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  • *Ecosystem  (92)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (92)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • 2020-2023
  • 2005-2009  (92)
  • 1955-1959
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (92)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (17)
Years
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2006-11-04
    Description: Human-dominated marine ecosystems are experiencing accelerating loss of populations and species, with largely unknown consequences. We analyzed local experiments, long-term regional time series, and global fisheries data to test how biodiversity loss affects marine ecosystem services across temporal and spatial scales. Overall, rates of resource collapse increased and recovery potential, stability, and water quality decreased exponentially with declining diversity. Restoration of biodiversity, in contrast, increased productivity fourfold and decreased variability by 21%, on average. We conclude that marine biodiversity loss is increasingly impairing the ocean's capacity to provide food, maintain water quality, and recover from perturbations. Yet available data suggest that at this point, these trends are still reversible.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Worm, Boris -- Barbier, Edward B -- Beaumont, Nicola -- Duffy, J Emmett -- Folke, Carl -- Halpern, Benjamin S -- Jackson, Jeremy B C -- Lotze, Heike K -- Micheli, Fiorenza -- Palumbi, Stephen R -- Sala, Enric -- Selkoe, Kimberley A -- Stachowicz, John J -- Watson, Reg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):787-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4J1. bworm@dal.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17082450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryota ; *Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Forecasting ; Invertebrates ; Oceans and Seas ; Plants ; Population Dynamics ; Seafood ; Seawater ; Water Pollution
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2008-11-29
    Description: Calcium concentrations are now commonly declining in softwater boreal lakes. Although the mechanisms leading to these declines are generally well known, the consequences for the aquatic biota have not yet been reported. By examining crustacean zooplankton remains preserved in lake sediment cores, we document near extirpations of calcium-rich Daphnia species, which are keystone herbivores in pelagic food webs, concurrent with declining lake-water calcium. A large proportion (62%, 47 to 81% by region) of the Canadian Shield lakes we examined has a calcium concentration approaching or below the threshold at which laboratory Daphnia populations suffer reduced survival and fecundity. The ecological impacts of environmental calcium loss are likely to be both widespread and pronounced.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jeziorski, Adam -- Yan, Norman D -- Paterson, Andrew M -- Desellas, Anna M -- Turner, Michael A -- Jeffries, Dean S -- Keller, Bill -- Weeber, Russ C -- McNicol, Don K -- Palmer, Michelle E -- McIver, Kyle -- Arseneau, Kristina -- Ginn, Brian K -- Cumming, Brian F -- Smol, John P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 28;322(5906):1374-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1164949.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab, Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada, K7L 3N6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19039134" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*analysis ; Daphnia/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Fresh Water/*chemistry ; Geologic Sediments ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ontario ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Zooplankton/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2005-10-29
    Description: Global change will alter the supply of ecosystem services that are vital for human well-being. To investigate ecosystem service supply during the 21st century, we used a range of ecosystem models and scenarios of climate and land-use change to conduct a Europe-wide assessment. Large changes in climate and land use typically resulted in large changes in ecosystem service supply. Some of these trends may be positive (for example, increases in forest area and productivity) or offer opportunities (for example, "surplus land" for agricultural extensification and bioenergy production). However, many changes increase vulnerability as a result of a decreasing supply of ecosystem services (for example, declining soil fertility, declining water availability, increasing risk of forest fires), especially in the Mediterranean and mountain regions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schroter, Dagmar -- Cramer, Wolfgang -- Leemans, Rik -- Prentice, I Colin -- Araujo, Miguel B -- Arnell, Nigel W -- Bondeau, Alberte -- Bugmann, Harald -- Carter, Timothy R -- Gracia, Carlos A -- de la Vega-Leinert, Anne C -- Erhard, Markus -- Ewert, Frank -- Glendining, Margaret -- House, Joanna I -- Kankaanpaa, Susanna -- Klein, Richard J T -- Lavorel, Sandra -- Lindner, Marcus -- Metzger, Marc J -- Meyer, Jeannette -- Mitchell, Timothy D -- Reginster, Isabelle -- Rounsevell, Mark -- Sabate, Santi -- Sitch, Stephen -- Smith, Ben -- Smith, Jo -- Smith, Pete -- Sykes, Martin T -- Thonicke, Kirsten -- Thuiller, Wilfried -- Tuck, Gill -- Zaehle, Sonke -- Zierl, Barbel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 25;310(5752):1333-7. Epub 2005 Oct 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany. dagmar.schroeter@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16254151" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Biodiversity ; Carbon ; Climate ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crops, Agricultural ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Europe ; Greenhouse Effect ; Humans ; Models, Statistical ; Models, Theoretical ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Trees/growth & development ; Urban Population ; Water Supply ; Wood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2008-07-26
