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  • pharmacokinetics  (19)
  • NDE  (8)
  • Lepidoptera  (4)
  • Scolytidae
  • Springer  (35)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Elsevier
  • 1980-1984  (35)
  • 1981  (35)
Collection
Keywords
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  • Springer  (35)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Elsevier
Years
  • 1980-1984  (35)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical pharmacokinetics of chlordiazepoxide in patients with alcoholic hepatitis (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 19 (1981), S. 279-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: chlordiazepoxide ; alcoholic liver disease ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The clearance of chlordiazepoxide from the systemic circulation was studied in 20 subjects which included 15 patients with alcoholic hepatitis and 5 normal volunteers. The half-life for the appearance of the drug in the systemic circulation was found to increase exponentially with age (r=0.73, P〈0.0005) and was independent of the presence of alcoholic hepatitis. The metabolic clearance of chlordiazepoxide was significantly lower in the patients than in the normal subjects (7.6 compared to 13.8 ml/kg-h, P〈0.005). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between clearance and albumin (r=0.77, P〈0.00005). However, the predictive value of this relationship was shown to be minimal. Multiple regression analysis produced only a slight improvement in the correlation when both albumin and lactate dehydrogenase were used as variables (r=0.83, P〈0.00005). In six of the patients, a second clearance study was conducted three weeks following their initial one. All repeat subjects showed improvement both clinically and as reflected by their laboratory tests for liver injury, but there was not a significant change in their clearance of chlordiazepoxide. Multiple regression analysis of the clearance data on the initial and repeat subjects showed a significant correlation between clearance and the variables age, albumin, and lactate dehydrogenase (r=0.91, P〈0.0025). This relationship suggests that over a short period of time (where age can be considered constant) changes in albumin and lactate dehydrogenase could be potentially useful in predicting clearance changes in a single individual.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562805
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecdysteroids during pupal development of female Xyleborus ferrugineus (1981)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 30 (1981), S. 151-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Xyleborus ferrugineus ; pupae ; ecdysteroids ; pharate adult ; radioimmunoassay ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Ecdysteroidtiter weiblicher Puppen von Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabr.) wurde geschätzt, indem ganze Tiere homogenisiert und radioimmunologisch untersucht wurden. Ein ausgeprägtes Maximum an Ecdysteroiden wurde bei 36 Stunden Puppenent-wicklung beobachtet (743 pg/mg Körpergewicht). Der Titer nahm ab auf 299 pg/mg im Pharatstadium und auf 193 pg/mg unmittelbar vor Schlüpfen der Adulten. Qualitative Studien mit HPLC ergaben in frischen Puppen ein Verhältnis von 3:1 Ecdyson zu 20-Hydrooxyecdyson. Pharatstadien enthielten vor allem 20-Hydrooxyecdyson. Das beobachtete einzige Maximum im Titer stimmt überein mit den Resultaten bei andern untersuchten Coleopteren.
    Notes: Abstract Ecdysteroid titers were estimated on the whole body homogenates of Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabr.) female pupae during development by radioimmunoassay. A distinct peak of ecdysteroids was observed at 36-hr pupal development (743 pg/mg body wt). Titer declined to 299 pg/mg by the pharate adult stage and to 193 pg/mg body wt just before adult emergence. Qualitative studies by HPLC revealed a ratio of 3:1 ecdysone to 20-hydroxyecdysone in the initial pupal stage. Pharate adults had mainly 20-hydroxyecdysone. The observed single peak in ecdysteroid titer agrees with findings in other studied coleopteran species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300880
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repellency of pheromones released by females of Heliothis armigera and H. zea to females of both species (1981)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 30 (1981), S. 123-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Sex Pheromones ; Repellent ; Heliothis armigera ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; cotton bollworm ; corn earworm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'examen en olfactomètre a porté sur les réactions face à d'autres femelles de la même espèce, de femelles vierges ou ayant copulé d'Heliothis armigera Hübner et H. zea Boddie. Le lot comprenait 8 femelles, vierges ou ayant copulé en présence d'une femelle vierge ou ayant copulé. Les 4 combinaisons possibles de femelles vierges et de femelles ayant copulé ont été examinées avec 12 répétitions pour chaque espèce. Un extrait de l'extrémité de l'abdomen de femelles vierges d'une espèce a été présenté aux femelles de l'autre espèce pour examiner les possibilités de réactions interspécifiques aux phéromones. Pour chaque espèce, les réactions interspécifiques de répulsion entre femelles ont été hautement significatives par rapport aux témoins, à l'exception toutefois des réactions de femelle ayant copulé face à des femelles ayant elles aussi copulé. Les répulsions moyennes chez H. armigera et H. zea pour les 8 femelles de chaque expérience ont été: a) vierges en présence d'une vierge: 7,33 et 7,66; b) vierges en présence d'une femelles ayant copulé: 5,76 et 5,58; c) femelles ayant copulé en présence d'une vierge: 4,67 et 4,83. Les différences sont hautement significatives entre chaque paire de moyennes et entre chaque paire et le lot témoin; 3,17; 3,17; 3,42; 4,00 pour H. armigera; 3,17; 3,50; 2,83 et 3,75 pour H. zea. Les femelles vierges des deux espèces, H. armigera et H. zea ont présenté une réaction de répulsion en présence d'un extrait de l'abdomen de l'autre espèce; les répulsions moyennes étant respectivement 5,53 et 5,33 contre 3,83 et 3,58 pour le lot trémoin. On peut en conclure que ces répulsions doivent entraîner une tendance à la répartition uniforme.
