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  • Signal Transduction  (14)
  • 2005-2009  (2)
  • 1995-1999  (12)
  • 1
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    Cell activation and apoptosis by bacterial lipoproteins through toll-like receptor-2 (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: Apoptosis is implicated in the generation and resolution of inflammation in response to bacterial pathogens. All bacterial pathogens produce lipoproteins (BLPs), which trigger the innate immune response. BLPs were found to induce apoptosis in THP-1 monocytic cells through human Toll-like receptor-2 (hTLR2). BLPs also initiated apoptosis in an epithelial cell line transfected with hTLR2. In addition, BLPs stimulated nuclear factor-kappaB, a transcriptional activator of multiple host defense genes, and activated the respiratory burst through hTLR2. Thus, hTLR2 is a molecular link between microbial products, apoptosis, and host defense mechanisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aliprantis, A O -- Yang, R B -- Mark, M R -- Suggett, S -- Devaux, B -- Radolf, J D -- Klimpel, G R -- Godowski, P -- Zychlinsky, A -- AI 37720-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-38894/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 30;285(5428):736-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Skirball Institute and Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10426996" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, CD14/analysis ; *Apoptosis ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Cell Line/metabolism ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Genes, Reporter ; Humans ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology ; Lipoproteins/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology/*metabolism ; Monocytes/*cytology/immunology/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Toll-Like Receptor 2 ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Genetic evidence that FGFs have an instructive role in limb proximal-distal patterning (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-02
    Description: Half a century ago, the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) at the distal tip of the tetrapod limb bud was shown to produce signals necessary for development along the proximal-distal (P-D) axis, but how these signals influence limb patterning is still much debated. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) gene family members are key AER-derived signals, with Fgf4, Fgf8, Fgf9 and Fgf17 expressed specifically in the mouse AER. Here we demonstrate that mouse limbs lacking Fgf4, Fgf9 and Fgf17 have normal skeletal pattern, indicating that Fgf8 is sufficient among AER-FGFs to sustain normal limb formation. Inactivation of Fgf8 alone causes a mild skeletal phenotype; however, when we also removed different combinations of the other AER-FGF genes, we obtained unexpected skeletal phenotypes of increasing severity, reflecting the contribution that each FGF can make to the total AER-FGF signal. Analysis of the compound mutant limb buds revealed that, in addition to sustaining cell survival, AER-FGFs regulate P-D-patterning gene expression during early limb bud development, providing genetic evidence that AER-FGFs function to specify a distal domain and challenging the long-standing hypothesis that AER-FGF signalling is permissive rather than instructive for limb patterning. We discuss how a two-signal model for P-D patterning can be integrated with the concept of early specification to explain the genetic data presented here.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2631409/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2631409/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mariani, Francesca V -- Ahn, Christina P -- Martin, Gail R -- F32 HD008696/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- F32 HD008696-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- F32 HD008696-02/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- F32 HD008696-03/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD034380/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD034380-05/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD034380-06/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD034380-07/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD034380-08/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD034380-09/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD34380/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 15;453(7193):401-5. doi: 10.1038/nature06876. Epub 2008 Apr 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy and Program in Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-2324, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18449196" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Patterning/*genetics/*physiology ; Bone and Bones/embryology/metabolism ; Cell Survival ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 8/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Limb Buds/cytology/*embryology/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics ; Organ Size ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Nuclear export of NF-ATc enhanced by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-03-28
    Description: The transcription factor NF-AT responds to Ca2+-calcineurin signals by translocating to the nucleus, where it participates in the activation of early immune response genes. Calcineurin dephosphorylates conserved serine residues in the amino terminus of NF-AT, resulting in nuclear import. Purification of the NF-AT kinase revealed that it is composed of a priming kinase activity and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). GSK-3 phosphorylates conserved serines necessary for nuclear export, promotes nuclear exit, and thereby opposes Ca2+-calcineurin signaling. Because GSK-3 responds to signals initiated by Wnt and other ligands, NF-AT family members could be effectors of these pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beals, C R -- Sheridan, C M -- Turck, C W -- Gardner, P -- Crabtree, G R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 28;275(5308):1930-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9072970" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Biological Transport ; Brain/enzymology ; COS Cells ; Calcineurin ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Calmodulin-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; Glycogen Synthase Kinases ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NFATC Transcription Factors ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Defective TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in STAT1-null cells due to low constitutive levels of caspases (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-12-31
    Description: Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) enhance transcription of specific genes in response to cytokines and growth factors. STAT1 is also required for efficient constitutive expression of the caspases Ice, Cpp32, and Ich-1 in human fibroblasts. As a consequence, STAT1-null cells are resistant to apoptosis by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Reintroduction of STAT1alpha restored both TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis and the expression of Ice, Cpp32, and Ich-1. Variant STAT1 proteins carrying point mutations that inactivate domains required for STAT dimer formation nevertheless restored protease expression and sensitivity to apoptosis, indicating that the functions of STAT1 required for these activities are different from those that mediate induced gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kumar, A -- Commane, M -- Flickinger, T W -- Horvath, C M -- Stark, G R -- P01 CA62220/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 28;278(5343):1630-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9374464" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Apoptosis ; Caspase 1 ; Caspase 2 ; Caspase 3 ; *Caspases ; Cell Line ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Dactinomycin/pharmacology ; Dimerization ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma/pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; Point Mutation ; Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; STAT1 Transcription Factor ; Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    The transcriptional paradox: octamer factors and B and T cells (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Graef, I A -- Crabtree, G R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jul 11;277(5323):193-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9235633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/*metabolism ; Host Cell Factor C1 ; Interleukin-2/genetics ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Octamer Transcription Factor-1 ; Octamer Transcription Factor-2 ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*metabolism ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Combinatorial control required for the specificity of yeast MAPK signaling (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-02-28
