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  • Articles  (64)
  • Models, Biological  (64)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (64)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Institute of Physics
  • 2010-2014  (64)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2013-10-19
    Description: The vast extent of the Amazon Basin has historically restricted the study of its tree communities to the local and regional scales. Here, we provide empirical data on the commonness, rarity, and richness of lowland tree species across the entire Amazon Basin and Guiana Shield (Amazonia), collected in 1170 tree plots in all major forest types. Extrapolations suggest that Amazonia harbors roughly 16,000 tree species, of which just 227 (1.4%) account for half of all trees. Most of these are habitat specialists and only dominant in one or two regions of the basin. We discuss some implications of the finding that a small group of species--less diverse than the North American tree flora--accounts for half of the world's most diverse tree community.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉ter Steege, Hans -- Pitman, Nigel C A -- Sabatier, Daniel -- Baraloto, Christopher -- Salomao, Rafael P -- Guevara, Juan Ernesto -- Phillips, Oliver L -- Castilho, Carolina V -- Magnusson, William E -- Molino, Jean-Francois -- Monteagudo, Abel -- Nunez Vargas, Percy -- Montero, Juan Carlos -- Feldpausch, Ted R -- Coronado, Euridice N Honorio -- Killeen, Tim J -- Mostacedo, Bonifacio -- Vasquez, Rodolfo -- Assis, Rafael L -- Terborgh, John -- Wittmann, Florian -- Andrade, Ana -- Laurance, William F -- Laurance, Susan G W -- Marimon, Beatriz S -- Marimon, Ben-Hur Jr -- Guimaraes Vieira, Ima Celia -- Amaral, Ieda Leao -- Brienen, Roel -- Castellanos, Hernan -- Cardenas Lopez, Dairon -- Duivenvoorden, Joost F -- Mogollon, Hugo F -- Matos, Francisca Dionizia de Almeida -- Davila, Nallarett -- Garcia-Villacorta, Roosevelt -- Stevenson Diaz, Pablo Roberto -- Costa, Flavia -- Emilio, Thaise -- Levis, Carolina -- Schietti, Juliana -- Souza, Priscila -- Alonso, Alfonso -- Dallmeier, Francisco -- Montoya, Alvaro Javier Duque -- Fernandez Piedade, Maria Teresa -- Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro -- Arroyo, Luzmila -- Gribel, Rogerio -- Fine, Paul V A -- Peres, Carlos A -- Toledo, Marisol -- Aymard C, Gerardo A -- Baker, Tim R -- Ceron, Carlos -- Engel, Julien -- Henkel, Terry W -- Maas, Paul -- Petronelli, Pascal -- Stropp, Juliana -- Zartman, Charles Eugene -- Daly, Doug -- Neill, David -- Silveira, Marcos -- Paredes, Marcos Rios -- Chave, Jerome -- Lima Filho, Diogenes de Andrade -- Jorgensen, Peter Moller -- Fuentes, Alfredo -- Schongart, Jochen -- Cornejo Valverde, Fernando -- Di Fiore, Anthony -- Jimenez, Eliana M -- Penuela Mora, Maria Cristina -- Phillips, Juan Fernando -- Rivas, Gonzalo -- van Andel, Tinde R -- von Hildebrand, Patricio -- Hoffman, Bruce -- Zent, Eglee L -- Malhi, Yadvinder -- Prieto, Adriana -- Rudas, Agustin -- Ruschell, Ademir R -- Silva, Natalino -- Vos, Vincent -- Zent, Stanford -- Oliveira, Alexandre A -- Schutz, Angela Cano -- Gonzales, Therany -- Trindade Nascimento, Marcelo -- Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma -- Sierra, Rodrigo -- Tirado, Milton -- Umana Medina, Maria Natalia -- van der Heijden, Geertje -- Vela, Cesar I A -- Vilanova Torre, Emilio -- Vriesendorp, Corine -- Wang, Ophelia -- Young, Kenneth R -- Baider, Claudia -- Balslev, Henrik -- Ferreira, Cid -- Mesones, Italo -- Torres-Lezama, Armando -- Urrego Giraldo, Ligia Estela -- Zagt, Roderick -- Alexiades, Miguel N -- Hernandez, Lionel -- Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau -- Milliken, William -- Palacios Cuenca, Walter -- Pauletto, Daniela -- Valderrama Sandoval, Elvis -- Valenzuela Gamarra, Luis -- Dexter, Kyle G -- Feeley, Ken -- Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela -- Silman, Miles R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 18;342(6156):1243092. doi: 10.1126/science.1243092.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24136971" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; Models, Biological ; Population ; *Rivers ; South America ; Trees/*classification/*physiology
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-09-24
    Description: For more than 30 years, the relationship between net primary productivity and species richness has generated intense debate in ecology about the processes regulating local diversity. The original view, which is still widely accepted, holds that the relationship is hump-shaped, with richness first rising and then declining with increasing productivity. Although recent meta-analyses questioned the generality of hump-shaped patterns, these syntheses have been criticized for failing to account for methodological differences among studies. We addressed such concerns by conducting standardized sampling in 48 herbaceous-dominated plant communities on five continents. We found no clear relationship between productivity and fine-scale (meters(-2)) richness within sites, within regions, or across the globe. Ecologists should focus on fresh, mechanistic approaches to understanding the multivariate links between productivity and richness.