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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2009-05-22
    Description: Consistent with the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in down-regulating gene expression by reducing the translation and/or stability of target messenger RNAs, the levels of specific miRNAs are important for correct embryonic development and have been linked to several forms of cancer. However, the regulatory mechanisms by which primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) are processed first to precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) and then to mature miRNAs by the multiprotein Drosha and Dicer complexes, respectively, remain largely unknown. The KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP, also known as KHSRP) interacts with single-strand AU-rich-element-containing mRNAs and is a key mediator of mRNA decay. Here we show in mammalian cells that KSRP also serves as a component of both Drosha and Dicer complexes and regulates the biogenesis of a subset of miRNAs. KSRP binds with high affinity to the terminal loop of the target miRNA precursors and promotes their maturation. This mechanism is required for specific changes in target mRNA expression that affect specific biological programs, including proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. These findings reveal an unexpected mechanism that links KSRP to the machinery regulating maturation of a cohort of miRNAs that, in addition to its role in promoting mRNA decay, independently serves to integrate specific regulatory programs of protein expression.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2768332/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2768332/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trabucchi, Michele -- Briata, Paola -- Garcia-Mayoral, Mariaflor -- Haase, Astrid D -- Filipowicz, Witold -- Ramos, Andres -- Gherzi, Roberto -- Rosenfeld, Michael G -- 082088/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- DK018477/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK39949/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GFP04003/Telethon/Italy -- HL065445/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- MC_U117533887/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U117574558/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R37 DK039949/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK039949-26/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK039949-27/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- WT022088MA/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jun 18;459(7249):1010-4. doi: 10.1038/nature08025. Epub 2009 May 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Room 345, La Jolla, California 92093-0648, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19458619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/*biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; RNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Ribonuclease III/chemistry/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2009-05-15
    Description: Biomechanical forces are emerging as critical regulators of embryogenesis, particularly in the developing cardiovascular system. After initiation of the heartbeat in vertebrates, cells lining the ventral aspect of the dorsal aorta, the placental vessels, and the umbilical and vitelline arteries initiate expression of the transcription factor Runx1 (refs 3-5), a master regulator of haematopoiesis, and give rise to haematopoietic cells. It remains unknown whether the biomechanical forces imposed on the vascular wall at this developmental stage act as a determinant of haematopoietic potential. Here, using mouse embryonic stem cells differentiated in vitro, we show that fluid shear stress increases the expression of Runx1 in CD41(+)c-Kit(+) haematopoietic progenitor cells, concomitantly augmenting their haematopoietic colony-forming potential. Moreover, we find that shear stress increases haematopoietic colony-forming potential and expression of haematopoietic markers in the para-aortic splanchnopleura/aorta-gonads-mesonephros of mouse embryos and that abrogation of nitric oxide, a mediator of shear-stress-induced signalling, compromises haematopoietic potential in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these data reveal a critical role for biomechanical forces in haematopoietic development.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2782763/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2782763/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adamo, Luigi -- Naveiras, Olaia -- Wenzel, Pamela L -- McKinney-Freeman, Shannon -- Mack, Peter J -- Gracia-Sancho, Jorge -- Suchy-Dicey, Astrid -- Yoshimoto, Momoko -- Lensch, M William -- Yoder, Mervin C -- Garcia-Cardena, Guillermo -- Daley, George Q -- R01 AI080759/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI080759-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jun 25;459(7250):1131-5. doi: 10.1038/nature08073. Epub 2009 May 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19440194" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aorta/cytology/embryology ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors/pharmacology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Hematopoiesis/*physiology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/drug effects ; Mice ; Nitric Oxide/pharmacology ; Pregnancy ; *Stress, Mechanical
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2009-04-28
    Description: Dengue fever is the most frequent arthropod-borne viral disease of humans, with almost half of the world's population at risk of infection. The high prevalence, lack of an effective vaccine, and absence of specific treatment conspire to make dengue fever a global public health threat. Given their compact genomes, dengue viruses (DENV-1-4) and other flaviviruses probably require an extensive number of host factors; however, only a limited number of human, and an even smaller number of insect host factors, have been identified. Here we identify insect host factors required for DENV-2 propagation, by carrying out a genome-wide RNA interference screen in Drosophila melanogaster cells using a well-established 22,632 double-stranded RNA library. This screen identified 116 candidate dengue virus host factors (DVHFs). Although some were previously associated with flaviviruses (for example, V-ATPases and alpha-glucosidases), most of the DVHFs were newly implicated in dengue virus propagation. The dipteran DVHFs had 82 readily recognizable human homologues and, using a targeted short-interfering-RNA screen, we showed that 42 of these are human DVHFs. This indicates notable conservation of required factors between dipteran and human hosts. This work suggests new approaches to control infection in the insect vector and the mammalian host.