Kiessling, Wolfgang -- Kosnik, Matthew A -- Marshall, Charles R -- McGowan, Alistair J -- Miller, Arnold I -- Olszewski, Thomas D -- Patzkowsky, Mark E -- Peters, Shanan E -- Villier, Loic -- Wagner, Peter J -- Bonuso, Nicole -- Borkow, Philip S -- Brenneis, Benjamin -- Clapham, Matthew E -- Fall, Leigh M -- Ferguson, Chad A -- Hanson, Victoria L -- Krug, Andrew Z -- Layou, Karen M -- Leckey, Erin H -- Nurnberg, Sabine -- Powers, Catherine M -- Sessa, Jocelyn A -- Simpson, Carl -- Tomasovych, Adam -- Visaggi, Christy C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 4;321(5885):97-100. doi: 10.1126/science.1156963.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California-Santa Barbara, 735 State Street, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA. alroy@nceas.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18599780" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; Databases, Factual ; Environment ; *Fossils ; Geography ; Geologic Sediments ; *Invertebrates/classification ; *Paleontology/methods ; Population Dynamics ; Sampling Studies ; Seawater ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    The Physcomitrella genome reveals evolutionary insights into the conquest of land by plants (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007
    Description: We report the draft genome sequence of the model moss Physcomitrella patens and compare its features with those of flowering plants, from which it is separated by more than 400 million years, and unicellular aquatic algae. This comparison reveals genomic changes concomitant with the evolutionary movement to land, including a general increase in gene family complexity; loss of genes associated with aquatic environments (e.g., flagellar arms); acquisition of genes for tolerating terrestrial stresses (e.g., variation in temperature and water availability); and the development of the auxin and abscisic acid signaling pathways for coordinating multicellular growth and dehydration response. The Physcomitrella genome provides a resource for phylogenetic inferences about gene function and for experimental analysis of plant processes through this plant's unique facility for reverse genetics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rensing, Stefan A -- Lang, Daniel -- Zimmer, Andreas D -- Terry, Astrid -- Salamov, Asaf -- Shapiro, Harris -- Nishiyama, Tomoaki -- Perroud, Pierre-Francois -- Lindquist, Erika A -- Kamisugi, Yasuko -- Tanahashi, Takako -- Sakakibara, Keiko -- Fujita, Tomomichi -- Oishi, Kazuko -- Shin-I, Tadasu -- Kuroki, Yoko -- Toyoda, Atsushi -- Suzuki, Yutaka -- Hashimoto, Shin-Ichi -- Yamaguchi, Kazuo -- Sugano, Sumio -- Kohara, Yuji -- Fujiyama, Asao -- Anterola, Aldwin -- Aoki, Setsuyuki -- Ashton, Neil -- Barbazuk, W Brad -- Barker, Elizabeth -- Bennetzen, Jeffrey L -- Blankenship, Robert -- Cho, Sung Hyun -- Dutcher, Susan K -- Estelle, Mark -- Fawcett, Jeffrey A -- Gundlach, Heidrun -- Hanada, Kousuke -- Heyl, Alexander -- Hicks, Karen A -- Hughes, Jon -- Lohr, Martin -- Mayer, Klaus -- Melkozernov, Alexander -- Murata, Takashi -- Nelson, David R -- Pils, Birgit -- Prigge, Michael -- Reiss, Bernd -- Renner, Tanya -- Rombauts, Stephane -- Rushton, Paul J -- Sanderfoot, Anton -- Schween, Gabriele -- Shiu, Shin-Han -- Stueber, Kurt -- Theodoulou, Frederica L -- Tu, Hank -- Van de Peer, Yves -- Verrier, Paul J -- Waters, Elizabeth -- Wood, Andrew -- Yang, Lixing -- Cove, David -- Cuming, Andrew C -- Hasebe, Mitsuyasu -- Lucas, Susan -- Mishler, Brent D -- Reski, Ralf -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- Quatrano, Ralph S -- Boore, Jeffrey L -- BBS/E/C/00004948/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 4;319(5859):64-9. Epub 2007 Dec 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18079367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Angiosperms/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; Arabidopsis/genetics/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Bryopsida/*genetics/physiology ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/genetics/physiology ; Computational Biology ; DNA Repair ; Dehydration ; Gene Duplication ; Genes, Plant ; *Genome, Plant ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Multigene Family ; Oryza/genetics/physiology ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retroelements ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Signal Transduction/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Visualizing antigen-specific and infected cells in situ predicts outcomes in early viral infection (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-28