    Description: The conservation status of 845 zooxanthellate reef-building coral species was assessed by using International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List Criteria. Of the 704 species that could be assigned conservation status, 32.8% are in categories with elevated risk of extinction. Declines in abundance are associated with bleaching and diseases driven by elevated sea surface temperatures, with extinction risk further exacerbated by local-scale anthropogenic disturbances. The proportion of corals threatened with extinction has increased dramatically in recent decades and exceeds that of most terrestrial groups. The Caribbean has the largest proportion of corals in high extinction risk categories, whereas the Coral Triangle (western Pacific) has the highest proportion of species in all categories of elevated extinction risk. Our results emphasize the widespread plight of coral reefs and the urgent need to enact conservation measures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carpenter, Kent E -- Abrar, Muhammad -- Aeby, Greta -- Aronson, Richard B -- Banks, Stuart -- Bruckner, Andrew -- Chiriboga, Angel -- Cortes, Jorge -- Delbeek, J Charles -- Devantier, Lyndon -- Edgar, Graham J -- Edwards, Alasdair J -- Fenner, Douglas -- Guzman, Hector M -- Hoeksema, Bert W -- Hodgson, Gregor -- Johan, Ofri -- Licuanan, Wilfredo Y -- Livingstone, Suzanne R -- Lovell, Edward R -- Moore, Jennifer A -- Obura, David O -- Ochavillo, Domingo -- Polidoro, Beth A -- Precht, William F -- Quibilan, Miledel C -- Reboton, Clarissa -- Richards, Zoe T -- Rogers, Alex D -- Sanciangco, Jonnell -- Sheppard, Anne -- Sheppard, Charles -- Smith, Jennifer -- Stuart, Simon -- Turak, Emre -- Veron, John E N -- Wallace, Carden -- Weil, Ernesto -- Wood, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 25;321(5888):560-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1159196. Epub 2008 Jul 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Species Programme Species Survival Commission (SSC), Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA. kcarpent@odu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18653892" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa/classification/growth & development ; Caribbean Region ; *Climate ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Greenhouse Effect ; Indian Ocean ; Pacific Ocean ; Risk Assessment ; *Seawater ; Species Specificity ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2006-08-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crowder, L B -- Osherenko, G -- Young, O R -- Airame, S -- Norse, E A -- Baron, N -- Day, J C -- Douvere, F -- Ehler, C N -- Halpern, B S -- Langdon, S J -- McLeod, K L -- Ogden, J C -- Peach, R E -- Rosenberg, A A -- Wilson, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 4;313(5787):617-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Marine Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA. lcrowder@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16888124" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; *Government Regulation ; *Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2007-07-07
    Description: It is difficult to obtain fossil data from the 10% of Earth's terrestrial surface that is covered by thick glaciers and ice sheets, and hence, knowledge of the paleoenvironments of these regions has remained limited. We show that DNA and amino acids from buried organisms can be recovered from the basal sections of deep ice cores, enabling reconstructions of past flora and fauna. We show that high-altitude southern Greenland, currently lying below more than 2 kilometers of ice, was inhabited by a diverse array of conifer trees and insects within the past million years. The results provide direct evidence in support of a forested southern Greenland and suggest that many deep ice cores may contain genetic records of paleoenvironments in their basal sections.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2694912/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2694912/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willerslev, Eske -- Cappellini, Enrico -- Boomsma, Wouter -- Nielsen, Rasmus -- Hebsgaard, Martin B -- Brand, Tina B -- Hofreiter, Michael -- Bunce, Michael -- Poinar, Hendrik N -- Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe -- Johnsen, Sigfus -- Steffensen, Jorgen Peder -- Bennike, Ole -- Schwenninger, Jean-Luc -- Nathan, Roger -- Armitage, Simon -- de Hoog, Cees-Jan -- Alfimov, Vasily -- Christl, Marcus -- Beer, Juerg -- Muscheler, Raimund -- Barker, Joel -- Sharp, Martin -- Penkman, Kirsty E H -- Haile, James -- Taberlet, Pierre -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Casoli, Antonella -- Campani, Elisa -- Collins, Matthew J -- 076905/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 6;317(5834):111-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Ancient Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. ewillerslev@bi.ku.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17615355" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/*analysis/history/isolation & purification ; Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; Climate ; DNA/*analysis/history/isolation & purification ; *Ecosystem ; Fossils ; Geography ; Greenland ; History, Ancient ; Ice Cover/*chemistry ; *Invertebrates/classification/genetics ; *Plants/classification/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Time ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2007-06-26