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3462662/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3462662/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sessions, October M -- Barrows, Nicholas J -- Souza-Neto, Jayme A -- Robinson, Timothy J -- Hershey, Christine L -- Rodgers, Mary A -- Ramirez, Jose L -- Dimopoulos, George -- Yang, Priscilla L -- Pearson, James L -- Garcia-Blanco, Mariano A -- 1R01AI061576-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 1R01AI076442/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 1SA0RR024572-1/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- 5P30-CA14236/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5U54-AI057157-05S/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI076442/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI078997/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI078997-01A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI078997-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM067761/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI090188/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI090188-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 NS063845/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R21-AI64925/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007417/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057157/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057159/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 23;458(7241):1047-50. doi: 10.1038/nature07967.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19396146" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/genetics/virology ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Conserved Sequence/*genetics/physiology ; Dengue Virus/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/physiology/*virology ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Genome, Insect/genetics ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/*genetics ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/*genetics/*physiology ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Double-Stranded/genetics/metabolism ; Virus Replication
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2009-08-07
    Description: Long interspersed element 1 (LINE-1 or L1) retrotransposons have markedly affected the human genome. L1s must retrotranspose in the germ line or during early development to ensure their evolutionary success, yet the extent to which this process affects somatic cells is poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that engineered human L1s can retrotranspose in adult rat hippocampus progenitor cells in vitro and in the mouse brain in vivo. Here we demonstrate that neural progenitor cells isolated from human fetal brain and derived from human embryonic stem cells support the retrotransposition of engineered human L1s in vitro. Furthermore, we developed a quantitative multiplex polymerase chain reaction that detected an increase in the copy number of endogenous L1s in the hippocampus, and in several regions of adult human brains, when compared to the copy number of endogenous L1s in heart or liver genomic DNAs from the same donor. These data suggest that de novo L1 retrotransposition events may occur in the human brain and, in principle, have the potential to contribute to individual somatic mosaicism.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2909034/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2909034/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coufal, Nicole G -- Garcia-Perez, Jose L -- Peng, Grace E -- Yeo, Gene W -- Mu, Yangling -- Lovci, Michael T -- Morell, Maria -- O'Shea, K Sue -- Moran, John V -- Gage, Fred H -- GM069985/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM082970/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MH082070/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS048187/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P20 GM069985/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P20 GM069985-010001/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM060518/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM082970/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM082970-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 27;460(7259):1127-31. doi: 10.1038/nature08248. Epub 2009 Aug 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19657334" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5' Untranslated Regions/genetics ; Brain/cytology ; Cell Line ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; DNA Methylation ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Fetus/cytology ; Gene Dosage ; Humans ; Neurons/*cytology/*metabolism ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retroelements/*genetics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2008-10-31
    Description: The nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the vertebrate kidney. It is composed of a glomerulus, the site of ultrafiltration, and a renal tubule, along which the filtrate is modified. Although widely regarded as a vertebrate adaptation, 'nephron-like' features can be found in the excretory systems of many invertebrates, raising the possibility that components of the vertebrate excretory system were inherited from their invertebrate ancestors. Here we show that the insect nephrocyte has remarkable anatomical, molecular and functional similarity to the glomerular podocyte, a cell in the vertebrate kidney that forms the main size-selective barrier as blood is ultrafiltered to make urine. In particular, both cell types possess a specialized filtration diaphragm, known as the slit diaphragm in podocytes or the nephrocyte diaphragm in nephrocytes. We find that fly (Drosophila melanogaster) orthologues of the major constituents of the slit diaphragm, including nephrin, NEPH1 (also known as KIRREL), CD2AP, ZO-1 (TJP1) and podocin, are expressed in the nephrocyte and form a complex of interacting proteins that closely mirrors the vertebrate slit diaphragm complex. Furthermore, we find that the nephrocyte diaphragm is completely lost in flies lacking the orthologues of nephrin or NEPH1-a phenotype resembling loss of the slit diaphragm in the absence of either nephrin (as in human congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type, NPHS1) or NEPH1. These changes markedly impair filtration function in the nephrocyte. The similarities we describe between invertebrate nephrocytes and vertebrate podocytes provide evidence suggesting that the two cell types are evolutionarily related, and establish the nephrocyte as a simple model in which to study podocyte biology and podocyte-associated diseases.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2687078/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2687078/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weavers, Helen -- Prieto-Sanchez, Silvia -- Grawe, Ferdinand -- Garcia-Lopez, Amparo -- Artero, Ruben -- Wilsch-Brauninger, Michaela -- Ruiz-Gomez, Mar -- Skaer, Helen -- Denholm, Barry -- 072441/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 079221/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Arthritis Research UK/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 15;457(7227):322-6. doi: 10.1038/nature07526. Epub 2008 Oct 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18971929" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/anatomy & histology/*cytology/physiology ; Immunoglobulins/genetics/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Muscle Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Podocytes/*cytology/metabolism/*physiology
