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  • *Ecosystem  (32)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (32)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Springer
  • 2010-2014  (32)
  • 1980-1984
  • 2012  (32)
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Keywords
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  • 2010-2014  (32)
  • 1980-1984
Year
  • 1
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    Conservation. Challenges to the future conservation of the Antarctic (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chown, S L -- Lee, J E -- Hughes, K A -- Barnes, J -- Barrett, P J -- Bergstrom, D M -- Convey, P -- Cowan, D A -- Crosbie, K -- Dyer, G -- Frenot, Y -- Grant, S M -- Herr, D -- Kennicutt, M C 2nd -- Lamers, M -- Murray, A -- Possingham, H P -- Reid, K -- Riddle, M J -- Ryan, P G -- Sanson, L -- Shaw, J D -- Sparrow, M D -- Summerhayes, C -- Terauds, A -- Wall, D H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):158-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1222821.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa. steven.chown@monash.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22798586" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/trends ; *Ecosystem ; Forecasting ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Public Policy ; Travel
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Plant species richness and ecosystem multifunctionality in global drylands (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-17
    Description: Experiments suggest that biodiversity enhances the ability of ecosystems to maintain multiple functions, such as carbon storage, productivity, and the buildup of nutrient pools (multifunctionality). However, the relationship between biodiversity and multifunctionality has never been assessed globally in natural ecosystems. We report here on a global empirical study relating plant species richness and abiotic factors to multifunctionality in drylands, which collectively cover 41% of Earth's land surface and support over 38% of the human population. Multifunctionality was positively and significantly related to species richness. The best-fitting models accounted for over 55% of the variation in multifunctionality and always included species richness as a predictor variable. Our results suggest that the preservation of plant biodiversity is crucial to buffer negative effects of climate change and desertification in drylands.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3558739/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3558739/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maestre, Fernando T -- Quero, Jose L -- Gotelli, Nicholas J -- Escudero, Adrian -- Ochoa, Victoria -- Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel -- Garcia-Gomez, Miguel -- Bowker, Matthew A -- Soliveres, Santiago -- Escolar, Cristina -- Garcia-Palacios, Pablo -- Berdugo, Miguel -- Valencia, Enrique -- Gozalo, Beatriz -- Gallardo, Antonio -- Aguilera, Lorgio -- Arredondo, Tulio -- Blones, Julio -- Boeken, Bertrand -- Bran, Donaldo -- Conceicao, Abel A -- Cabrera, Omar -- Chaieb, Mohamed -- Derak, McHich -- Eldridge, David J -- Espinosa, Carlos I -- Florentino, Adriana -- Gaitan, Juan -- Gatica, M Gabriel -- Ghiloufi, Wahida -- Gomez-Gonzalez, Susana -- Gutierrez, Julio R -- Hernandez, Rosa M -- Huang, Xuewen -- Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth -- Jankju, Mohammad -- Miriti, Maria -- Monerris, Jorge -- Mau, Rebecca L -- Morici, Ernesto -- Naseri, Kamal -- Ospina, Abelardo -- Polo, Vicente -- Prina, Anibal -- Pucheta, Eduardo -- Ramirez-Collantes, David A -- Romao, Roberto -- Tighe, Matthew -- Torres-Diaz, Cristian -- Val, James -- Veiga, Jose P -- Wang, Deli -- Zaady, Eli -- 242658/European Research Council/International -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 13;335(6065):214-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1215442.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Area de Biodiversidad y Conservacion, Departamento de Biologia y Geologia, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnologia, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipan Sin Numero, 28933 Mostoles, Spain. fernando.maestre@urjc.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246775" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Climate ; Climate Change ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Geography ; Geological Phenomena ; Models, Statistical ; *Plants ; Regression Analysis ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Taking the "waste" out of "wastewater" for human water security and ecosystem sustainability (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-11
    Description: Humans create vast quantities of wastewater through inefficiencies and poor management of water systems. The wasting of water poses sustainability challenges, depletes energy reserves, and undermines human water security and ecosystem health. Here we review emerging approaches for reusing wastewater and minimizing its generation. These complementary options make the most of scarce freshwater resources, serve the varying water needs of both developed and developing countries, and confer a variety of environmental benefits. Their widespread adoption will require changing how freshwater is sourced, used, managed, and priced.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grant, Stanley B -- Saphores, Jean-Daniel -- Feldman, David L -- Hamilton, Andrew J -- Fletcher, Tim D -- Cook, Perran L M -- Stewardson, Michael -- Sanders, Brett F -- Levin, Lisa A -- Ambrose, Richard F -- Deletic, Ana -- Brown, Rebekah -- Jiang, Sunny C -- Rosso, Diego -- Cooper, William J -- Marusic, Ivan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 10;337(6095):681-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1216852.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, E4130 Engineering Gateway, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA. sbgrant@uci.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22879506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Drinking Water ; *Ecosystem ; *Fresh Water ; Humans ; *Recycling ; *Sewage ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; Water Pollution ; Water Purification ; Water Quality ; *Water Supply
