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  • 1
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    Draft genome sequence of the sexually transmitted pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-16
    Description: We describe the genome sequence of the protist Trichomonas vaginalis, a sexually transmitted human pathogen. Repeats and transposable elements comprise about two-thirds of the approximately 160-megabase genome, reflecting a recent massive expansion of genetic material. This expansion, in conjunction with the shaping of metabolic pathways that likely transpired through lateral gene transfer from bacteria, and amplification of specific gene families implicated in pathogenesis and phagocytosis of host proteins may exemplify adaptations of the parasite during its transition to a urogenital environment. The genome sequence predicts previously unknown functions for the hydrogenosome, which support a common evolutionary origin of this unusual organelle with mitochondria.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2080659/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2080659/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carlton, Jane M -- Hirt, Robert P -- Silva, Joana C -- Delcher, Arthur L -- Schatz, Michael -- Zhao, Qi -- Wortman, Jennifer R -- Bidwell, Shelby L -- Alsmark, U Cecilia M -- Besteiro, Sebastien -- Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas -- Noel, Christophe J -- Dacks, Joel B -- Foster, Peter G -- Simillion, Cedric -- Van de Peer, Yves -- Miranda-Saavedra, Diego -- Barton, Geoffrey J -- Westrop, Gareth D -- Muller, Sylke -- Dessi, Daniele -- Fiori, Pier Luigi -- Ren, Qinghu -- Paulsen, Ian -- Zhang, Hanbang -- Bastida-Corcuera, Felix D -- Simoes-Barbosa, Augusto -- Brown, Mark T -- Hayes, Richard D -- Mukherjee, Mandira -- Okumura, Cheryl Y -- Schneider, Rachel -- Smith, Alias J -- Vanacova, Stepanka -- Villalvazo, Maria -- Haas, Brian J -- Pertea, Mihaela -- Feldblyum, Tamara V -- Utterback, Terry R -- Shu, Chung-Li -- Osoegawa, Kazutoyo -- de Jong, Pieter J -- Hrdy, Ivan -- Horvathova, Lenka -- Zubacova, Zuzana -- Dolezal, Pavel -- Malik, Shehre-Banoo -- Logsdon, John M Jr -- Henze, Katrin -- Gupta, Arti -- Wang, Ching C -- Dunne, Rebecca L -- Upcroft, Jacqueline A -- Upcroft, Peter -- White, Owen -- Salzberg, Steven L -- Tang, Petrus -- Chiu, Cheng-Hsun -- Lee, Ying-Shiung -- Embley, T Martin -- Coombs, Graham H -- Mottram, Jeremy C -- Tachezy, Jan -- Fraser-Liggett, Claire M -- Johnson, Patricia J -- 072031/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0000508/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0000508(56841)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9722968/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9722968(65078)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 LM006845/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- R01 LM006845-08/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- R01 LM007938/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- R01 LM007938-04/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI050913/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI050913-01A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI050913-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UO1 AI50913-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 12;315(5809):207-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Research Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. jane.carlton@med.nyu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17218520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Transport/genetics ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Protozoan/genetics ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genes, Protozoan ; *Genome, Protozoan ; Humans ; Hydrogen/metabolism ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Organelles/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress/genetics ; Peptide Hydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics/physiology ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/parasitology ; Trichomonas Infections/parasitology/transmission ; Trichomonas vaginalis/cytology/*genetics/metabolism/pathogenicity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Algal genomes reveal evolutionary mosaicism and the fate of nucleomorphs (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-04