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2009-12-23
    Description: Influenza A virus is an RNA virus that encodes up to 11 proteins and this small coding capacity demands that the virus use the host cellular machinery for many aspects of its life cycle. Knowledge of these host cell requirements not only informs us of the molecular pathways exploited by the virus but also provides further targets that could be pursued for antiviral drug development. Here we use an integrative systems approach, based on genome-wide RNA interference screening, to identify 295 cellular cofactors required for early-stage influenza virus replication. Within this group, those involved in kinase-regulated signalling, ubiquitination and phosphatase activity are the most highly enriched, and 181 factors assemble into a highly significant host-pathogen interaction network. Moreover, 219 of the 295 factors were confirmed to be required for efficient wild-type influenza virus growth, and further analysis of a subset of genes showed 23 factors necessary for viral entry, including members of the vacuolar ATPase (vATPase) and COPI-protein families, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) proteins, and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)-beta. Furthermore, 10 proteins were confirmed to be involved in post-entry steps of influenza virus replication. These include nuclear import components, proteases, and the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) IIbeta (CAMK2B). Notably, growth of swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus is also dependent on the identified host factors, and we show that small molecule inhibitors of several factors, including vATPase and CAMK2B, antagonize influenza virus replication.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2862546/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2862546/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Konig, Renate -- Stertz, Silke -- Zhou, Yingyao -- Inoue, Atsushi -- Hoffmann, H-Heinrich -- Bhattacharyya, Suchita -- Alamares, Judith G -- Tscherne, Donna M -- Ortigoza, Mila B -- Liang, Yuhong -- Gao, Qinshan -- Andrews, Shane E -- Bandyopadhyay, Sourav -- De Jesus, Paul -- Tu, Buu P -- Pache, Lars -- Shih, Crystal -- Orth, Anthony -- Bonamy, Ghislain -- Miraglia, Loren -- Ideker, Trey -- Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo -- Young, John A T -- Palese, Peter -- Shaw, Megan L -- Chanda, Sumit K -- 1 P01 AI058113/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 1 S10 RR0 9145-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- 1 T32 AI07647/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 1F32AI081428/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 1R21AI083673/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 5R24 CA095823-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HHSN266200700010C/PHS HHS/ -- HHSN272200900032C/PHS HHS/ -- P01 AI058113/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI058113-010004/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI058113-020004/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI058113-030004/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI058113-040004/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI058113-050004/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007647/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007647-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007647-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007647-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007647-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007647-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007647-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007647-07/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007647-08/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007647-09/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007647-10/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007280/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI074539/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI074539-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI074539-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI074539-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI1074539/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057158/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057158-065713/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057159/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 11;463(7282):813-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08699.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20027183" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Factors/*genetics/*physiology ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Gene Library ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics/*physiology ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/classification/growth & development ; Influenza A virus/classification/*growth & development ; Influenza, Human/*genetics/*virology ; RNA Interference ; Vero Cells ; Virus Internalization ; Virus Replication/*physiology
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2009-06-06
    Description: To survive in hostile environments, organisms activate stress-responsive transcriptional regulators that coordinately increase production of protective factors. Hypoxia changes cellular metabolism and thus activates redox-sensitive as well as oxygen-dependent signal transducers. We demonstrate that Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), a redox-sensing deacetylase, selectively stimulates activity of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF-2alpha) during hypoxia. The effect of Sirt1 on HIF-2alpha required direct interaction of the proteins and intact deacetylase activity of Sirt1. Select lysine residues in HIF-2alpha that are acetylated during hypoxia confer repression of Sirt1 augmentation by small-molecule inhibitors. In cultured cells and mice, decreasing or increasing Sirt1 activity or levels affected expression of the HIF-2alpha target gene erythropoietin accordingly. Thus, Sirt1 promotes HIF-2 signaling during hypoxia and likely other environmental stresses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dioum, Elhadji M -- Chen, Rui -- Alexander, Matthew S -- Zhang, Quiyang -- Hogg, Richard T -- Gerard, Robert D -- Garcia, Joseph A -- I01 BX000446/BX/BLRD VA/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 5;324(5932):1289-93. doi: 10.1126/science.1169956.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Department of Medicine, 4500 South Lancaster Road, Dallas, TX 75216, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19498162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Cell Hypoxia ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Erythropoietin/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Kidney/metabolism ; Liver/embryology/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; *Signal Transduction ; Sirtuin 1 ; Sirtuins/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2005-04-12