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adler, Peter B -- Seabloom, Eric W -- Borer, Elizabeth T -- Hillebrand, Helmut -- Hautier, Yann -- Hector, Andy -- Harpole, W Stanley -- O'Halloran, Lydia R -- Grace, James B -- Anderson, T Michael -- Bakker, Jonathan D -- Biederman, Lori A -- Brown, Cynthia S -- Buckley, Yvonne M -- Calabrese, Laura B -- Chu, Cheng-Jin -- Cleland, Elsa E -- Collins, Scott L -- Cottingham, Kathryn L -- Crawley, Michael J -- Damschen, Ellen I -- Davies, Kendi F -- DeCrappeo, Nicole M -- Fay, Philip A -- Firn, Jennifer -- Frater, Paul -- Gasarch, Eve I -- Gruner, Daniel S -- Hagenah, Nicole -- Hille Ris Lambers, Janneke -- Humphries, Hope -- Jin, Virginia L -- Kay, Adam D -- Kirkman, Kevin P -- Klein, Julia A -- Knops, Johannes M H -- La Pierre, Kimberly J -- Lambrinos, John G -- Li, Wei -- MacDougall, Andrew S -- McCulley, Rebecca L -- Melbourne, Brett A -- Mitchell, Charles E -- Moore, Joslin L -- Morgan, John W -- Mortensen, Brent -- Orrock, John L -- Prober, Suzanne M -- Pyke, David A -- Risch, Anita C -- Schuetz, Martin -- Smith, Melinda D -- Stevens, Carly J -- Sullivan, Lauren L -- Wang, Gang -- Wragg, Peter D -- Wright, Justin P -- Yang, Louie H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 23;333(6050):1750-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1204498.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main, Logan, UT 84322, USA. peter.adler@usu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21940895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Australia ; *Biodiversity ; *Biomass ; China ; *Ecosystem ; Europe ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; North America ; Plant Development ; Plant Physiological Processes ; *Plants ; Regression Analysis
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2010-05-15
    Description: Clinical malaria is associated with the proliferation of Plasmodium parasites in human erythrocytes. The coordinated processes of parasite egress from and invasion into erythrocytes are rapid and tightly regulated. We have found that the plant-like calcium-dependent protein kinase PfCDPK5, which is expressed in invasive merozoite forms of Plasmodium falciparum, was critical for egress. Parasites deficient in PfCDPK5 arrested as mature schizonts with intact membranes, despite normal maturation of egress proteases and invasion ligands. Merozoites physically released from stalled schizonts were capable of invading new erythrocytes, separating the pathways of egress and invasion. The arrest was downstream of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase (PfPKG) function and independent of protease processing. Thus, PfCDPK5 plays an essential role during the blood stage of malaria replication.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3109083/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3109083/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dvorin, Jeffrey D -- Martyn, Derek C -- Patel, Saurabh D -- Grimley, Joshua S -- Collins, Christine R -- Hopp, Christine S -- Bright, A Taylor -- Westenberger, Scott -- Winzeler, Elizabeth -- Blackman, Michael J -- Baker, David A -- Wandless, Thomas J -- Duraisingh, Manoj T -- 086550/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G1000779/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- GM073046/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K08 AI087874/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- K12-HD000850/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- MC_U117532063/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 AI057919/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI057919-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM073046/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01AI057919/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U117532063/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 14;328(5980):910-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1188191.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20466936" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Calcium-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Erythrocytes/*parasitology ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Humans ; Ligands ; Merozoites/enzymology/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Morpholines/metabolism ; Plasmodium falciparum/cytology/enzymology/growth & development/*physiology ; Protein Kinases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Pyridines/pharmacology ; Pyrroles/pharmacology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Schizonts/cytology/enzymology/physiology
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2012-06-23
    Description: Avian A/H5N1 influenza viruses pose a pandemic threat. As few as five amino acid substitutions, or four with reassortment, might be sufficient for mammal-to-mammal transmission through respiratory droplets. From surveillance data, we found that two of these substitutions are common in A/H5N1 viruses, and thus, some viruses might require only three additional substitutions to become transmissible via respiratory droplets between mammals. We used a mathematical model of within-host virus evolution to study factors that could increase and decrease the probability of the remaining substitutions evolving after the virus has infected a mammalian host. These factors, combined with the presence of some of these substitutions in circulating strains, make a virus evolving in nature a potentially serious threat. These results highlight critical areas in which more data are needed for assessing, and potentially averting, this threat.