    Description: Cryptophyte and chlorarachniophyte algae are transitional forms in the widespread secondary endosymbiotic acquisition of photosynthesis by engulfment of eukaryotic algae. Unlike most secondary plastid-bearing algae, miniaturized versions of the endosymbiont nuclei (nucleomorphs) persist in cryptophytes and chlorarachniophytes. To determine why, and to address other fundamental questions about eukaryote-eukaryote endosymbiosis, we sequenced the nuclear genomes of the cryptophyte Guillardia theta and the chlorarachniophyte Bigelowiella natans. Both genomes have 〉21,000 protein genes and are intron rich, and B. natans exhibits unprecedented alternative splicing for a single-celled organism. Phylogenomic analyses and subcellular targeting predictions reveal extensive genetic and biochemical mosaicism, with both host- and endosymbiont-derived genes servicing the mitochondrion, the host cell cytosol, the plastid and the remnant endosymbiont cytosol of both algae. Mitochondrion-to-nucleus gene transfer still occurs in both organisms but plastid-to-nucleus and nucleomorph-to-nucleus transfers do not, which explains why a small residue of essential genes remains locked in each nucleomorph.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Curtis, Bruce A -- Tanifuji, Goro -- Burki, Fabien -- Gruber, Ansgar -- Irimia, Manuel -- Maruyama, Shinichiro -- Arias, Maria C -- Ball, Steven G -- Gile, Gillian H -- Hirakawa, Yoshihisa -- Hopkins, Julia F -- Kuo, Alan -- Rensing, Stefan A -- Schmutz, Jeremy -- Symeonidi, Aikaterini -- Elias, Marek -- Eveleigh, Robert J M -- Herman, Emily K -- Klute, Mary J -- Nakayama, Takuro -- Obornik, Miroslav -- Reyes-Prieto, Adrian -- Armbrust, E Virginia -- Aves, Stephen J -- Beiko, Robert G -- Coutinho, Pedro -- Dacks, Joel B -- Durnford, Dion G -- Fast, Naomi M -- Green, Beverley R -- Grisdale, Cameron J -- Hempel, Franziska -- Henrissat, Bernard -- Hoppner, Marc P -- Ishida, Ken-Ichiro -- Kim, Eunsoo -- Koreny, Ludek -- Kroth, Peter G -- Liu, Yuan -- Malik, Shehre-Banoo -- Maier, Uwe G -- McRose, Darcy -- Mock, Thomas -- Neilson, Jonathan A D -- Onodera, Naoko T -- Poole, Anthony M -- Pritham, Ellen J -- Richards, Thomas A -- Rocap, Gabrielle -- Roy, Scott W -- Sarai, Chihiro -- Schaack, Sarah -- Shirato, Shu -- Slamovits, Claudio H -- Spencer, David F -- Suzuki, Shigekatsu -- Worden, Alexandra Z -- Zauner, Stefan -- Barry, Kerrie -- Bell, Callum -- Bharti, Arvind K -- Crow, John A -- Grimwood, Jane -- Kramer, Robin -- Lindquist, Erika -- Lucas, Susan -- Salamov, Asaf -- McFadden, Geoffrey I -- Lane, Christopher E -- Keeling, Patrick J -- Gray, Michael W -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- Archibald, John M -- BB/G00885X/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Dec 6;492(7427):59-65. doi: 10.1038/nature11681. Epub 2012 Nov 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23201678" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algal Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Alternative Splicing/genetics ; Cell Nucleus/*genetics ; Cercozoa/cytology/*genetics/metabolism ; Cryptophyta/cytology/*genetics/metabolism ; Cytosol/metabolism ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication/genetics ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal/genetics ; Genes, Essential/genetics ; Genome/*genetics ; Genome, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Genome, Plant/genetics ; Genome, Plastid/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mosaicism ; Phylogeny ; Protein Transport ; Proteome/genetics/metabolism ; Symbiosis/*genetics ; Transcriptome/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Pan genome of the phytoplankton Emiliania underpins its global distribution (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-14
