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  • 1
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    Somatic mutations affect key pathways in lung adenocarcinoma (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-25
    Description: Determining the genetic basis of cancer requires comprehensive analyses of large collections of histopathologically well-classified primary tumours. Here we report the results of a collaborative study to discover somatic mutations in 188 human lung adenocarcinomas. DNA sequencing of 623 genes with known or potential relationships to cancer revealed more than 1,000 somatic mutations across the samples. Our analysis identified 26 genes that are mutated at significantly high frequencies and thus are probably involved in carcinogenesis. The frequently mutated genes include tyrosine kinases, among them the EGFR homologue ERBB4; multiple ephrin receptor genes, notably EPHA3; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor KDR; and NTRK genes. These data provide evidence of somatic mutations in primary lung adenocarcinoma for several tumour suppressor genes involved in other cancers--including NF1, APC, RB1 and ATM--and for sequence changes in PTPRD as well as the frequently deleted gene LRP1B. The observed mutational profiles correlate with clinical features, smoking status and DNA repair defects. These results are reinforced by data integration including single nucleotide polymorphism array and gene expression array. Our findings shed further light on several important signalling pathways involved in lung adenocarcinoma, and suggest new molecular targets for treatment.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2694412/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2694412/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ding, Li -- Getz, Gad -- Wheeler, David A -- Mardis, Elaine R -- McLellan, Michael D -- Cibulskis, Kristian -- Sougnez, Carrie -- Greulich, Heidi -- Muzny, Donna M -- Morgan, Margaret B -- Fulton, Lucinda -- Fulton, Robert S -- Zhang, Qunyuan -- Wendl, Michael C -- Lawrence, Michael S -- Larson, David E -- Chen, Ken -- Dooling, David J -- Sabo, Aniko -- Hawes, Alicia C -- Shen, Hua -- Jhangiani, Shalini N -- Lewis, Lora R -- Hall, Otis -- Zhu, Yiming -- Mathew, Tittu -- Ren, Yanru -- Yao, Jiqiang -- Scherer, Steven E -- Clerc, Kerstin -- Metcalf, Ginger A -- Ng, Brian -- Milosavljevic, Aleksandar -- Gonzalez-Garay, Manuel L -- Osborne, John R -- Meyer, Rick -- Shi, Xiaoqi -- Tang, Yuzhu -- Koboldt, Daniel C -- Lin, Ling -- Abbott, Rachel -- Miner, Tracie L -- Pohl, Craig -- Fewell, Ginger -- Haipek, Carrie -- Schmidt, Heather -- Dunford-Shore, Brian H -- Kraja, Aldi -- Crosby, Seth D -- Sawyer, Christopher S -- Vickery, Tammi -- Sander, Sacha -- Robinson, Jody -- Winckler, Wendy -- Baldwin, Jennifer -- Chirieac, Lucian R -- Dutt, Amit -- Fennell, Tim -- Hanna, Megan -- Johnson, Bruce E -- Onofrio, Robert C -- Thomas, Roman K -- Tonon, Giovanni -- Weir, Barbara A -- Zhao, Xiaojun -- Ziaugra, Liuda -- Zody, Michael C -- Giordano, Thomas -- Orringer, Mark B -- Roth, Jack A -- Spitz, Margaret R -- Wistuba, Ignacio I -- Ozenberger, Bradley -- Good, Peter J -- Chang, Andrew C -- Beer, David G -- Watson, Mark A -- Ladanyi, Marc -- Broderick, Stephen -- Yoshizawa, Akihiko -- Travis, William D -- Pao, William -- Province, Michael A -- Weinstock, George M -- Varmus, Harold E -- Gabriel, Stacey B -- Lander, Eric S -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Meyerson, Matthew -- Wilson, Richard K -- P50 CA070907/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA154365/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U19 CA084953/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U19 CA084953-050003/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067-04/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 23;455(7216):1069-75. doi: 10.1038/nature07423.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Genome Center at Washington University, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18948947" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/*genetics ; Male ; Mutation/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogenes/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Genome analysis of the platypus reveals unique signatures of evolution (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-10
    Description: We present a draft genome sequence of the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus. This monotreme exhibits a fascinating combination of reptilian and mammalian characters. For example, platypuses have a coat of fur adapted to an aquatic lifestyle; platypus females lactate, yet lay eggs; and males are equipped with venom similar to that of reptiles. Analysis of the first monotreme genome aligned these features with genetic innovations. We find that reptile and platypus venom proteins have been co-opted independently from the same gene families; milk protein genes are conserved despite platypuses laying eggs; and immune gene family expansions are directly related to platypus biology. Expansions of protein, non-protein-coding RNA and microRNA families, as well as repeat elements, are identified. Sequencing of this genome now provides a valuable resource for deep mammalian comparative analyses, as well as for monotreme biology and conservation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2803040/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2803040/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Warren, Wesley