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Conservation. Reconsidering the consequences of selective fisheries (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garcia, S M -- Kolding, J -- Rice, J -- Rochet, M-J -- Zhou, S -- Arimoto, T -- Beyer, J E -- Borges, L -- Bundy, A -- Dunn, D -- Fulton, E A -- Hall, M -- Heino, M -- Law, R -- Makino, M -- Rijnsdorp, A D -- Simard, F -- Smith, A D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 2;335(6072):1045-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1214594.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Commission on Ecosystem Management, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN-CEM), Fisheries Expert Group, Brussels, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383833" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Body Size ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Models, Biological ; Policy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Impacts of biodiversity loss escalate through time as redundancy fades (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-05
    Description: Plant diversity generally promotes biomass production, but how the shape of the response curve changes with time remains unclear. This is a critical knowledge gap because the shape of this relationship indicates the extent to which loss of the first few species will influence biomass production. Using two long-term (〉/=13 years) biodiversity experiments, we show that the effects of diversity on biomass productivity increased and became less saturating over time. Our analyses suggest that effects of diversity-dependent ecosystem feedbacks and interspecific complementarity accumulate over time, causing high-diversity species combinations that appeared functionally redundant during early years to become more functionally unique through time. Consequently, simplification of diverse ecosystems will likely have greater negative impacts on ecosystem functioning than has been suggested by short-term experiments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reich, Peter B -- Tilman, David -- Isbell, Forest -- Mueller, Kevin -- Hobbie, Sarah E -- Flynn, Dan F B -- Eisenhauer, Nico -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 4;336(6081):589-92. doi: 10.1126/science.1217909.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22556253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; Fabaceae/growth & development ; Minnesota ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen Cycle ; Plant Development ; *Plants ; *Poaceae/growth & development ; Soil/chemistry ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Substrate-controlled succession of marine bacterioplankton populations induced by a phytoplankton bloom (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-05
    Description: Phytoplankton blooms characterize temperate ocean margin zones in spring. We investigated the bacterioplankton response to a diatom bloom in the North Sea and observed a dynamic succession of populations at genus-level resolution. Taxonomically distinct expressions of carbohydrate-active enzymes (transporters; in particular, TonB-dependent transporters) and phosphate acquisition strategies were found, indicating that distinct populations of Bacteroidetes, Gammaproteobacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria are specialized for successive decomposition of algal-derived organic matter. Our results suggest that algal substrate availability provided a series of ecological niches in which specialized populations could bloom. This reveals how planktonic species, despite their seemingly homogeneous habitat, can evade extinction by direct competition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teeling, Hanno -- Fuchs, Bernhard M -- Becher, Dorte -- Klockow, Christine -- Gardebrecht, Antje -- Bennke, Christin M -- Kassabgy, Mariette -- Huang, Sixing -- Mann, Alexander J -- Waldmann, Jost -- Weber, Marc -- Klindworth, Anna -- Otto, Andreas -- Lange, Jana -- Bernhardt, Jorg -- Reinsch, Christine -- Hecker, Michael -- Peplies, Jorg -- Bockelmann, Frank D -- Callies, Ulrich -- Gerdts, Gunnar -- Wichels, Antje -- Wiltshire, Karen H -- Glockner, Frank Oliver -- Schweder, Thomas -- Amann, Rudolf -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 4;336(6081):608-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1218344.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22556258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alphaproteobacteria/enzymology/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Bacteroidetes/enzymology/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Diatoms/*growth & development/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; *Eutrophication ; Gammaproteobacteria/enzymology/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Glycoside Hydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Metagenome ; Microbial Interactions ; North Sea ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Phytoplankton/*growth & development/metabolism ; Seawater/*microbiology ; Sulfatases/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    The geological record of ocean acidification (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-03
