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  • Cell Proliferation  (9)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (9)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • 2015-2019  (2)
  • 2010-2014  (7)
  • 1960-1964
Collection
Publisher
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (9)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2015-2019  (2)
  • 2010-2014  (7)
  • 1960-1964
  • 2005-2009  (1)
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: The typical response of the adult mammalian pulmonary circulation to a low oxygen environment is vasoconstriction and structural remodelling of pulmonary arterioles, leading to chronic elevation of pulmonary artery pressure (pulmonary hypertension) and right ventricular hypertrophy. Some mammals, however, exhibit genetic resistance to hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. We used a congenic breeding program and comparative genomics to exploit this variation in the rat and identified the gene Slc39a12 as a major regulator of hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodelling. Slc39a12 encodes the zinc transporter ZIP12. Here we report that ZIP12 expression is increased in many cell types, including endothelial, smooth muscle and interstitial cells, in the remodelled pulmonary arterioles of rats, cows and humans susceptible to hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. We show that ZIP12 expression in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells is hypoxia dependent and that targeted inhibition of ZIP12 inhibits the rise in intracellular labile zinc in hypoxia-exposed pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells and their proliferation in culture. We demonstrate that genetic disruption of ZIP12 expression attenuates the development of pulmonary hypertension in rats housed in a hypoxic atmosphere. This new and unexpected insight into the fundamental role of a zinc transporter in mammalian pulmonary vascular homeostasis suggests a new drug target for the pharmacological management of pulmonary hypertension.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhao, Lan -- Oliver, Eduardo -- Maratou, Klio -- Atanur, Santosh S -- Dubois, Olivier D -- Cotroneo, Emanuele -- Chen, Chien-Nien -- Wang, Lei -- Arce, Cristina -- Chabosseau, Pauline L -- Ponsa-Cobas, Joan -- Frid, Maria G -- Moyon, Benjamin -- Webster, Zoe -- Aldashev, Almaz -- Ferrer, Jorge -- Rutter, Guy A -- Stenmark, Kurt R -- Aitman, Timothy J -- Wilkins, Martin R -- 098424/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 101033/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- MR/J0003042/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- P01 HL014985/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- PG/04/035/16912/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- PG/10/59/28478/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- PG/12/61/29818/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- PG/2000137/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- PG/95170/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- PG/98018/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- RG/10/16/28575/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- WT098424AIA/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2015 Aug 20;524(7565):356-60. doi: 10.1038/nature14620. Epub 2015 Aug 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK. ; Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK. ; Section of Epigenomics and Disease, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK. ; Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80045, USA. ; Transgenics and Embryonic Stem Cell Laboratory, Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK. ; Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, 3 Togolok Moldo Street, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan. ; Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26258299" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Congenic ; Anoxia/genetics/*metabolism ; Arterioles/metabolism ; Cation Transport Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Cattle ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics/*metabolism ; Intracellular Space/metabolism ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Rats, Inbred WKY ; Zinc/metabolism
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-07-08
    Description: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are mutagenic and may thereby promote cancer. Normally, ROS levels are tightly controlled by an inducible antioxidant program that responds to cellular stressors and is predominantly regulated by the transcription factor Nrf2 (also known as Nfe2l2) and its repressor protein Keap1 (refs 2-5). In contrast to the acute physiological regulation of Nrf2, in neoplasia there is evidence for increased basal activation of Nrf2. Indeed, somatic mutations that disrupt the Nrf2-Keap1 interaction to stabilize Nrf2 and increase the constitutive transcription of Nrf2 target genes were recently identified, indicating that enhanced ROS detoxification and additional Nrf2 functions may in fact be pro-tumorigenic. Here, we investigated ROS metabolism in primary murine cells following the expression of endogenous oncogenic alleles of Kras, Braf and Myc, and found that ROS are actively suppressed by these oncogenes. K-Ras(G12D), B-Raf(V619E) and Myc(ERT2) each increased the transcription of Nrf2 to stably elevate the basal Nrf2 antioxidant program and thereby lower intracellular ROS and confer a more reduced intracellular environment. Oncogene-directed increased expression of Nrf2 is a new mechanism for the activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant program, and is evident in primary cells and tissues of mice expressing K-Ras(G12D) and B-Raf(V619E), and in human pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, genetic targeting of the Nrf2 pathway impairs K-Ras(G12D)-induced proliferation and tumorigenesis in vivo. Thus, the Nrf2 antioxidant and cellular detoxification program represents a previously unappreciated mediator of oncogenesis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3404470/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3404470/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeNicola, Gina M -- Karreth, Florian A -- Humpton, Timothy J -- Gopinathan, Aarthi -- Wei, Cong -- Frese, Kristopher -- Mangal, Dipti -- Yu, Kenneth H -- Yeo, Charles J -- Calhoun, Eric S -- Scrimieri, Francesca -- Winter, Jordan M -- Hruban, Ralph H -- Iacobuzio-Donahue, Christine -- Kern, Scott E -- Blair, Ian A -- Tuveson, David A -- CA084291/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA101973/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA105490/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA106610/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA111294/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA128920/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA62924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA101973/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA101973-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jul 6;475(7354):106-9. doi: 10.1038/nature10189.