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  • Books  (18)
  • Printed Books(GFZ-OPAC)  (18)
  • Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory  (18)
  • 1975-1979  (18)
  • 1
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/24
    In: CRREL Report, 76-24
    Description / Table of Contents: Chemical analysis of surface snows and deeper ice core samples from Milcent, Greenland, indicates a marine origin for Na and Cl and a terrestrial origin for Al, Mn and V. Pre-1900 enrichment factors, based on average crustal composition, are high for Zn and Hg and appear to be related to their volatility. A comparison of pre-1900 and 1971-1973 concentrations of V and Hg shows no decided increase from industrial production; however, the abundance of Zn (relative to Al) increased three-fold during this time period. The chemical composition of ancient ice is extremely useful in interpreting modern aerosols.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ii, 6 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-24
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Call number: ZSP-202-347
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 347
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Introduction. - Experimental. - Results and discussion. - Applications. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chemical analysis of century-old ice from continuous 5 to 7 year intervals of three ice cores from south and central Greenland (Dye 3, Milcent and Crete) show maximum concentrations of Na, Mg,Ca, K, and Al during early spring and minimum concentrations during late summer and early fall. Peak spring values are as much as 10 times greater than fall values. Because of the large seasonal chemical variations, samples used for depth-age or annual deposition rate studies must represent accumulation from exactly one year or whole multiples of a year. The seasonal chemical variations seem promising as a new method of defining annual layers and thus dating old ice cores.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 5 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 347
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-79/6
    In: CRREL Report, 79-6
    Description / Table of Contents: Nondestructive repetitive plate bearing (RPB) tests were conducted on various test sections in state highways in Maine during 13-15 April 1976. The RPB test consists of making resilient surface deflection measurements during repetitive loadings at various radii from the load plate. The pavement system stiffness was calculated and the resilient modulus values for the various pavement layers were determined with the Chevron computer program for a layered elastic system. A thawed analysis using nondimensional deflection curves for the various sections provided a guide to the susceptibility of the pavement systems to surface failure and pothole development. Some comparisons between stabilized and nonstabilized aggregate and soil were made with calculated stiffness values. The moduli of the various materials were also compared. The residual surface deflections during testing for several pavement systems indicated a linear logarithmic relationship with number of load applications. A relationship between the modulus of the asphalt cement concrete pavement and pavement temperature was developed for the limited temperature range during the testing.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 20 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-6
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction Descriptions of road test sections Test equipment and procedures. Field repetitive plate bearing tests Data analysis General Layered-elastic analysis of the pavement systems Statistical analysis. Flexural analysis Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Resilient surface deflections for the test points
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  • 4
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-79/4
    In: CRREL Report, 79-4
    Description / Table of Contents: A computer model is described to compute the amount of ice accretion on an object under a variety of initial conditions. Numerical techniques are best applied to these problems because of time dependent effects governing the amount of ice collected and also the variety of initial conditions that can lead to ice accumulation. The helicopter rotor icing problem adds an additional complexity since the velocity along the rotor blade varies over a wide range strongly affecting the amounts of ice collected at different blade positions. The physics of ice accretion is reviewed and the accounting for time-dependence in the computer model is described. Some model results are presented and indicate the dependence of ice accretion on velocity, droplet sizes, cloud liquid water content, and temperature for a cylindrical object of constant size.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 39 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-4
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENT Abstract Preface Introduction Ice accretion parameters Physics of ice accretion Interaction between water droplets and flow field Time dependence in droplet trajectories Thermodynamic processes at the surface of the object Time dependence in the thermodynamics Time dependence of lesser order Numerical ice accretion model Major subroutines Options for droplet size variations Option for the helicopter rotor case Results Conclusions and future studies Literature cited Appendix A: Computer program
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  • 5
    Call number: ZSP-201-79/1
    In: CRREL Report, 79-1
    Description / Table of Contents: Experiments were conducted to study the flow of water through columns of homogeneous, repacked snow. The gravity flow theory of water flow through snow was verified, although possibly there is some dependence of the relative permeability on the state of metamorphism of the snow. Also, at very large values of saturation there may be some additional flow in saturated channels.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-1
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Symbols Introduction Test procedure Theory Evaluation of the experimental results Example evaluation Results and discussion Literature cited Appendix A. Measured and computed discharge
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  • 6
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/28
    In: CRREL Report, 78-28
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: x, 112 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-28
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction Descriptions of road test sections Test equipment and procedures Field repetitive plate bearing tests Data analysis General Layered-elastic analysis of the pavement systems Statistical analysis Flexural analysis Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Resilient surface deflections for the test points
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  • 7
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/26
    In: CRREL Report, 78-26
