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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2013-10-11
    Description: Ecological and societal disruptions by modern climate change are critically determined by the time frame over which climates shift beyond historical analogues. Here we present a new index of the year when the projected mean climate of a given location moves to a state continuously outside the bounds of historical variability under alternative greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. Using 1860 to 2005 as the historical period, this index has a global mean of 2069 (+/-18 years s.d.) for near-surface air temperature under an emissions stabilization scenario and 2047 (+/-14 years s.d.) under a 'business-as-usual' scenario. Unprecedented climates will occur earliest in the tropics and among low-income countries, highlighting the vulnerability of global biodiversity and the limited governmental capacity to respond to the impacts of climate change. Our findings shed light on the urgency of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions if climates potentially harmful to biodiversity and society are to be prevented.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mora, Camilo -- Frazier, Abby G -- Longman, Ryan J -- Dacks, Rachel S -- Walton, Maya M -- Tong, Eric J -- Sanchez, Joseph J -- Kaiser, Lauren R -- Stender, Yuko O -- Anderson, James M -- Ambrosino, Christine M -- Fernandez-Silva, Iria -- Giuseffi, Louise M -- Giambelluca, Thomas W -- England -- Nature. 2013 Oct 10;502(7470):183-7. doi: 10.1038/nature12540.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geography, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822, USA. cmora@hawaii.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24108050" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Computer Simulation ; *Global Warming ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2014-07-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mora, Camilo -- Frazier, Abby G -- Longman, Ryan J -- Dacks, Rachel S -- Walton, Maya M -- Tong, Eric J -- Sanchez, Joseph J -- Kaiser, Lauren R -- Stender, Yuko O -- Anderson, James M -- Ambrosino, Christine M -- Fernandez-Silva, Iria -- Giuseffi, Louise M -- Giambelluca, Thomas W -- England -- Nature. 2014 Jul 3;511(7507):E5-6. doi: 10.1038/nature13524.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geography, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA. ; Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA. ; 1] Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA [2] Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Kane'ohe, Hawaii 96744, USA. ; 1] Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Kane'ohe, Hawaii 96744, USA [2] Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA. ; 1] Department of Geography, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA [2] Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Kane'ohe, Hawaii 96744, USA. ; 1] Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Kane'ohe, Hawaii 96744, USA [2] Trans-disciplinary Organization for Subtropical Island Studies (TRO-SIS), University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24990758" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Computer Simulation ; *Global Warming
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2014-08-14
    Description: The goal of this study was to determine the effects of atmospheric demand on both plant water relations and daily whole-tree water balance across the upper limit of a cloud forest at the mean base height of the trade wind inversion in the tropical trade wind belt. We measured the microclimate and water relations (sap flow, water potential, stomatal conductance, pressure–volume relations) of Metrosideros polymorpha Gaudich. var. polymorpha in three habitats bracketing the cloud forest's upper limit in Hawai‘i to understand the role of water relations in determining ecotone position. The subalpine shrubland site, located 100 m above the cloud forest boundary, had the highest vapor pressure deficit, the least amount of rainfall and the highest levels of nighttime transpiration ( E N ) of all three sites. In the shrubland site, on average, 29% of daily whole-tree transpiration occurred at night, while on the driest day of the study 50% of total daily transpiration occurred at night. While E N occurred in the cloud forest habitat, the proportion of total daily transpiration that occurred at night was much lower (4%). The average leaf water potential ( leaf ) was above the water potential at the turgor loss point ( TLP ) on both sides of the ecotone due to strong stomatal regulation. While stomatal closure maintained a high leaf , the minimum leaf water potential ( leafmin ) was close to TLP , indicating that drier conditions may cause drought stress in these habitats and may be an important driver of current landscape patterns in stand density.
    Print ISSN: 0829-318X
    Electronic ISSN: 1758-4469
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2014-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0829-318X
    Electronic ISSN: 1758-4469
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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