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Li Ka Shing Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21734707" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics/metabolism ; Alleles ; Animals ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics/*metabolism/*pathology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Genes, myc/genetics ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Oncogenes/*genetics ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics/*metabolism/*pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics/metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/*metabolism
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2014-11-14
    Description: Evolutionary expansion of the human neocortex underlies many of our unique mental abilities. This expansion has been attributed to the increased proliferative potential of radial glia (RG; neural stem cells) and their subventricular dispersion from the periventricular niche during neocortical development. Such adaptations may have evolved through gene expression changes in RG. However, whether or how RG gene expression varies between humans and other species is unknown. Here we show that the transcriptional profiles of human and mouse neocortical RG are broadly conserved during neurogenesis, yet diverge for specific signalling pathways. By analysing differential gene co-expression relationships between the species, we demonstrate that the growth factor PDGFD is specifically expressed by RG in human, but not mouse, corticogenesis. We also show that the expression domain of PDGFRbeta, the cognate receptor for PDGFD, is evolutionarily divergent, with high expression in the germinal region of dorsal human neocortex but not in the mouse. Pharmacological inhibition of PDGFD-PDGFRbeta signalling in slice culture prevents normal cell cycle progression of neocortical RG in human, but not mouse. Conversely, injection of recombinant PDGFD or ectopic expression of constitutively active PDGFRbeta in developing mouse neocortex increases the proportion of RG and their subventricular dispersion. These findings highlight the requirement of PDGFD-PDGFRbeta signalling for human neocortical development and suggest that local production of growth factors by RG supports the expanded germinal region and progenitor heterogeneity of species with large brains.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4231536/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4231536/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lui, Jan H -- Nowakowski, Tomasz J -- Pollen, Alex A -- Javaherian, Ashkan -- Kriegstein, Arnold R -- Oldham, Michael C -- R01 NS021223/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS072630/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS075998/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Nov 13;515(7526):264-8. doi: 10.1038/nature13973.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology and The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25391964" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Lymphokines/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Neocortex/cytology/growth & development/*metabolism ; Neuroglia/cytology/*metabolism ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2014-11-11
    Description: Inactivation of APC is a strongly predisposing event in the development of colorectal cancer, prompting the search for vulnerabilities specific to cells that have lost APC function. Signalling through the mTOR pathway is known to be required for epithelial cell proliferation and tumour growth, and the current paradigm suggests that a critical function of mTOR activity is to upregulate translational initiation through phosphorylation of 4EBP1 (refs 6, 7). This model predicts that the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, which does not efficiently inhibit 4EBP1 (ref. 8), would be ineffective in limiting cancer progression in APC-deficient lesions. Here we show in mice that mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activity is absolutely required for the proliferation of Apc-deficient (but not wild-type) enterocytes, revealing an unexpected opportunity for therapeutic intervention. Although APC-deficient cells show the expected increases in protein synthesis, our study reveals that it is translation elongation, and not initiation, which is the rate-limiting component. Mechanistically, mTORC1-mediated inhibition of eEF2 kinase is required for the proliferation of APC-deficient cells. Importantly, treatment of established APC-deficient adenomas with rapamycin (which can target eEF2 through the mTORC1-S6K-eEF2K axis) causes tumour cells to undergo growth arrest and differentiation. Taken together, our data suggest that inhibition of translation elongation using existing, clinically approved drugs, such as the rapalogs, would provide clear therapeutic benefit for patients at high risk of developing colorectal cancer.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4304784/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4304784/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Faller, William J -- Jackson, Thomas J -- Knight, John R P -- Ridgway, Rachel A -- Jamieson, Thomas -- Karim, Saadia A -- Jones, Carolyn -- Radulescu, Sorina -- Huels, David J -- Myant, Kevin B -- Dudek, Kate M -- Casey, Helen A -- Scopelliti, Alessandro -- Cordero, Julia B -- Vidal, Marcos -- Pende, Mario -- Ryazanov, Alexey G -- Sonenberg, Nahum -- Meyuhas, Oded -- Hall, Michael N -- Bushell, Martin -- Willis, Anne E -- Sansom, Owen J -- 311301/European Research Council/International -- A7130/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- G1000078/1/National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research/United Kingdom -- MC_UP_A600_1023/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 22;517(7535):497-500. doi: 10.1038/nature13896. Epub 2014 Nov 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK. ; Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK. ; Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, CS 61431, Paris, France Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U1151, F-75014 Paris, France Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 75006 Paris, France. ; Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel. ; Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25383520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein/deficiency/genetics ; Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism/*pathology ; Elongation Factor 2 Kinase/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Genes, APC ; Intestinal Neoplasms/genetics/*metabolism/*pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Multiprotein Complexes/*metabolism ; Oncogene Protein p55(v-myc)/metabolism ; *Peptide Chain Elongation, Translational ; Peptide Elongation Factor 2/metabolism ; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Wnt Proteins/metabolism