C -- Hillier, LaDeana W -- Marshall Graves, Jennifer A -- Birney, Ewan -- Ponting, Chris P -- Grutzner, Frank -- Belov, Katherine -- Miller, Webb -- Clarke, Laura -- Chinwalla, Asif T -- Yang, Shiaw-Pyng -- Heger, Andreas -- Locke, Devin P -- Miethke, Pat -- Waters, Paul D -- Veyrunes, Frederic -- Fulton, Lucinda -- Fulton, Bob -- Graves, Tina -- Wallis, John -- Puente, Xose S -- Lopez-Otin, Carlos -- Ordonez, Gonzalo R -- Eichler, Evan E -- Chen, Lin -- Cheng, Ze -- Deakin, Janine E -- Alsop, Amber -- Thompson, Katherine -- Kirby, Patrick -- Papenfuss, Anthony T -- Wakefield, Matthew J -- Olender, Tsviya -- Lancet, Doron -- Huttley, Gavin A -- Smit, Arian F A -- Pask, Andrew -- Temple-Smith, Peter -- Batzer, Mark A -- Walker, Jerilyn A -- Konkel, Miriam K -- Harris, Robert S -- Whittington, Camilla M -- Wong, Emily S W -- Gemmell, Neil J -- Buschiazzo, Emmanuel -- Vargas Jentzsch, Iris M -- Merkel, Angelika -- Schmitz, Juergen -- Zemann, Anja -- Churakov, Gennady -- Kriegs, Jan Ole -- Brosius, Juergen -- Murchison, Elizabeth P -- Sachidanandam, Ravi -- Smith, Carly -- Hannon, Gregory J -- Tsend-Ayush, Enkhjargal -- McMillan, Daniel -- Attenborough, Rosalind -- Rens, Willem -- Ferguson-Smith, Malcolm -- Lefevre, Christophe M -- Sharp, Julie A -- Nicholas, Kevin R -- Ray, David A -- Kube, Michael -- Reinhardt, Richard -- Pringle, Thomas H -- Taylor, James -- Jones, Russell C -- Nixon, Brett -- Dacheux, Jean-Louis -- Niwa, Hitoshi -- Sekita, Yoko -- Huang, Xiaoqiu -- Stark, Alexander -- Kheradpour, Pouya -- Kellis, Manolis -- Flicek, Paul -- Chen, Yuan -- Webber, Caleb -- Hardison, Ross -- Nelson, Joanne -- Hallsworth-Pepin, Kym -- Delehaunty, Kim -- Markovic, Chris -- Minx, Pat -- Feng, Yucheng -- Kremitzki, Colin -- Mitreva, Makedonka -- Glasscock, Jarret -- Wylie, Todd -- Wohldmann, Patricia -- Thiru, Prathapan -- Nhan, Michael N -- Pohl, Craig S -- Smith, Scott M -- Hou, Shunfeng -- Nefedov, Mikhail -- de Jong, Pieter J -- Renfree, Marilyn B -- Mardis, Elaine R -- Wilson, Richard K -- 062023/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- HG002238/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- MC_U137761446/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- P01 CA013106/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA013106-37/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM59290/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002939/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01HG02385/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 8;453(7192):175-83. doi: 10.1038/nature06936.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8501, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA. wwarren@wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18464734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Composition ; Dentition ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genome/*genetics ; Genomic Imprinting/genetics ; Humans ; Immunity/genetics ; Male ; Mammals/genetics ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Milk Proteins/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Platypus/*genetics/immunology/physiology ; Receptors, Odorant/genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics ; Reptiles/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Spermatozoa/metabolism ; Venoms/genetics ; Zona Pellucida/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    An integrated genomic analysis of human glioblastoma multiforme (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-09-06
    Description: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal type of brain cancer. To identify the genetic alterations in GBMs, we sequenced 20,661 protein coding genes, determined the presence of amplifications and deletions using high-density oligonucleotide arrays, and performed gene expression analyses using next-generation sequencing technologies in 22 human tumor samples. This comprehensive analysis led to the discovery of a variety of genes that were not known to be altered in GBMs. Most notably, we found recurrent mutations in the active site of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) in 12% of GBM patients. Mutations in IDH1 occurred in a large fraction of young patients and in most patients with secondary GBMs and were associated with an increase in overall survival. These studies demonstrate the value of unbiased genomic analyses in the characterization of human brain cancer and identify a potentially useful genetic alteration for the classification and targeted therapy of GBMs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2820389/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2820389/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parsons, D Williams -- Jones, Sian -- Zhang, Xiaosong -- Lin, Jimmy Cheng-Ho -- Leary, Rebecca J -- Angenendt, Philipp -- Mankoo, Parminder -- Carter, Hannah -- Siu, I-Mei -- Gallia, Gary L -- Olivi, Alessandro -- McLendon, Roger -- Rasheed, B Ahmed -- Keir, Stephen -- Nikolskaya, Tatiana -- Nikolsky, Yuri -- Busam, Dana A -- Tekleab, Hanna -- Diaz, Luis A Jr -- Hartigan, James -- Smith, Doug R -- Strausberg, Robert L -- Marie, Suely Kazue Nagahashi -- Shinjo, Sueli Mieko Oba -- Yan, Hai -- Riggins, Gregory J -- Bigner, Darell D -- Karchin, Rachel -- Papadopoulos, Nick -- Parmigiani, Giovanni -- Vogelstein, Bert -- Velculescu, Victor E -- Kinzler, Kenneth W -- 