    Notes: Abstract An olfactometer was used to determine the effect of pheromones released by females of the bollworms Heliothis armigera (Hübner) and H. zea (Boddie) on females of the same species. Four combinations of virgin and mated females were tested for repellency of one to the other. Evidence is presented that females of the two bollworms were repelled by females of the same species. In addition, extracts of virgin female abdomens of each species repelled virgin females of the other species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300876
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral tolmesoxide (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 19 (1981), S. 119-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: tolmesoxide ; metabolite ; volunteers ; pharmacokinetics ; intravenous ; oral ; protein binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A high pressure liquid chromatographic assay was developed for simultaneous measurement of the plasma levels of tolmesoxide and its principal metabolite, RX71112. The assay was used to study the disposition of intravenous and oral tolmesoxide in ten normotensive subjects. Two exponential terms were required to describe the disposition of the drug following intravenous administration, whilst a single exponential term sufficied to account for the decay in the plasma concentration after oral administration. The bioavailability of oral tolmesoxide from capsules averaged 84.5% and was independent of dose. The mean half-life after i. v. dosing was 2.6 h (±0.3 SEM) compared to values of 1.9 h (±0.1 SEM) and 2.7 h (±0.5 SEM) following 200 and 400 mg oral doses respectively. In all subjects RX71112 appeared in plasma shortly after tolmesoxide following both routes of administration. The terminal half-life of the metabolite was significantly longer than tolmesoxide with a mean value of 4.9 h (±0.9 SEM) following the 200 mg oral dose of tolmesoxide. The binding of tolmesoxide and RX71112 at therapeutic plasma concentration was 36.8% (±0.5 SEM) and 58.5% (±0.3 SEM) and this remained unchanged at higher concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00568398
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of fazadinium in renal failure (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 20 (1981), S. 293-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: neuromuscular relaxants ; fazadinium ; pharmacokinetics ; renal failure ; neuromuscular transmission
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetic behaviour and neuromuscular blockade produced by the administration of fazadinium bromide at a dose of 1 mg/kg have been studied in seven patients with end-stage renal failure. No significant differences were found in the pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic properties when compared with patients with normal renal function. It is suggested that fazadinium may be superior to either d-tubocurarine or pancuronium in providing muscle relaxation for patients with renal failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00618780
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parasitic voltages induced by artificial flaws when measured using the ac field technique (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 2 (1981), S. 195-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: ac potential difference ; fatigue crack measurement ; slots ; artificial flaws ; parasitic voltages ; NDE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The development of a successful and accurate instrument for measuring surface-breaking cracks in metals using the ac field technique has raised several interesting theoretical problems. Measurements with the instrument, known as the Crack Microgauge, do not rely on any prior calibration against an artificial flaw such as a saw-cut in a test block, but some users accustomed to such a calibration from other devices have nevertheless wished to use the instrument in that fashion and have in some instances reported erroneous results. In this paper, we develop a simple theory to explain and quantify this phenomenon. We calculate the parasitic voltages induced in the instrument probe due to the finite opening possessed by an artificial flaw, and we use these results to reinterpret the instrument readings. Controlled experimental measurements on artificial flaws of rectangular cross-section made in aluminum and in steel are found to be in good agreement with the theory. It is shown, however, that application of the theory requires additional information about the internal phase shift associated with the instrument. To enhance the accuracy of the theory, the effect of the corners of the artificial flaws was also considered, although it was not very influential in this work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00570731
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resonance testing of cast iron (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 2 (1981), S. 65-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: NDE ; cast iron ; vibration analysis ; modulus ; strength