    Description: The proliferation of icebergs from Antarctica over the past decade has raised questions about their potential impact on the surrounding pelagic ecosystem. Two free-drifting icebergs, 0.1 and 30.8 square kilometers in aerial surface area, and the surrounding waters were sampled in the northwest Weddell Sea during austral spring 2005. There was substantial enrichment of terrigenous material, and there were high concentrations of chlorophyll, krill, and seabirds surrounding each iceberg, extending out to a radial distance of approximately 3.7 kilometers. Extrapolating these results to all icebergs in the same size range, with the use of iceberg population estimates from satellite surveys, indicates that they similarly affect 39% of the surface ocean in this region. These results suggest that free-drifting icebergs can substantially affect the pelagic ecosystem of the Southern Ocean and can serve as areas of enhanced production and sequestration of organic carbon to the deep sea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Kenneth L Jr -- Robison, Bruce H -- Helly, John J -- Kaufmann, Ronald S -- Ruhl, Henry A -- Shaw, Timothy J -- Twining, Benjamin S -- Vernet, Maria -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 27;317(5837):478-82. Epub 2007 Jun 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA. ksmith@mbari.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17588896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Birds ; Chlorophyll/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; *Ice Cover ; Oceans and Seas ; *Phytoplankton/growth & development ; Sodium Chloride/analysis ; Trace Elements/analysis ; Water Movements ; *Zooplankton/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2007-05-15
    Description: In this millennium, global drylands face a myriad of problems that present tough research, management, and policy challenges. Recent advances in dryland development, however, together with the integrative approaches of global change and sustainability science, suggest that concerns about land degradation, poverty, safeguarding biodiversity, and protecting the culture of 2.5 billion people can be confronted with renewed optimism. We review recent lessons about the functioning of dryland ecosystems and the livelihood systems of their human residents and introduce a new synthetic framework, the Drylands Development Paradigm (DDP). The DDP, supported by a growing and well-documented set of tools for policy and management action, helps navigate the inherent complexity of desertification and dryland development, identifying and synthesizing those factors important to research, management, and policy communities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reynolds, James F -- Smith, D Mark Stafford -- Lambin, Eric F -- Turner, B L 2nd -- Mortimore, Michael -- Batterbury, Simon P J -- Downing, Thomas E -- Dowlatabadi, Hadi -- Fernandez, Roberto J -- Herrick, Jeffrey E -- Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth -- Jiang, Hong -- Leemans, Rik -- Lynam, Tim -- Maestre, Fernando T -- Ayarza, Miguel -- Walker, Brian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 11;316(5826):847-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences and Department of Biology, Post Office Box 90328, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. james.f.reynolds@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17495163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Desert Climate ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Humans ; Public Policy ; Soil
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2007-08-25
    Description: Biogeochemical rate processes in the Southern Ocean have an important impact on the global environment. Here, we summarize an extensive set of published and new data that establishes the pattern of gross primary production and net community production over large areas of the Southern Ocean. We compare these rates with model estimates of dissolved iron that is added to surface waters by aerosols. This comparison shows that net community production, which is comparable to export production, is proportional to modeled input of soluble iron in aerosols. Our results strengthen the evidence that the addition of aerosol iron fertilizes export production in the Southern Ocean. The data also show that aerosol iron input particularly enhances gross primary production over the large area of the Southern Ocean downwind of dry continental areas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cassar, Nicolas -- Bender, Michael L -- Barnett, Bruce A -- Fan, Songmiao -- Moxim, Walter J -- Levy, Hiram 2nd -- Tilbrook, Bronte -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 24;317(5841):1067-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. ncassar@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717181" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Ecosystem ; Iron/*analysis ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen/analysis ; Phytoplankton/*growth & development ; Seasons ; *Seawater/chemistry ; *Wind
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2008-10-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dodge, Richard E -- Birkeland, Charles -- Hatziolos, Marea -- Kleypas, Joan -- Palumbi, Stephen R -- Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove -- van Woesik, Rob -- Ogden, John C -- Aronson, Richard B -- Causey, Billy D -- Staub, Francis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 10;322(5899):189-90. doi: 10.1126/science.322.5899.189b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18845729" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Pollution ; Fisheries/legislation & jurisprudence ; Public Policy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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