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3426314/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3426314/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Russell, Colin A -- Fonville, Judith M -- Brown, Andre E X -- Burke, David F -- Smith, David L -- James, Sarah L -- Herfst, Sander -- van Boheemen, Sander -- Linster, Martin -- Schrauwen, Eefje J -- Katzelnick, Leah -- Mosterin, Ana -- Kuiken, Thijs -- Maher, Eileen -- Neumann, Gabriele -- Osterhaus, Albert D M E -- Kawaoka, Yoshihiro -- Fouchier, Ron A M -- Smith, Derek J -- DP1 OD000490/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1-OD000490-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- HHSN266200700010C/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HHSN266200700010C/PHS HHS/ -- R01 AI 069274/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R56 AI069274/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 22;336(6088):1541-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1222526.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22723414" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Air Microbiology ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Birds ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genetic Fitness ; Glycosylation ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/*genetics/metabolism ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/*genetics/*pathogenicity ; Influenza in Birds/virology ; Influenza, Human/immunology/transmission/*virology ; Mammals ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/transmission/*virology ; Probability ; RNA Replicase/*genetics ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; Respiratory System/*virology ; Selection, Genetic ; Sialic Acids/metabolism ; Viral Proteins/*genetics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2010-05-08
    Description: Dicer is a central enzyme in microRNA (miRNA) processing. We identified a Dicer-independent miRNA biogenesis pathway that uses Argonaute2 (Ago2) slicer catalytic activity. In contrast to other miRNAs, miR-451 levels were refractory to dicer loss of function but were reduced in MZago2 (maternal-zygotic) mutants. We found that pre-miR-451 processing requires Ago2 catalytic activity in vivo. MZago2 mutants showed delayed erythropoiesis that could be rescued by wild-type Ago2 or miR-451-duplex but not by catalytically dead Ago2. Changing the secondary structure of Dicer-dependent miRNAs to mimic that of pre-miR-451 restored miRNA function and rescued developmental defects in MZdicer mutants, indicating that the pre-miRNA secondary structure determines the processing pathway in vivo. We propose that Ago2-mediated cleavage of pre-miRNAs, followed by uridylation and trimming, generates functional miRNAs independently of Dicer.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3093307/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3093307/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cifuentes, Daniel -- Xue, Huiling -- Taylor, David W -- Patnode, Heather -- Mishima, Yuichiro -- Cheloufi, Sihem -- Ma, Enbo -- Mane, Shrikant -- Hannon, Gregory J -- Lawson, Nathan D -- Wolfe, Scot A -- Giraldez, Antonio J -- P01 CA013106/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA013106-38/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM081602/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM081602-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM081602-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM081602-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM081602-03S1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM081602-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM101108/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL093766/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL093766-04/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01GM081602-03/03S1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01HL093766/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 25;328(5986):1694-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1190809. Epub 2010 May 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20448148" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Argonaute Proteins ; Biocatalysis ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Embryonic Development ; Erythropoiesis ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Morphogenesis ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA Precursors/metabolism ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Ribonuclease III/metabolism ; Zebrafish/embryology/genetics/*metabolism ; Zebrafish Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2010-10-16
    Description: The nucleus accumbens is a key mediator of cocaine reward, but the distinct roles of the two subpopulations of nucleus accumbens projection neurons, those expressing dopamine D1 versus D2 receptors, are poorly understood. We show that deletion of TrkB, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptor, selectively from D1+ or D2+ neurons oppositely affects cocaine reward. Because loss of TrkB in D2+ neurons increases their neuronal excitability, we next used optogenetic tools to control selectively the firing rate of D1+ and D2+ nucleus accumbens neurons and studied consequent effects on cocaine reward. Activation of D2+ neurons, mimicking the loss of TrkB, suppresses cocaine reward, with opposite effects induced by activation of D1+ neurons. These results provide insight into the molecular control of D1+ and D2+ neuronal activity as well as the circuit-level contribution of these cell types to cocaine reward.