    Description: Coccolithophores have influenced the global climate for over 200 million years. These marine phytoplankton can account for 20 per cent of total carbon fixation in some systems. They form blooms that can occupy hundreds of thousands of square kilometres and are distinguished by their elegantly sculpted calcium carbonate exoskeletons (coccoliths), rendering them visible from space. Although coccolithophores export carbon in the form of organic matter and calcite to the sea floor, they also release CO2 in the calcification process. Hence, they have a complex influence on the carbon cycle, driving either CO2 production or uptake, sequestration and export to the deep ocean. Here we report the first haptophyte reference genome, from the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi strain CCMP1516, and sequences from 13 additional isolates. Our analyses reveal a pan genome (core genes plus genes distributed variably between strains) probably supported by an atypical complement of repetitive sequence in the genome. Comparisons across strains demonstrate that E. huxleyi, which has long been considered a single species, harbours extensive genome variability reflected in different metabolic repertoires. Genome variability within this species complex seems to underpin its capacity both to thrive in habitats ranging from the equator to the subarctic and to form large-scale episodic blooms under a wide variety of environmental conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Read, Betsy A -- Kegel, Jessica -- Klute, Mary J -- Kuo, Alan -- Lefebvre, Stephane C -- Maumus, Florian -- Mayer, Christoph -- Miller, John -- Monier, Adam -- Salamov, Asaf -- Young, Jeremy -- Aguilar, Maria -- Claverie, Jean-Michel -- Frickenhaus, Stephan -- Gonzalez, Karina -- Herman, Emily K -- Lin, Yao-Cheng -- Napier, Johnathan -- Ogata, Hiroyuki -- Sarno, Analissa F -- Shmutz, Jeremy -- Schroeder, Declan -- de Vargas, Colomban -- Verret, Frederic -- von Dassow, Peter -- Valentin, Klaus -- Van de Peer, Yves -- Wheeler, Glen -- Emiliania huxleyi Annotation Consortium -- Dacks, Joel B -- Delwiche, Charles F -- Dyhrman, Sonya T -- Glockner, Gernot -- John, Uwe -- Richards, Thomas -- Worden, Alexandra Z -- Zhang, Xiaoyu -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jul 11;499(7457):209-13. doi: 10.1038/nature12221. Epub 2013 Jun 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, California 92096, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23760476" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium/metabolism ; Carbonic Anhydrases/genetics/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; Genome/*genetics ; Haptophyta/classification/*genetics/*isolation & purification/metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Phylogeny ; Phytoplankton/*genetics ; Proteome/genetics ; Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Phylogenomic analyses support the monophyly of Excavata and resolve relationships among eukaryotic "supergroups" (2009)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-23
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 5
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    Unexpected Ancient Paralogs and an Evolutionary Model for the COPII Coat Complex (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-17
    Description: The coat protein complex II (COPII) is responsible for the transport of protein cargoes from the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus. COPII has been functionally characterized extensively in vivo in humans and yeast. This complex shares components with the nuclear pore complex and the Seh1-Associated (SEA) complex, inextricably linking its evolution with that of the nuclear pore and other protocoatomer domain-containing complexes. Importantly, this is one of the last coat complexes to be examined from a comparative genomic and phylogenetic perspective. We use homology searching of eight components across 74 eukaryotic genomes, followed by phylogenetic analyses, to assess both the distribution of the COPII components across eukaryote diversity and to assess its evolutionary history. We report that Sec12, but not Sed4 was present in the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor along with Sec16, Sar1, Sec13, Sec31, Sec23, and Sec24. We identify a previously undetected paralog of Sec23 that, at least, predates the archaeplastid clade. We also describe three Sec24 paralogs likely present in the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor, including one newly detected that was anciently present but lost from both opisthokonts and excavates. Altogether, we report previously undescribed complexity of the COPII coat in the ancient eukaryotic ancestor and speculate on models for the evolution, not only of the complex, but its relationship to other protocoatomer-derived complexes.