    Description: In the early stages of viral infection, outcomes depend on a race between expansion of infection and the immune response generated to contain it. We combined in situ tetramer staining with in situ hybridization to visualize, map, and quantify relationships between immune effector cells and their targets in tissues. In simian immunodeficiency virus infections in macaques and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infections in mice, the magnitude and timing of the establishment of an excess of effector cells versus targets were found to correlate with the extent of control and the infection outcome (i.e., control and clearance versus partial or poor control and persistent infection). This method highlights the importance of the location, timing, and magnitude of the immune response needed for a vaccine to be effective against agents of persistent infection, such as HIV-1.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2753492/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2753492/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Qingsheng -- Skinner, Pamela J -- Ha, Sang-Jun -- Duan, Lijie -- Mattila, Teresa L -- Hage, Aaron -- White, Cara -- Barber, Daniel L -- O'Mara, Leigh -- Southern, Peter J -- Reilly, Cavan S -- Carlis, John V -- Miller, Christopher J -- Ahmed, Rafi -- Haase, Ashley T -- AI066314/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI20048/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI48484/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI066314/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI066314-010003/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI066314-020003/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI066314-030003/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI066314-040003/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000169/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000169-430198/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI048484/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI048484-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI048484-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI048484-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI048484-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RR00169/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 27;323(5922):1726-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1168676.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arenaviridae Infections/*immunology/virology ; Cell Count ; Cervix Uteri/immunology/virology ; Female ; In Situ Hybridization ; Lymph Nodes/immunology/virology ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/*immunology ; Lymphoid Tissue/immunology/virology ; Macaca mulatta ; Mice ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/virology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/*immunology/physiology ; Spleen/immunology/virology ; Staining and Labeling ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology ; Time Factors ; Vagina/immunology/virology ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Vascular permeability factor, an endothelial cell mitogen related to PDGF (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-12-08
    Description: Vascular permeability factor (VPF) is a 40-kilodalton disulfide-linked dimeric glycoprotein that is active in increasing blood vessel permeability, endothelial cell growth, and angiogenesis. These properties suggest that the expression of VPF by tumor cells could contribute to the increased neovascularization and vessel permeability that are associated with tumor vasculature. The cDNA sequence of VPF from human U937 cells was shown to code for a 189-amino acid polypeptide that is similar in structure to the B chain of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-B) and other PDGF-B-related proteins. The overall identity with PDGF-B is 18%. However, all eight of the cysteines in PDGF-B were found to be conserved in human VPF, an indication that the folding of the two proteins is probably similar. Clusters of basic amino acids in the COOH-terminal halves of human VPF and PDGF-B are also prevalent. Thus, VPF appears to be related to the PDGF/v-sis family of proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keck, P J -- Hauser, S D -- Krivi, G -- Sanzo, K -- Warren, T -- Feder, J -- Connolly, D T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 8;246(4935):1309-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Culture and Biochemistry, Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO 63167.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2479987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Capillary Permeability/physiology ; Cell Division/physiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Endothelium, Vascular/*cytology ; *Growth Substances ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Lymphokines/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/physiopathology ; Oncogene Proteins v-sis ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/physiology ; Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/physiology ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transforming Growth Factors ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Chemical compass model of avian magnetoreception (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-02