    Description: Gammadelta T cell receptors (TCRs), alphabeta TCRs, and antibodies are the three lineages of somatically recombined antigen receptors. The structural basis for ligand recognition is well defined for alphabeta TCR and antibodies but is lacking for gammadelta TCRs. We present the 3.4 A structure of the murine gammadelta TCR G8 bound to its major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ib ligand, T22. G8 predominantly uses germline-encoded residues of its delta chain complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) loop to bind T22 in an orientation substantially different from that seen in alphabeta TCR/peptide-MHC. That junctionally encoded G8 residues play an ancillary role in binding suggests a fusion of innate and adaptive recognition strategies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adams, Erin J -- Chien, Yueh-Hsiu -- Garcia, K Christopher -- AI048540/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 8;308(5719):227-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Fairchild D319, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94035-5124, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15821084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*chemistry ; Humans ; Insects ; Mice ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Proteins/*chemistry/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/*chemistry/immunology ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2005-10-08
    Description: The pandemic influenza virus of 1918-1919 killed an estimated 20 to 50 million people worldwide. With the recent availability of the complete 1918 influenza virus coding sequence, we used reverse genetics to generate an influenza virus bearing all eight gene segments of the pandemic virus to study the properties associated with its extraordinary virulence. In stark contrast to contemporary human influenza H1N1 viruses, the 1918 pandemic virus had the ability to replicate in the absence of trypsin, caused death in mice and embryonated chicken eggs, and displayed a high-growth phenotype in human bronchial epithelial cells. Moreover, the coordinated expression of the 1918 virus genes most certainly confers the unique high-virulence phenotype observed with this pandemic virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tumpey, Terrence M -- Basler, Christopher F -- Aguilar, Patricia V -- Zeng, Hui -- Solorzano, Alicia -- Swayne, David E -- Cox, Nancy J -- Katz, Jacqueline M -- Taubenberger, Jeffery K -- Palese, Peter -- Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo -- P01 AI058113-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI62623/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI57158/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 7;310(5745):77-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Influenza Branch, Mailstop G-16, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases (DVRD), National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. tft9@cdc.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16210530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bronchi/virology ; Cell Line ; Chick Embryo/virology ; Female ; *Genes, Viral ; Genetic Techniques ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics/metabolism ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/*genetics/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/history/*virology ; Lung/pathology/virology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neuraminidase/genetics/metabolism ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/pathology/*virology ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Respiratory Mucosa/virology ; Trypsin/metabolism ; Viral Plaque Assay ; Virulence/genetics ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2007-02-03
    Description: The 1918 influenza pandemic was a catastrophic series of virus outbreaks that spread across the globe. Here, we show that only a modest change in the 1918 influenza hemagglutinin receptor binding site alters the transmissibility of this pandemic virus. Two amino acid mutations that cause a switch in receptor binding preference from the human alpha-2,6 to the avian alpha-2,3 sialic acid resulted in a virus incapable of respiratory droplet transmission between ferrets but that maintained its lethality and replication efficiency in the upper respiratory tract. Furthermore, poor transmission of a 1918 virus with dual alpha-2,6 and alpha-2,3 specificity suggests that a predominant human alpha-2,6 sialic acid binding preference is essential for optimal transmission of this pandemic virus. These findings confirm an essential role of hemagglutinin receptor specificity for the transmission of influenza viruses among mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tumpey, Terrence M -- Maines, Taronna R -- Van Hoeven, Neal -- Glaser, Laurel -- Solorzano, Alicia -- Pappas, Claudia -- Cox, Nancy J -- Swayne, David E -- Palese, Peter -- Katz, Jacqueline M -- Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo -- P01 AI058113/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI62623/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AIO57158/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 2;315(5812):655-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Influenza Branch, Mailstop G-16, Division of Viral and Ricksettial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. tft9@cdc.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272724" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dogs ; Ferrets ; Galactose/metabolism ; Glycoconjugates/metabolism ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/*genetics/pathogenicity/physiology ; Influenza, Human/pathology/*transmission/*virology ; Lung/pathology/virology ; Male ; *Mutation ; Nose/virology ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; Respiratory System/virology ; Sialic Acids/metabolism ; Virulence ; Virus Replication ; Virus Shedding
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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