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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-07-08
    Description: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are mutagenic and may thereby promote cancer. Normally, ROS levels are tightly controlled by an inducible antioxidant program that responds to cellular stressors and is predominantly regulated by the transcription factor Nrf2 (also known as Nfe2l2) and its repressor protein Keap1 (refs 2-5). In contrast to the acute physiological regulation of Nrf2, in neoplasia there is evidence for increased basal activation of Nrf2. Indeed, somatic mutations that disrupt the Nrf2-Keap1 interaction to stabilize Nrf2 and increase the constitutive transcription of Nrf2 target genes were recently identified, indicating that enhanced ROS detoxification and additional Nrf2 functions may in fact be pro-tumorigenic. Here, we investigated ROS metabolism in primary murine cells following the expression of endogenous oncogenic alleles of Kras, Braf and Myc, and found that ROS are actively suppressed by these oncogenes. K-Ras(G12D), B-Raf(V619E) and Myc(ERT2) each increased the transcription of Nrf2 to stably elevate the basal Nrf2 antioxidant program and thereby lower intracellular ROS and confer a more reduced intracellular environment. Oncogene-directed increased expression of Nrf2 is a new mechanism for the activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant program, and is evident in primary cells and tissues of mice expressing K-Ras(G12D) and B-Raf(V619E), and in human pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, genetic targeting of the Nrf2 pathway impairs K-Ras(G12D)-induced proliferation and tumorigenesis in vivo. Thus, the Nrf2 antioxidant and cellular detoxification program represents a previously unappreciated mediator of oncogenesis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3404470/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3404470/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeNicola, Gina M -- Karreth, Florian A -- Humpton, Timothy J -- Gopinathan, Aarthi -- Wei, Cong -- Frese, Kristopher -- Mangal, Dipti -- Yu, Kenneth H -- Yeo, Charles J -- Calhoun, Eric S -- Scrimieri, Francesca -- Winter, Jordan M -- Hruban, Ralph H -- Iacobuzio-Donahue, Christine -- Kern, Scott E -- Blair, Ian A -- Tuveson, David A -- CA084291/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA101973/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA105490/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA106610/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA111294/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA128920/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA62924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA101973/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA101973-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jul 6;475(7354):106-9. doi: 10.1038/nature10189.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Li Ka Shing Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21734707" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics/metabolism ; Alleles ; Animals ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics/*metabolism/*pathology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Genes, myc/genetics ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Oncogenes/*genetics ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics/*metabolism/*pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics/metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1996-01-19
    Description: About 90 percent of human pancreatic carcinomas show allelic loss at chromosome 18q. To identify candidate tumor suppressor genes on 18q, a panel of pancreatic carcinomas were analyzed for convergent sites of homozygous deletion. Twenty-five of 84 tumors had homozygous deletions at 18q21.1, a site that excludes DCC (a candidate suppressor gene for colorectal cancer) and includes DPC4, a gene similar in sequence to a Drosophila melanogaster gene (Mad) implicated in a transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-like signaling pathway. Potentially inactivating mutations in DPC4 were identified in six of 27 pancreatic carcinomas that did not have homozygous deletions at 18q21.1. These results identify DPC4 as a candidate tumor suppressor gene whose inactivation may play a role in pancreatic and possibly other human cancers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hahn, S A -- Schutte, M -- Hoque, A T -- Moskaluk, C A -- da Costa, L T -- Rozenblum, E -- Weinstein, C L -- Fischer, A -- Yeo, C J -- Hruban, R H -- Kern, S E -- CA62924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jan 19;271(5247):350-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8553070" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Division ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Smad4 Protein ; *Trans-Activators ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/physiology ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2001-03-13
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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