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2013-03-15
    Description: Maintenance of body temperature is essential for the survival of homeotherms. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specialized fat tissue that is dedicated to thermoregulation. Owing to its remarkable capacity to dissipate stored energy and its demonstrated presence in adult humans, BAT holds great promise for the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Rodent data suggest the existence of two types of brown fat cells: constitutive BAT (cBAT), which is of embryonic origin and anatomically located in the interscapular region of mice; and recruitable BAT (rBAT), which resides within white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle, and has alternatively been called beige, brite or inducible BAT. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate the formation and thermogenic activity of BAT. Here we use mouse models to provide evidence for a systemically active regulatory mechanism that controls whole-body BAT activity for thermoregulation and energy homeostasis. Genetic ablation of the type 1A BMP receptor (Bmpr1a) in brown adipogenic progenitor cells leads to a severe paucity of cBAT. This in turn increases sympathetic input to WAT, thereby promoting the formation of rBAT within white fat depots. This previously unknown compensatory mechanism, aimed at restoring total brown-fat-mediated thermogenic capacity in the body, is sufficient to maintain normal temperature homeostasis and resistance to diet-induced obesity. These data suggest an important physiological cross-talk between constitutive and recruitable brown fat cells. This sophisticated regulatory mechanism of body temperature may participate in the control of energy balance and metabolic disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3623555/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3623555/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schulz, Tim J -- Huang, Ping -- Huang, Tian Lian -- Xue, Ruidan -- McDougall, Lindsay E -- Townsend, Kristy L -- Cypess, Aaron M -- Mishina, Yuji -- Gussoni, Emanuela -- Tseng, Yu-Hua -- F32 DK091996/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K23 DK081604/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK036836/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK077097/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS047727/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 DK007260/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Mar 21;495(7441):379-83. doi: 10.1038/nature11943. Epub 2013 Mar 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23485971" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue, Brown/*cytology/innervation/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue, White/*cytology/metabolism ; Animals ; Body Temperature ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I/genetics/metabolism ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Energy Metabolism ; Mice ; *Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2014-12-10
    Description: Therapy-related acute myeloid leukaemia (t-AML) and therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) are well-recognized complications of cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. There are several features that distinguish t-AML from de novo AML, including a higher incidence of TP53 mutations, abnormalities of chromosomes 5 or 7, complex cytogenetics and a reduced response to chemotherapy. However, it is not clear how prior exposure to cytotoxic therapy influences leukaemogenesis. In particular, the mechanism by which TP53 mutations are selectively enriched in t-AML/t-MDS is unknown. Here, by sequencing the genomes of 22 patients with t-AML, we show that the total number of somatic single-nucleotide variants and the percentage of chemotherapy-related transversions are similar in t-AML and de novo AML, indicating that previous chemotherapy does not induce genome-wide DNA damage. We identified four cases of t-AML/t-MDS in which the exact TP53 mutation found at diagnosis was also present at low frequencies (0.003-0.7%) in mobilized blood leukocytes or bone marrow 3-6 years before the development of t-AML/t-MDS, including two cases in which the relevant TP53 mutation was detected before any chemotherapy. Moreover, functional TP53 mutations were identified in small populations of peripheral blood cells of healthy chemotherapy-naive elderly individuals. Finally, in mouse bone marrow chimaeras containing both wild-type and Tp53(+/-) haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), the Tp53(+/-) HSPCs preferentially expanded after exposure to chemotherapy. These data suggest that cytotoxic therapy does not directly induce TP53 mutations. Rather, they support a model in which rare HSPCs carrying age-related TP53 mutations are resistant to chemotherapy and expand preferentially after treatment. The early acquisition of TP53 mutations in the founding HSPC clone probably contributes to the frequent cytogenetic abnormalities and poor responses to chemotherapy that are typical of patients with t-AML/t-MDS.