    Description / Table of Contents: Ice fog suppression experiments on the Fort Wainwright Power Plant cooling pond were conducted during the winters of 1974-76. Baseline information studies occupied a sizable portion of the available ice fog weather in 1974-75. Then hexadecanol was added to the pond and dramatically improved visibility by reducing fog generated from water vapor released by the pond at -14 C. Although this temperature was not low enough to create ice fog, the cold vapor fog created was equally as devastating to visibility in the vicinity of the pond. During the winter of 1975-76, suppression tests were continued using films of hexadecanol, mixes of hexadecanol and octadecanol, and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGME). Suppression effectiveness at colder temperatures was stuided and limits to the techniques were probed. A reinforcing grid was constructed that prevented breakup of the film by wind and water currents. Lifetime tests indicated that EGME degrades much more slowly than either hexadecanol or the hexadecanol-octadecanol mix. The films were found to be very effective fog reducers at warmer temperatures but still allowed 20% to 40% of normal evaporation to occur. The vapor thus produced was sufficient to create some ice fog at lower temperatures, but this ice fog occurred less frequently and was more quickly dispersed than the thick fog that was present before application of the films.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 27 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-26
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Ice fog from cooling ponds Evaporation Relative humidity and cold air Ice fog suppression Air movement Plastic films Rafts Injection wells Cooling towers Chemical films Reinforced film experiments Meteorological data collection Floating reinforcement grid Application of the hexadecanol film Hexadecanol, octadecanol mixes Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether Laboratory tests of suppression effectiveness Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Design for an automatic thin chemical film applicationsystem Appendix B. Meteorological data
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  • 8
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-79/8
    In: CRREL Report, 79-8
    Description / Table of Contents: Sea ice ridging statistics obtained from a series of laser surface roughnessprofiles are examined. Each set of profiles consists of six 200-km-long flight tracks oriented approximately perpendicular to the coastline of the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. The landward ends of the profiles were located at Point Lay, Wainwright, Barrow, Lonely, Cross Island and Barter Island. The flights were made in February, April, August, and December 1976, and one additional profile was obtained north of Cross Island during March 1978. It was found that although there is a systematic variation in mean ridge height (h) with season (with the highest values occurring in late winter), there is no systematic spatial variation in h at a given time. The number of ridges/km (micron) is also high during the late winter, with the highest values occurring in the Barter and Cross Island profiles . In most profiles, the ice 20 to 60 km from the coast is more highly deformed (higher micron values) than the ice either nearer the coast or farther seaward. The Wadhams model for the distribution of ridge heights gives better agreement with observed values in the higher ridge categories than does the Hibler model. Estimates of the spatial recurrence frequency of large pressure ridges are made by using the Wadhams model and also by using an extreme value approach. In the latter, the distribution of the lagest ridges per 20 km of laser track was found to be essentially normal
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 28 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-8
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Data collection and processing Analysis General Variations in ridging Ridge height distributions Occurrence of high ridges The tail of the distribution Extreme values Applications to offshore design Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Tabulated ice ridge data
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  • 9
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/23
    In: CRREL Report, 78-23
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 53 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-23
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Conversion factors: Metric (SI) to U.S. customary units of measurement Introduction Selection of experimental approach Previous investigations of effect of freeze-thaw on soil deform ability Selection of laboratory test method Selection of method of field validation tests Field repeated-load plate-bearing tests Test pavements, soils and materials Test procedures and results Resilient modulus of subgrade calculated from field tests Mathematical model Characterization of asphalt concrete Characterization of frozen silt Calculated resilient modulus of silt within the zone of freezing Laboratory repeated-load triaxial tests Specimens, equipment and testing procedures Apparatus Procedures Resilient properties calculated from laboratory tests Calculation methods Asphalt concrete - test results Asphalt concrete - statistical analysis and discussion Silt - test results Silt - statistical analysis Discussion and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Repeated-load plate-bearing test results Appendix B. Laboratory repeated-load triaxial test results Appendix C. Regression equation coefficients for resilient modulus and Poisson’s ratio from repeated-load triaxial test data on asphalt concrete and silt Appendix D. Detailed procedures for repeated-load triaxial testing
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  • 10
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/15
    In: CRREL Report, 77-15
    Description / Table of Contents: A laboratory experimental study was conducted on a scale model of an annular flow ice-water heat sink to be used to store the waste heat produced in a hardened defense installation operating in an isolated mode. The study ex­amined: 1) scaling relationships for predicting the performance of prototype units using data from scale models, 2) the accuracy of a computer prediction technique developed during an earlier study, 3) the heat transfer phenom­enon at the ice-water interface, and 4) some practical aspects related to the operation of a prototype installation. The scaling relationships and the computer program were found to be sufficiently accurate for use in developing a proto­type sink design. During operation the scale model sink provided an almost constant low temperature source of coolant water for approximately one-half its useful life and thereafter behaved like an ordinary stored water reservoir type heat sink. No significant operational problems were discovered.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 54 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-15
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric units of measurement Introduction Description of experiment Apparatus Test procedure Experimental results Summary of experimental tests Influence of coolant water flow rates Approximation of the rate of melting Comparison of experimental and computed results Comparative analysis of the model sinks Approximation of the heat transfer coefficient Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Experimental data, heat sink Model II Appendix B. Heat sink scaling and similarity relationships Appendix C. Derivation of the relationships for the heat transfer coefficient, Reynolds and Nusselt numbers Appendix D. Determination of freezing rates and refrigeration loads Appendix E. Approximation of stresses in the heat sink tank
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