    Description: Approximately 50 species, including birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish, crustaceans and insects, are known to use the Earth's magnetic field for orientation and navigation. Birds in particular have been intensively studied, but the biophysical mechanisms that underlie the avian magnetic compass are still poorly understood. One proposal, based on magnetically sensitive free radical reactions, is gaining support despite the fact that no chemical reaction in vitro has been shown to respond to magnetic fields as weak as the Earth's ( approximately 50 muT) or to be sensitive to the direction of such a field. Here we use spectroscopic observation of a carotenoid-porphyrin-fullerene model system to demonstrate that the lifetime of a photochemically formed radical pair is changed by application of 〈 or =50 microT magnetic fields, and to measure the anisotropic chemical response that is essential for its operation as a chemical compass sensor. These experiments establish the feasibility of chemical magnetoreception and give insight into the structural and dynamic design features required for optimal detection of the direction of the Earth's magnetic field.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maeda, Kiminori -- Henbest, Kevin B -- Cintolesi, Filippo -- Kuprov, Ilya -- Rodgers, Christopher T -- Liddell, Paul A -- Gust, Devens -- Timmel, Christiane R -- Hore, P J -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 15;453(7193):387-90. doi: 10.1038/nature06834. Epub 2008 Apr 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18449197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration/*physiology ; Animals ; Anisotropy ; Birds/*physiology ; Earth (Planet) ; *Magnetics ; *Models, Biological ; Orientation/*physiology ; Superoxides/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Genome analysis of the platypus reveals unique signatures of evolution (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-10
    Description: We present a draft genome sequence of the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus. This monotreme exhibits a fascinating combination of reptilian and mammalian characters. For example, platypuses have a coat of fur adapted to an aquatic lifestyle; platypus females lactate, yet lay eggs; and males are equipped with venom similar to that of reptiles. Analysis of the first monotreme genome aligned these features with genetic innovations. We find that reptile and platypus venom proteins have been co-opted independently from the same gene families; milk protein genes are conserved despite platypuses laying eggs; and immune gene family expansions are directly related to platypus biology. Expansions of protein, non-protein-coding RNA and microRNA families, as well as repeat elements, are identified. Sequencing of this genome now provides a valuable resource for deep mammalian comparative analyses, as well as for monotreme biology and conservation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2803040/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2803040/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Warren, Wesley C -- Hillier, LaDeana W -- Marshall Graves, Jennifer A -- Birney, Ewan -- Ponting, Chris P -- Grutzner, Frank -- Belov, Katherine -- Miller, Webb -- Clarke, Laura -- Chinwalla, Asif T -- Yang, Shiaw-Pyng -- Heger, Andreas -- Locke, Devin P -- Miethke, Pat -- Waters, Paul D -- Veyrunes, Frederic -- Fulton, Lucinda -- Fulton, Bob -- Graves, Tina -- Wallis, John -- Puente, Xose S -- Lopez-Otin, Carlos -- Ordonez, Gonzalo R -- Eichler, Evan E -- Chen, Lin -- Cheng, Ze -- Deakin, Janine E -- Alsop, Amber -- Thompson, Katherine -- Kirby, Patrick -- Papenfuss, Anthony T -- Wakefield, Matthew J -- Olender, Tsviya -- Lancet, Doron -- Huttley, Gavin A -- Smit, Arian F A -- Pask, Andrew -- Temple-Smith, Peter -- Batzer, Mark A -- Walker, Jerilyn A -- Konkel, Miriam K -- Harris, Robert S -- Whittington, Camilla M -- Wong, Emily S W -- Gemmell, Neil J -- Buschiazzo, Emmanuel -- Vargas Jentzsch, Iris M -- Merkel, Angelika -- Schmitz, Juergen -- Zemann, Anja -- Churakov, Gennady -- Kriegs, Jan Ole -- Brosius, Juergen -- Murchison, Elizabeth P -- Sachidanandam, Ravi -- Smith, Carly -- Hannon, Gregory J -- Tsend-Ayush, Enkhjargal -- McMillan, Daniel -- Attenborough, Rosalind -- Rens, Willem -- Ferguson-Smith, Malcolm -- Lefevre, Christophe M -- Sharp, Julie A -- Nicholas, Kevin R -- Ray, David