    Description: Ocean acidification may have severe consequences for marine ecosystems; however, assessing its future impact is difficult because laboratory experiments and field observations are limited by their reduced ecologic complexity and sample period, respectively. In contrast, the geological record contains long-term evidence for a variety of global environmental perturbations, including ocean acidification plus their associated biotic responses. We review events exhibiting evidence for elevated atmospheric CO(2), global warming, and ocean acidification over the past ~300 million years of Earth's history, some with contemporaneous extinction or evolutionary turnover among marine calcifiers. Although similarities exist, no past event perfectly parallels future projections in terms of disrupting the balance of ocean carbonate chemistry-a consequence of the unprecedented rapidity of CO(2) release currently taking place.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Honisch, Barbel -- Ridgwell, Andy -- Schmidt, Daniela N -- Thomas, Ellen -- Gibbs, Samantha J -- Sluijs, Appy -- Zeebe, Richard -- Kump, Lee -- Martindale, Rowan C -- Greene, Sarah E -- Kiessling, Wolfgang -- Ries, Justin -- Zachos, James C -- Royer, Dana L -- Barker, Stephen -- Marchitto, Thomas M Jr -- Moyer, Ryan -- Pelejero, Carles -- Ziveri, Patrizia -- Foster, Gavin L -- Williams, Branwen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 2;335(6072):1058-63. doi: 10.1126/science.1208277.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms ; Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide ; Carbonates/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Forecasting ; Fossils ; *Geological Phenomena ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Oceans. Avoiding empty ocean commitments at Rio+20 (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Veitch, Liane -- Dulvy, Nicholas K -- Koldewey, Heather -- Lieberman, Susan -- Pauly, Daniel -- Roberts, Callum M -- Rogers, Alex D -- Baillie, Jonathan E M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 15;336(6087):1383-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1223009.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, UK. liane.veitch@zsl.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22700905" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; Fishes ; *International Cooperation ; Oceans and Seas ; Public Policy ; *Seawater ; United Nations
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Conspecific negative density dependence and forest diversity (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-19
    Description: Conspecific negative density-dependent establishment, in which local abundance negatively affects establishment of conspecific seedlings through host-specific enemies, can influence species diversity of plant communities, but the generality of this process is not well understood. We tested the strength of density dependence using the United States Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis database containing 151 species from more than 200,000 forest plots spanning 4,000,000 square kilometers. We found that most species experienced conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD), but there was little effect of heterospecific density. Additionally, abundant species exhibited weaker CNDD than rarer species, and species-rich regions exhibited stronger CNDD than species-poor regions. Collectively, our results provide evidence that CNDD is a pervasive mechanism driving diversity across a gradient from boreal to subtropical forests.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, Daniel J -- Beaulieu, Wesley T -- Bever, James D -- Clay, Keith -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 18;336(6083):904-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1220269.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. dj4@indiana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22605774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; Seedlings/growth & development ; Species Specificity ; *Trees/growth & development ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Comment on "Climatic niche shifts are rare among terrestrial plant invaders" (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-16
    Description: Petitpierre et al. (Reports, 16 March 2012, p. 1344) conclude that niche shifts are rare for terrestrial plant invaders and that this justifies the use of correlative modeling to project species geographic ranges for biological invasions and climate change. We draw attention to the limitations of their conceptual assumptions and the importance of niche shifts excluded from their analyses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Webber, Bruce L -- Le Maitre, David C -- Kriticos, Darren J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Oct 12;338(6104):193; author reply 193. doi: 10.1126/science.1225980.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Ecosystem Sciences and Climate Adaptation Flagship, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia. bruce.webber@csiro.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23066061" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/*growth & development ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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