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3011229/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3011229/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lobo, Mary Kay -- Covington, Herbert E 3rd -- Chaudhury, Dipesh -- Friedman, Allyson K -- Sun, HaoSheng -- Damez-Werno, Diane -- Dietz, David M -- Zaman, Samir -- Koo, Ja Wook -- Kennedy, Pamela J -- Mouzon, Ezekiell -- Mogri, Murtaza -- Neve, Rachael L -- Deisseroth, Karl -- Han, Ming-Hu -- Nestler, Eric J -- P01 DA008227/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA008227-20/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA007359/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA007359-22/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA014133/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA014133-10/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA014133-11/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA014133-12/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH051399/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH051399-19/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH051399-20/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- T32 DA007135-26A2/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 15;330(6002):385-90. doi: 10.1126/science.1188472.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20947769" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/*metabolism ; Cocaine/*pharmacology ; Cocaine-Related Disorders/*metabolism ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Light ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Nucleus Accumbens/cytology/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Receptor, trkB/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism ; *Reward ; Rhodopsin/genetics/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2012-02-11
    Description: Apical constriction changes cell shapes, driving critical morphogenetic events, including gastrulation in diverse organisms and neural tube closure in vertebrates. Apical constriction is thought to be triggered by contraction of apical actomyosin networks. We found that apical actomyosin contractions began before cell shape changes in both Caenorhabitis elegans and Drosophila. In C. elegans, actomyosin networks were initially dynamic, contracting and generating cortical tension without substantial shrinking of apical surfaces. Apical cell-cell contact zones and actomyosin only later moved increasingly in concert, with no detectable change in actomyosin dynamics or cortical tension. Thus, apical constriction appears to be triggered not by a change in cortical tension, but by dynamic linking of apical cell-cell contact zones to an already contractile apical cortex.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3298882/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3298882/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roh-Johnson, Minna -- Shemer, Gidi -- Higgins, Christopher D -- McClellan, Joseph H -- Werts, Adam D -- Tulu, U Serdar -- Gao, Liang -- Betzig, Eric -- Kiehart, Daniel P -- Goldstein, Bob -- R01 GM033830/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083071/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083071-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083071-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083071-02S1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083071-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083071-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM33830/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 9;335(6073):1232-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1217869. Epub 2012 Feb 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22323741" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actomyosin/chemistry/*physiology ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*cytology/*embryology ; Cell Membrane/physiology/ultrastructure ; *Cell Shape ; Computer Simulation ; Cytoskeleton/physiology/ultrastructure ; Drosophila melanogaster/*cytology/*embryology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology/physiology ; Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching ; *Gastrulation ; Intercellular Junctions/physiology/ultrastructure ; Mechanical Phenomena ; Models, Biological ; Morphogenesis ; Myosins/chemistry/physiology
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2012-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garcia, S M -- Kolding, J -- Rice, J -- Rochet, M-J -- Zhou, S -- Arimoto, T -- Beyer, J E -- Borges, L -- Bundy, A -- Dunn, D -- Fulton, E A -- Hall, M -- Heino, M -- Law, R -- Makino, M -- Rijnsdorp, A D -- Simard, F -- Smith, A D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 2;335(6072):1045-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1214594.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Commission on Ecosystem Management, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN-CEM), Fisheries Expert Group, Brussels, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383833" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Body Size ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Models, Biological ; Policy