5P50-NS-20023/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- CA09547/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA108786/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA11898/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA121113/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA43460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA57345/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA62924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS052507/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA062924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA062924-160017/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA121113/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA121113-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA140316/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA043460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA043460-27/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA057345/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA057345-13/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA057345-17/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA057345-18/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 26;321(5897):1807-12. doi: 10.1126/science.1164382. Epub 2008 Sep 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18772396" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain Neoplasms/*genetics/mortality ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genome, Human ; Glioblastoma/*genetics/mortality ; Humans ; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/chemistry/*genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Signal Transduction ; Survival Rate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Whither or wither microbicides? (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-07-26
    Description: After disappointing results from all efficacy trials conducted to date, the field of microbicides research now faces substantial challenges. Poor coordination among interested parties and the choice of nonvalidated scientific targets for phase III studies have hampered progress and created mistrust about the use of microbicides as a method to prevent HIV-1 sexual transmission. Although new promising strategies are available, there will need to be serious reappraisals of how decisions are made to advance the next generations of candidates into clinical trials, and the use of appropriate animal models in this process will be critical.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2835691/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2835691/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grant, Robert M -- Hamer, Dean -- Hope, Thomas -- Johnston, Rowena -- Lange, Joep -- Lederman, Michael M -- Lieberman, Judy -- Miller, Christopher J -- Moore, John P -- Mosier, Donald E -- Richman, Douglas D -- Schooley, Robert T -- Springer, Marty S -- Veazey, Ronald S -- Wainberg, Mark A -- U19 AI076981/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI076981-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 25;321(5888):532-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1160355.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉J. David Gladstone Institutes, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94518, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18653884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Intravaginal ; Animals ; Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local/*administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic ; use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/*prevention & control/transmission ; HIV-1/*drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Patient Compliance ; Polymers/*administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Primates ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/*administration & ; dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Vaginal Diseases/drug therapy/*prevention & control
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Disruption of the CFTR gene produces a model of cystic fibrosis in newborn pigs (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-09-27
    Description: Almost two decades after CFTR was identified as the gene responsible for cystic fibrosis (CF), we still lack answers to many questions about the pathogenesis of the disease, and it remains incurable. Mice with a disrupted CFTR gene have greatly facilitated CF studies, but the mutant mice do not develop the characteristic manifestations of human CF, including abnormalities of the pancreas, lung, intestine, liver, and other organs. Because pigs share many anatomical and physiological features with humans, we generated pigs with a targeted disruption of both CFTR alleles. Newborn pigs lacking CFTR exhibited defective chloride transport and developed meconium ileus, exocrine pancreatic destruction, and focal biliary cirrhosis, replicating abnormalities seen in newborn humans with CF. The pig model may provide opportunities to address persistent questions about CF pathogenesis and accelerate discovery of strategies for prevention and treatment.