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4403236/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4403236/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wong, Terrence N -- Ramsingh, Giridharan -- Young, Andrew L -- Miller, Christopher A -- Touma, Waseem -- Welch, John S -- Lamprecht, Tamara L -- Shen, Dong -- Hundal, Jasreet -- Fulton, Robert S -- Heath, Sharon -- Baty, Jack D -- Klco, Jeffery M -- Ding, Li -- Mardis, Elaine R -- Westervelt, Peter -- DiPersio, John F -- Walter, Matthew J -- Graubert, Timothy A -- Ley, Timothy J -- Druley, Todd E -- Link, Daniel C -- Wilson, Richard K -- K08 HL116605/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA101937/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003079/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Feb 26;518(7540):552-5. doi: 10.1038/nature13968. Epub 2014 Dec 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Jane Anne Nohl Division of Hematology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. ; The Genome Institute, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. ; 1] Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA [2] Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. ; AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, USA. ; Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. ; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. ; 1] The Genome Institute, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA [2] Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA [3] Department of Genetics, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25487151" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Cell Lineage/drug effects/*genetics ; Cell Proliferation ; Clone Cells ; DNA Damage ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects/genetics ; Ethylnitrosourea/pharmacology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genes, p53/*genetics ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology/drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/*chemically induced/*genetics/pathology ; Mice ; Models, Genetic ; Mutation/drug effects/*genetics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2012-03-27
    Description: The immunostimulatory cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a growth factor for a wide range of leukocytes, including T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Considerable effort has been invested in using IL-2 as a therapeutic agent for a variety of immune disorders ranging from AIDS to cancer. However, adverse effects have limited its use in the clinic. On activated T cells, IL-2 signals through a quaternary 'high affinity' receptor complex consisting of IL-2, IL-2Ralpha (termed CD25), IL-2Rbeta and IL-2Rgamma. Naive T cells express only a low density of IL-2Rbeta and IL-2Rgamma, and are therefore relatively insensitive to IL-2, but acquire sensitivity after CD25 expression, which captures the cytokine and presents it to IL-2Rbeta and IL-2Rgamma. Here, using in vitro evolution, we eliminated the functional requirement of IL-2 for CD25 expression by engineering an IL-2 'superkine' (also called super-2) with increased binding affinity for IL-2Rbeta. Crystal structures of the IL-2 superkine in free and receptor-bound forms showed that the evolved mutations are principally in the core of the cytokine, and molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the evolved mutations stabilized IL-2, reducing the flexibility of a helix in the IL-2Rbeta binding site, into an optimized receptor-binding conformation resembling that when bound to CD25. The evolved mutations in the IL-2 superkine recapitulated the functional role of CD25 by eliciting potent phosphorylation of STAT5 and vigorous proliferation of T cells irrespective of CD25 expression. Compared to IL-2, the IL-2 superkine induced superior expansion of cytotoxic T cells, leading to improved antitumour responses in vivo, and elicited proportionally less expansion of T regulatory cells and reduced pulmonary oedema. Collectively, we show that in vitro evolution has mimicked the functional role of CD25 in enhancing IL-2 potency and regulating target cell specificity, which has implications for immunotherapy.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3338870/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3338870/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levin, Aron M -- Bates, Darren L -- Ring, Aaron M -- Krieg, Carsten -- Lin, Jack T -- Su, Leon -- Moraga, Ignacio -- Raeber, Miro E -- Bowman, Gregory R -- Novick, Paul -- Pande, Vijay S -- Fathman, C Garrison -- Boyman, Onur -- Garcia, K Christopher -- AR050942/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- GM07365/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI051321/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI051321-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA065237/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM062868/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01AI51321/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI051321/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007290/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 DK078123/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI 082719/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Mar 25;484(7395):529-33. doi: 10.1038/nature10975.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22446627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Directed Molecular Evolution ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Interleukin-2/*chemistry/genetics/*immunology/pharmacology ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/chemistry/deficiency/immunology/metabolism ; Interleukin-2 Receptor beta Subunit/chemistry/metabolism ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Mutant Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*immunology/pharmacology ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms/drug therapy/immunology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Conformation ; *Protein Engineering ; STAT5 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Surface Plasmon Resonance ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2014-01-07
    Description: Although a few cancer genes are mutated in a high proportion of tumours of a given type (〉20%), most are mutated at intermediate frequencies (2-20%). To explore the feasibility of creating a comprehensive catalogue of cancer genes, we analysed somatic point mutations in exome sequences from 4,742 human cancers and their matched normal-tissue samples across 21 cancer types. We found that large-scale genomic analysis can identify nearly all known cancer genes in these tumour types. Our analysis also identified 33 genes that were not previously known to be significantly mutated in cancer, including genes related to proliferation, apoptosis, genome stability, chromatin regulation, immune evasion, RNA processing and protein homeostasis. Down-sampling analysis indicates that larger sample sizes will reveal many more genes mutated at clinically important frequencies. We estimate that near-saturation may be achieved with 600-5,000 samples per tumour type, depending on background mutation frequency. The results may help to guide the next stage of cancer genomics.