A -- Kube, Michael -- Reinhardt, Richard -- Pringle, Thomas H -- Taylor, James -- Jones, Russell C -- Nixon, Brett -- Dacheux, Jean-Louis -- Niwa, Hitoshi -- Sekita, Yoko -- Huang, Xiaoqiu -- Stark, Alexander -- Kheradpour, Pouya -- Kellis, Manolis -- Flicek, Paul -- Chen, Yuan -- Webber, Caleb -- Hardison, Ross -- Nelson, Joanne -- Hallsworth-Pepin, Kym -- Delehaunty, Kim -- Markovic, Chris -- Minx, Pat -- Feng, Yucheng -- Kremitzki, Colin -- Mitreva, Makedonka -- Glasscock, Jarret -- Wylie, Todd -- Wohldmann, Patricia -- Thiru, Prathapan -- Nhan, Michael N -- Pohl, Craig S -- Smith, Scott M -- Hou, Shunfeng -- Nefedov, Mikhail -- de Jong, Pieter J -- Renfree, Marilyn B -- Mardis, Elaine R -- Wilson, Richard K -- 062023/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- HG002238/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- MC_U137761446/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- P01 CA013106/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA013106-37/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM59290/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002939/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01HG02385/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 8;453(7192):175-83. doi: 10.1038/nature06936.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8501, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA. wwarren@wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18464734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Composition ; Dentition ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genome/*genetics ; Genomic Imprinting/genetics ; Humans ; Immunity/genetics ; Male ; Mammals/genetics ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Milk Proteins/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Platypus/*genetics/immunology/physiology ; Receptors, Odorant/genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics ; Reptiles/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Spermatozoa/metabolism ; Venoms/genetics ; Zona Pellucida/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 10
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    The amphioxus genome and the evolution of the chordate karyotype (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-06-20
    Description: Lancelets ('amphioxus') are the modern survivors of an ancient chordate lineage, with a fossil record dating back to the Cambrian period. Here we describe the structure and gene content of the highly polymorphic approximately 520-megabase genome of the Florida lancelet Branchiostoma floridae, and analyse it in the context of chordate evolution. Whole-genome comparisons illuminate the murky relationships among the three chordate groups (tunicates, lancelets and vertebrates), and allow not only reconstruction of the gene complement of the last common chordate ancestor but also partial reconstruction of its genomic organization, as well as a description of two genome-wide duplications and subsequent reorganizations in the vertebrate lineage. These genome-scale events shaped the vertebrate genome and provided additional genetic variation for exploitation during vertebrate evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Putnam, Nicholas H -- Butts, Thomas -- Ferrier, David E K -- Furlong, Rebecca F -- Hellsten, Uffe -- Kawashima, Takeshi -- Robinson-Rechavi, Marc -- Shoguchi, Eiichi -- Terry, Astrid -- Yu, Jr-Kai -- Benito-Gutierrez, E Lia -- Dubchak, Inna -- Garcia-Fernandez, Jordi -- Gibson-Brown, Jeremy J -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- Horton, Amy C -- de Jong, Pieter J -- Jurka, Jerzy -- Kapitonov, Vladimir V -- Kohara, Yuji -- Kuroki, Yoko -- Lindquist, Erika -- Lucas, Susan -- Osoegawa, Kazutoyo -- Pennacchio, Len A -- Salamov, Asaf A -- Satou, Yutaka -- Sauka-Spengler, Tatjana -- Schmutz, Jeremy -- Shin-I, Tadasu -- Toyoda, Atsushi -- Bronner-Fraser, Marianne -- Fujiyama, Asao -- Holland, Linda Z -- Holland, Peter W H -- Satoh, Nori -- Rokhsar, Daniel S -- BBS/B/12067/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBS/B/12067/2/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 19;453(7198):1064-71. doi: 10.1038/nature06967.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18563158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chordata/classification/*genetics ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA Transposable Elements/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; Genes/genetics ; Genetic Linkage ; Genome/*genetics ; Humans ; Introns/genetics ; Karyotyping ; Multigene Family ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics ; Proteins/genetics ; Synteny ; Time Factors ; Vertebrates/classification/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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