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2570747/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2570747/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rogers, Christopher S -- Stoltz, David A -- Meyerholz, David K -- Ostedgaard, Lynda S -- Rokhlina, Tatiana -- Taft, Peter J -- Rogan, Mark P -- Pezzulo, Alejandro A -- Karp, Philip H -- Itani, Omar A -- Kabel, Amanda C -- Wohlford-Lenane, Christine L -- Davis, Greg J -- Hanfland, Robert A -- Smith, Tony L -- Samuel, Melissa -- Wax, David -- Murphy, Clifton N -- Rieke, August -- Whitworth, Kristin -- Uc, Aliye -- Starner, Timothy D -- Brogden, Kim A -- Shilyansky, Joel -- McCray, Paul B Jr -- Zabner, Joseph -- Prather, Randall S -- Welsh, Michael J -- AI076671/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK54759/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL07638/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL51670/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K08 AI076671/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- K08 AI076671-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL051670/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL051670-15/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK054759/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK054759-10/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK054759-109004/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK051315/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 HL007638/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32 HL007638-23/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 26;321(5897):1837-41. doi: 10.1126/science.1163600.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18818360" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Chlorides/metabolism ; *Cystic Fibrosis/genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/*genetics/metabolism ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Gallbladder/pathology ; Ileus/pathology/physiopathology ; Intestines/pathology ; Ion Transport ; Liver/pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/pathology ; Lung/pathology ; Male ; Pancreas, Exocrine/pathology ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Swine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonism as a possible therapy for alcoholism (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-16
    Description: Alcohol dependence is a major public health challenge in need of new treatments. As alcoholism evolves, stress systems in the brain play an increasing role in motivating continued alcohol use and relapse. We investigated the role of the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), a mediator of behavioral stress responses, in alcohol dependence and treatment. In preclinical studies, mice genetically deficient in NK1R showed a marked decrease in voluntary alcohol consumption and had an increased sensitivity to the sedative effects of alcohol. In a randomized controlled experimental study, we treated recently detoxified alcoholic inpatients with an NK1R antagonist (LY686017; n = 25) or placebo (n = 25). LY686017 suppressed spontaneous alcohol cravings, improved overall well-being, blunted cravings induced by a challenge procedure, and attenuated concomitant cortisol responses. Brain functional magnetic resonance imaging responses to affective stimuli likewise suggested beneficial LY686017 effects. Thus, as assessed by these surrogate markers of efficacy, NK1R antagonism warrants further investigation as a treatment in alcoholism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉George, David T -- Gilman, Jodi -- Hersh, Jacqueline -- Thorsell, Annika -- Herion, David -- Geyer, Christopher -- Peng, Xiaomei -- Kielbasa, William -- Rawlings, Robert -- Brandt, John E -- Gehlert, Donald R -- Tauscher, Johannes T -- Hunt, Stephen P -- Hommer, Daniel -- Heilig, Markus -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 14;319(5869):1536-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1153813. Epub 2008 Feb 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18276852" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; *Alcohol Drinking/drug therapy ; Alcoholism/*drug therapy ; Animals ; Behavior, Addictive/drug therapy ; Brain/drug effects/physiology ; Emotions/drug effects ; Ethanol/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/blood ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Middle Aged ; *Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ; Pyridines/administration & dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Receptors, Neurokinin-1/deficiency/genetics/*physiology ; Triazoles/administration & dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Proteomic analysis of active multiple sclerosis lesions reveals therapeutic targets (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-19
    Description: Understanding the neuropathology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is essential for improved therapies. Therefore, identification of targets specific to pathological types of MS may have therapeutic benefits. Here we identify, by laser-capture microdissection and proteomics, proteins unique to three major types of MS lesions: acute plaque, chronic active plaque and chronic plaque. Comparative proteomic profiles identified tissue factor and protein C inhibitor within chronic active plaque samples, suggesting dysregulation of molecules associated with coagulation. In vivo administration of hirudin or recombinant activated protein C reduced disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and suppressed Th1 and Th17 cytokines in astrocytes and immune cells. Administration of mutant forms of recombinant activated protein C showed that both its anticoagulant and its signalling functions were essential for optimal amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. A proteomic approach illuminated potential therapeutic targets selective for specific pathological stages of MS and implicated participation of the coagulation cascade.