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4048962/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4048962/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawrence, Michael S -- Stojanov, Petar -- Mermel, Craig H -- Robinson, James T -- Garraway, Levi A -- Golub, Todd R -- Meyerson, Matthew -- Gabriel, Stacey B -- Lander, Eric S -- Getz, Gad -- R01 CA157304/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Jan 23;505(7484):495-501. doi: 10.1038/nature12912. Epub 2014 Jan 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; 1] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2] Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. ; 1] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2] Massachusetts General Hospital, Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. ; 1] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2] Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [3] Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; 1] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2] Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [3] Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [4] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA. ; 1] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2] Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [3] Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA [4]. ; 1] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2] Massachusetts General Hospital, Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [3] Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [4].〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24390350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Apoptosis/genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Cell Proliferation ; Chromatin/genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exome/genetics ; Genes, Neoplasm/*genetics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Genomic Instability/genetics ; Genomics ; Humans ; Immune Evasion/genetics ; Mutation Rate ; Neoplasms/*classification/*genetics/pathology ; Point Mutation/genetics ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional/genetics ; Sample Size
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2015-03-04
    Description: Inflammation promotes regeneration of injured tissues through poorly understood mechanisms, some of which involve interleukin (IL)-6 family members, the expression of which is elevated in many diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer. Here we show in mice and human cells that gp130, a co-receptor for IL-6 cytokines, triggers activation of YAP and Notch, transcriptional regulators that control tissue growth and regeneration, independently of the gp130 effector STAT3. Through YAP and Notch, intestinal gp130 signalling stimulates epithelial cell proliferation, causes aberrant differentiation and confers resistance to mucosal erosion. gp130 associates with the related tyrosine kinases Src and Yes, which are activated on receptor engagement to phosphorylate YAP and induce its stabilization and nuclear translocation. This signalling module is strongly activated upon mucosal injury to promote healing and maintain barrier function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447318/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447318/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taniguchi, Koji -- Wu, Li-Wha -- Grivennikov, Sergei I -- de Jong, Petrus R -- Lian, Ian -- Yu, Fa-Xing -- Wang, Kepeng -- Ho, Samuel B -- Boland, Brigid S -- Chang, John T -- Sandborn, William J -- Hardiman, Gary -- Raz, Eyal -- Maehara, Yoshihiko -- Yoshimura, Akihiko -- Zucman-Rossi, Jessica -- Guan, Kun-Liang -- Karin, Michael -- CA118165-09/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA132809/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DP2 OD008469/OD/NIH HHS/ -- EY022611/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R00 DK088589/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA118165/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Mar 5;519(7541):57-62. doi: 10.1038/nature14228. Epub 2015 Feb 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [2] Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [3] Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan [4] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan. ; 1] Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [2] Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. ; 1] Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [2] Fox Chase Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA. ; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. ; 1] Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [2] Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [3] Department of Biology, Lamar University, PO Box 10037, Beaumont, Texas 77710, USA. ; 1] Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [2] Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [3] Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. ; Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. ; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161, USA. ; Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. ; 1] Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA [2] CSRC and BIMRC, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA. ; Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. ; 1] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan [2] Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan. ; 1] Inserm, UMR 1162, Genomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, IUH, Paris 75010, France [2] Universite Paris Descartes, Labex Immuno-oncology, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Faculte de Medicine, Paris 75006, France. ; 1] Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [2] Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. ; 1] Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [2] Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [3] Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25731159" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/*metabolism ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cytokine Receptor gp130/*metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Enzyme Activation ; Epithelial Cells/*cytology/metabolism/pathology ; HEK293 Cells ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Inflammation/*metabolism/pathology ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/metabolism/pathology ; Intestinal Mucosa/*cytology/metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Phosphoproteins/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-yes/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src)/*metabolism ; Receptors, Notch/metabolism ; *Regeneration ; Signal Transduction ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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