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An outline is given of the existing nondestructive vibration tests for cast irons and their drawbacks in terms of the dimensional accuracy of the components. A proposal is made for a new test based on the change of resonant frequency with vibration amplitude exhibited by cast irons. This proposal is evaluated using material data obtained from dynamic tests of a wide range of cast iron specimens. A test rig is described suitable for testing cylindrical cast bars, and typical results are presented in relation to material strength. There is also a brief description of preliminary testing on cast products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00614999
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma and salivary pharmacokinetics of caffeine in man (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1981), S. 45-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: caffeine ; pharmacokinetics ; plasma ; saliva ; urinary elimination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma and salivary caffeine concentrations were measured by gas-liquid chromatography in 6 healthy caffeine-free volunteers following oral administration of 50, 300, 500 and 750 mg caffeine. Caffeine was also given to a single subject intravenously in doses of 300, 500 and 750 mg. Caffeine was rapidly absorbed and was completely available at all doses. The apparent first-order elimination rate constant decreased linearly with dose and was 0.163±0.081 h−1 for 50 mg and 0.098±0.027 h−1 for 750 mg. The total body clearance was unaffected by dose and was 0.98±0.38 ml/min/kg. There was a trend towards increasing apparent volume of distribution with increasing dose. A linear relationship existed between the area under the plasma concentration, time curve and dose and dose-normalised plasma concentration, time plots were superimposable. These findings suggest that caffeine obeys linear pharmacokinetics over the dose range investigated. Despite significant inter-individual differences in pharmacokinetic parameters there was good reproducibility within 5 subjects given 300 mg caffeine orally on 3 occasions. Salivary caffeine levels probably reflect the unbound plasma caffeine concentration and can be used to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug. Overall the saliva/plasma concentration ratio was 0.74±0.08 but within subjects some time-dependence of the ratio was found with higher ratios initially (even after intravenous administration) and lower ratios at longer time intervals after the dose. Urinary elimination of caffeine was low and independent of dose: 1.83% of the dose was eliminated unchanged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609587
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma mexiletine concentrations following combined oral and intramuscular administration (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 19 (1981), S. 301-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: mexiletine ; intramuscular injection ; oral administration ; intravenous injection ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mexiletine in doses of 50, 100 and 400 mg was administered by intramuscular injection to a healthy subject and the resulting plasma concentrations were compared with those after 100 mg given intravenously. The bioavailability of mexiletine given by this route is complete and the kinetics are linear with dose. Plasma mexiletine concentrations resulting from 200 mg given orally with either two 4-ml intramuscular injections each containing 100 mg (Mexitil® — for intravenous use) or one 2-ml intramuscular injection of an experimental preparation containing 200 mg were compared in 3 and 6 normal subjects respectively. Plasma levels within the therapeutic range of 0.75–2 µg/ml were attained at mean times of 28.7 and 42.5 min respectively. Apart from raised plasma creatine phosphokinase levels (as would be expected following an intramuscular injection) the tolerability of intramuscular mexiletine injections was satisfactory. Further studies in patients will be required to determine whether the combined oral and intramuscular administration of mexiletine is of value in acute myocardial infarction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562808
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioavailability of ketoprofen in man with and without concomitant administration of aluminium phosphate (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 19 (1981), S. 305-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: ketoprofen ; aluminium phosphate ; bioavailability ; antacid ; pharmacokinetics ; interaction study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this study was to determine whether a concomitant single dose of antacid (aluminium phosphate), or multiple doses of this antacid, administered prior to and with ketoprofen would alter the bioavailability of this non steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. The possible effects of aluminium phosphate were evaluated following administration of ketoprofen alone (Phase I), co-administration of antacid and ketoprofen (Phase II), and antacid for four days before administration of ketoprofen with co-administration on the day of the study (Phase III). There were no significant differences between treatment means for peak plasma concentration, time to peak plasma concentration, and area under the plasma concentration-time curve. The observed differences were due only to individual effects. The results indicate a lack of interaction between ketoprofen and the antacid aluminium phosphate (Phosphalugel)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562809
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