    Description: In yeast, an overlapping set of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling components controls mating, haploid invasion, and pseudohyphal development. Paradoxically, a single downstream transcription factor, Ste12, is necessary for the execution of these distinct programs. Developmental specificity was found to require a transcription factor of the TEA/ATTS family, Tec1, which cooperates with Ste12 during filamentous and invasive growth. Purified derivatives of Ste12 and Tec1 bind cooperatively to enhancer elements called filamentation and invasion response elements (FREs), which program transcription that is specifically responsive to the MAPK signaling components required for filamentous growth. An FRE in the TEC1 promoter functions in a positive feedback loop required for pseudohyphal development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Madhani, H D -- Fink, G R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Feb 28;275(5304):1314-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9036858" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Fungal Proteins/*metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; Mutation ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Retroelements ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; *Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; *Transcription Factors ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Contribution of STAT SH2 groups to specific interferon signaling by the Jak-STAT pathway (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-03
    Description: In response to specific ligands, various STAT proteins (signal transducers and activators of transcription) are phosphorylated on tyrosine by Jak protein kinases and translocated to the nucleus to direct gene transcription. Selection of a STAT at the interferon gamma receptor as well as specific STAT dimer formation depended on the presence of particular SH2 groups (phosphotyrosine-binding domains), whereas the amino acid sequence surrounding the phosphorylated tyrosine on the STAT could vary. Thus, SH2 groups in STAT proteins may play crucial roles in specificity at the receptor kinase complex and in subsequent dimerization, whereas the kinases are relatively nonspecific.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heim, M H -- Kerr, I M -- Stark, G R -- Darnell, J E Jr -- AI32489/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI34420/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 3;267(5202):1347-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7871432" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Interferon-alpha/*pharmacology ; Interferon-gamma/*pharmacology ; Janus Kinase 1 ; Janus Kinase 2 ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Proteins/metabolism ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Receptors, Interferon/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; STAT1 Transcription Factor ; Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators/chemistry/*metabolism ; Tyrosine/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Discovery of a small molecule insulin mimetic with antidiabetic activity in mice (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-13
    Description: Insulin elicits a spectrum of biological responses by binding to its cell surface receptor. In a screen for small molecules that activate the human insulin receptor tyrosine kinase, a nonpeptidyl fungal metabolite (L-783,281) was identified that acted as an insulin mimetic in several biochemical and cellular assays. The compound was selective for insulin receptor versus insulin-like growth factor I (IGFI) receptor and other receptor tyrosine kinases. Oral administration of L-783,281 to two mouse models of diabetes resulted in significant lowering in blood glucose levels. These results demonstrate the feasibility of discovering novel insulin receptor activators that may lead to new therapies for diabetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, B -- Salituro, G -- Szalkowski, D -- Li, Z -- Zhang, Y -- Royo, I -- Vilella, D -- Diez, M T -- Pelaez, F -- Ruby, C -- Kendall, R L -- Mao, X -- Griffin, P -- Calaycay, J -- Zierath, J R -- Heck, J V -- Smith, R G -- Moller, D E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 7;284(5416):974-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Merck Research Laboratories, R80W250, Post Office Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA. bei_zhang@merck.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10320380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Ascomycota/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; CHO Cells ; Cricetinae ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*drug therapy ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Enzyme Activation ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Hyperglycemia/drug therapy ; Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Indoles/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Insulin/blood/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Mice, Obese ; Molecular Mimicry ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Conformation/drug effects ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism ; Receptor, Insulin/chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 9
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    NF-kappaB antiapoptosis: induction of TRAF1 and TRAF2 and c-IAP1 and c-IAP2 to suppress caspase-8 activation (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-11
    Description: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) binding to the TNF receptor (TNFR) potentially initiates apoptosis and activates the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), which suppresses apoptosis by an unknown mechanism. The activation of NF-kappaB was found to block the activation of caspase-8. TRAF1 (TNFR-associated factor 1), TRAF2, and the inhibitor-of-apoptosis (IAP) proteins c-IAP1 and c-IAP2 were identified as gene targets of NF-kappaB transcriptional activity. In cells in which NF-kappaB was inactive, all of these proteins were required to fully suppress TNF-induced apoptosis, whereas c-IAP1 and c-IAP2 were sufficient to suppress etoposide-induced apoptosis. Thus, NF-kappaB activates a group of gene products that function cooperatively at the earliest checkpoint to suppress TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis and that function more distally to suppress genotoxic agent-mediated apoptosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, C Y -- Mayo, M W -- Korneluk, R G -- Goeddel, D V -- Baldwin, A S Jr -- AI35098/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA 75080/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA73756/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 11;281(5383):1680-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9733516" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; Caspase 8 ; Caspase 9 ; *Caspases ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/*metabolism ; Cytochrome c Group/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Etoposide/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 1 ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2 ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    An RNA-based information superhighway in plants (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jorgensen, R A -- Atkinson, R G -- Forster, R L -- Lucas, W J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 6;279(5356):1486-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0036, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9508725" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Plant Diseases/virology ; Plant Proteins/metabolism ; Plant Viruses/genetics/physiology ; Plants/*genetics/metabolism/virology ; Plants, Genetically Modified/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA Replicase/metabolism ; RNA, Complementary/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Plant/*genetics/metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; *Suppression, Genetic ; Templates, Genetic ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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