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Complex Patterns of Gene Fission in the Eukaryotic Folate Biosynthesis Pathway (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-16
    Description: Shared derived genomic characters can be useful for polarizing phylogenetic relationships, for example, gene fusions have been used to identify deep-branching relationships in the eukaryotes. Here, we report the evolutionary analysis of a three-gene fusion of folB , folK , and folP, which encode enzymes that catalyze consecutive steps in de novo folate biosynthesis. The folK-folP fusion was found across the eukaryotes and a sparse collection of prokaryotes. This suggests an ancient derivation with a number of gene losses in the eukaryotes potentially as a consequence of adaptation to heterotrophic lifestyles. In contrast, the folB-folK-folP gene is specific to a mosaic collection of Amorphea taxa (a group encompassing: Amoebozoa, Apusomonadida, Breviatea, and Opisthokonta). Next, we investigated the stability of this character. We identified numerous gene losses and a total of nine gene fission events, either by break up of an open reading frame (four events identified) or loss of a component domain (five events identified). This indicates that this three gene fusion is highly labile. These data are consistent with a growing body of data indicating gene fission events occur at high relative rates. Accounting for these sources of homoplasy, our data suggest that the folB-folK-folP gene fusion was present in the last common ancestor of Amoebozoa and Opisthokonta but absent in the Metazoa including the human genome. Comparative genomic data of these genes provides an important resource for designing therapeutic strategies targeting the de novo folate biosynthesis pathway of a variety of eukaryotic pathogens such as Acanthamoeba castellanii .
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Tracing the Archaeal Origins of Eukaryotic Membrane-Trafficking System Building Blocks (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-17
    Description: In contrast to prokaryotes, eukaryotic cells are characterized by a complex set of internal membrane-bound compartments. A subset of these, and the protein machineries that move material between them, define the membrane-trafficking system (MTS), the emergence of which represents a landmark in eukaryotic evolution. Unlike mitochondria and plastids, MTS organelles have autogenous origins. Much of the MTS machinery is composed of building blocks, including small GTPase, coiled-coil, beta-propeller + alpha-solenoid, and longin domains. Despite the identification of prokaryotic proteins containing these domains, only few represent direct orthologues, leaving the origins and early evolution of the MTS poorly understood. Here, we present an in-depth analysis of MTS building block homologues in the composite genome of Lokiarchaeum, the recently discovered archaeal sister clade of eukaryotes, yielding several key insights. We identify two previously unreported Eukaryotic Signature Proteins; orthologues of the Gtr/Rag family GTPases, involved in target of rapamycin complex signaling, and of the RLC7 dynein component. We could not identify golgin or SNARE (coiled-coil) or beta-propeller + alpha-solenoid orthologues, nor typical MTS domain fusions, suggesting that these either were lost from Lokiarchaeum or emerged later in eukaryotic evolution. Furthermore, our phylogenetic analyses of lokiarchaeal GTPases support a split into Ras-like and Arf-like superfamilies, with different prokaryotic antecedents, before the advent of eukaryotes. While no GTPase activating proteins or exchange factors were identified, we show that Lokiarchaeum encodes numerous roadblock domain proteins and putative longin domain proteins, confirming the latter’s origin from Archaea. Altogether, our study provides new insights into the emergence and early evolution of the eukaryotic membrane-trafficking system.
    Print ISSN: 0737-4038
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-1719
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    The Ancient and Widespread Nature of the ER-Mitochondria Encounter Structure (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-22
    Description: Mitochondria are the result of a billion years of integrative evolution, converting a once free-living bacterium to an organelle deeply linked to diverse cellular processes. One way in which mitochondria are integrated with nonendosymbiotically derived organelles is via endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–mitochondria contact sites. The ER membrane is physically tethered to the mitochondrial outer membrane by the ER–mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES). However, to date, ERMES has only ever been found in the fungal lineage. Here, we bioinformatically demonstrate that ERMES is present in lineages outside Fungi and validate this inference by mass spectrometric identification of ERMES components in Acanthamoeba castellanii mitochondria. We further demonstrate that ERMES is retained in hydrogenosome-bearing but not mitosome-bearing organisms, yielding insight into the process of reductive mitochondrial evolution. Finally, we find that the taxonomic distribution of ERMES is most consistent with rooting the eukaryotic tree between Amorphea (Animals + Fungi + Amoebozoa) + Excavata and all other eukaryotes (Diaphoratickes).
    Print ISSN: 0737-4038
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-1719
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    The Ancient and Widespread Nature of the ER-Mitochondria Encounter Structure (2014)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2014-01-04
    Print ISSN: 0737-4038
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-1719
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    The Ancient and Widespread Nature of the ER-Mitochondria Encounter Structure (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0737-4038
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-1719
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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