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Han, May H -- Hwang, Sun-Il -- Roy, Dolly B -- Lundgren, Deborah H -- Price, Jordan V -- Ousman, Shalina S -- Fernald, Guy Haskin -- Gerlitz, Bruce -- Robinson, William H -- Baranzini, Sergio E -- Grinnell, Brian W -- Raine, Cedric S -- Sobel, Raymond A -- Han, David K -- Steinman, Lawrence -- T32 AI007290/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 28;451(7182):1076-81. doi: 10.1038/nature06559. Epub 2008 Feb 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18278032" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Blood Coagulation ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Female ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Inflammation/metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Sclerosis/classification/drug therapy/*metabolism/*pathology ; Protein C/genetics/metabolism/pharmacology ; *Proteomics ; Th1 Cells/immunology ; Th2 Cells/immunology ; Thrombin/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
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    Modulation of gene expression via disruption of NF-kappaB signaling by a bacterial small molecule (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-06-21
    Description: The control of innate immune responses through activation of the nuclear transcription factor NF-kappaB is essential for the elimination of invading microbial pathogens. We showed that the bacterial N-(3-oxo-dodecanoyl) homoserine lactone (C12) selectively impairs the regulation of NF-kappaB functions in activated mammalian cells. The consequence is specific repression of stimulus-mediated induction of NF-kappaB-responsive genes encoding inflammatory cytokines and other immune regulators. These findings uncover a strategy by which C12-producing opportunistic pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, attenuate the innate immune system to establish and maintain local persistent infection in humans, for example, in cystic fibrosis patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kravchenko, Vladimir V -- Kaufmann, Gunnar F -- Mathison, John C -- Scott, David A -- Katz, Alexander Z -- Grauer, David C -- Lehmann, Mandy -- Meijler, Michael M -- Janda, Kim D -- Ulevitch, Richard J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 11;321(5886):259-63. doi: 10.1126/science.1156499. Epub 2008 Jun 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18566250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 4-Butyrolactone/*analogs & derivatives/physiology ; Adult ; Animals ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism ; Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Homoserine/*analogs & derivatives/physiology ; Humans ; I-kappa B Kinase/metabolism ; I-kappa B Proteins/metabolism ; Immunity, Innate ; Interferon-gamma/immunology ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology ; Macrophage Activation ; Macrophages/*immunology/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Middle Aged ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Pseudomonas Infections/immunology/microbiology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/immunology/*pathogenicity/physiology ; *Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism ; Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Public health. Reassessing HIV prevention (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3501984/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3501984/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Potts, Malcolm -- Halperin, Daniel T -- Kirby, Douglas -- Swidler, Ann -- Marseille, Elliot -- Klausner, Jeffrey D -- Hearst, Norman -- Wamai, Richard G -- Kahn, James G -- Walsh, Julia -- R01 DA015612/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA015612-08/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 9;320(5877):749-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1153843.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18467575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Africa/epidemiology ; Circumcision, Male ; Condoms/utilization ; Disease Outbreaks/*prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Public Health ; Sexual Abstinence ; Sexual Partners ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    The changing face of HIV in China (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-04
    Description: HIV has advanced from high-risk groups such as intravenous drug users to some in the general population, according to comprehensive new data from the south of China. What needs to be done to halt its spread?〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lu, Lin -- Jia, Manhong -- Ma, Yanling -- Yang, Li -- Chen, Zhiwei -- Ho, David D -- Jiang, Yan -- Zhang, Linqi -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 2;455(7213):609-11. doi: 10.1038/455609a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18833270" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; China/epidemiology ; Ethnic Groups/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission/virology ; HIV-1/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; Prostitution/statistics & numerical data ; Sentinel Surveillance ; Sex Ratio ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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