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Tissues can be soft like fat, which bears little stress, or stiff like bone, which sustains high stress, but whether there is a systematic relationship between tissue mechanics and differentiation is unknown. Here, proteomics analyses revealed that levels of the nucleoskeletal protein lamin-A scaled with tissue elasticity, E, as did levels of collagens in the extracellular matrix that determine E. Stem cell differentiation into fat on soft matrix was enhanced by low lamin-A levels, whereas differentiation into bone on stiff matrix was enhanced by high lamin-A levels. Matrix stiffness directly influenced lamin-A protein levels, and, although lamin-A transcription was regulated by the vitamin A/retinoic acid (RA) pathway with broad roles in development, nuclear entry of RA receptors was modulated by lamin-A protein. Tissue stiffness and stress thus increase lamin-A levels, which stabilize the nucleus while also contributing to lineage determination.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3976548/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3976548/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Swift, Joe -- Ivanovska, Irena L -- Buxboim, Amnon -- Harada, Takamasa -- Dingal, P C Dave P -- Pinter, Joel -- Pajerowski, J David -- Spinler, Kyle R -- Shin, Jae-Won -- Tewari, Manorama -- Rehfeldt, Florian -- Speicher, David W -- Discher, Dennis E -- 8UL1TR000003/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- CA010815/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL038794/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01DK032094/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30-DK090969/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB007049/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL062352/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01EB007049/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01HL062352/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 30;341(6149):1240104. doi: 10.1126/science.1240104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular and Cell Biophysics Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23990565" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipogenesis ; Animals ; *Cell Differentiation ; Collagen/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; *Elasticity ; Extracellular Matrix/chemistry/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Humans ; Lamin Type A/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/*cytology ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Nuclear Lamina/metabolism ; *Osteogenesis/genetics ; Protein Conformation ; Proteome ; *Stress, Mechanical ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tretinoin/metabolism ; Vitamin A/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2014-05-17
    Description: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is useful to determine molecular structure in tissues grown in vitro only if their fidelity, relative to native tissue, can be established. Here, we use multidimensional NMR spectra of animal and in vitro model tissues as fingerprints of their respective molecular structures, allowing us to compare the intact tissues at atomic length scales. To obtain spectra from animal tissues, we developed a heavy mouse enriched by about 20% in the NMR-active isotopes carbon-13 and nitrogen-15. The resulting spectra allowed us to refine an in vitro model of developing bone and to probe its detailed structure. The identification of an unexpected molecule, poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose), that may be implicated in calcification of the bone matrix, illustrates the analytical power of this approach.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chow, W Ying -- Rajan, Rakesh -- Muller, Karin H -- Reid, David G -- Skepper, Jeremy N -- Wong, Wai Ching -- Brooks, Roger A -- Green, Maggie -- Bihan, Dominique -- Farndale, Richard W -- Slatter, David A -- Shanahan, Catherine M -- Duer, Melinda J -- BB/G021392/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0500707/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- PG/08/011/24416/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- PG/10/43/28390/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- RG/09/003/27122/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- RG/11/14/29056/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 16;344(6185):742-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1248167.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK. ; Orthopaedic Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK. ; Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK. ; Central Biomedical Resources, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, West Forvie Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK. ; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK. ; British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK. ; Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK. mjd13@cam.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24833391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bone Development ; *Calcification, Physiologic ; Carbon Isotopes ; Extracellular Matrix/chemistry ; Growth Plate/growth & development ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Nitrogen Isotopes ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular/*methods ; Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose/*analysis ; Sheep
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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