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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (1,347)
  • Fisheries
  • 42.75
  • 1950-1954  (1,347)
  • 1954  (516)
  • 1953  (443)
  • 1950  (388)
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  • 1950-1954  (1,347)
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  • 1954  (516)
  • 1953  (443)
  • 1950  (388)
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  • 101
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 479-479 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 102
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 103
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. I 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 104
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 479-480 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 105
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 106
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 481-482 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Rust Prevention by the use of Zinc Oxides containing LeadThis article describes the manufacture, properties and uses of zinc oxides containing lead. Such oxides are known at Home and Abroad under the trade name of “Harzsiegel”. Particular emphasis is laid upon the rust preventing qualities of such oxides.
    Notes: In der vorliegenden Abhandlung werden die Herstellungsweise, Eigenschaften und die Anwendung der bleihaltigen Zinkoxyde, wie sie unter dem Handelsnamen „Harzsiegel“ im In- und Ausland bekannt sind, besonders im Hinblick auf den Rostschutz, kurz beschrieben.
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  • 107
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 482-483 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Is Additional Passivation Really Necessary?Even the best types of reaction primers are only capable of meeting average requirements. However, the application of additional coats of red lead does not appear to be advisable, since this pigment already acts as a passivating agent, and, furthermore, adheres firmly to the surface of steelwork.Reaction primers should, therefore, only be used in cases where the paint work does not have to stand up to onerous conditions. For all other anti-corrosive paints, strict adherance to the Rost Recommendations will result in the best primer surface. Mixtures of white lead and micaceous iron ore have proved themselves as being particularly efficaceous in this connection, since they reflect light and are water-resistant.
    Notes: Selbst die besten Typen unter den Reaktions-Grundierungen sind allein nur durchschnittlichen Anforderungen gewachsen. Die zusätzliche Anwendung von Bleimennige-Anstrichen erscheint aber dennoch wenig ratsam, da dieses Pigment an sich schon passivierend wirkt und überdies fest auf der Stahloberfläche haftet. Aus diesem Grunde sollten nur mäßig beanspruchte Lackierungen mit Reaktions-Grundierungen vorgestrichen werden. Für alle übrigen Schutzanstriche stellen nach wie vor die Rost-Vorschriften die bestgeeigente Grundlage dar. Ihnen zufolge haben sich im Deckanstrich Mischungen aus Bleiweiß und Essenglimmer besonders bewährt, da sie gleichzeitig lichtreflektierend und wasserabweisend wirken.
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  • 108
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 483-488 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Protection of Industrial Materials by Silica Water TreatmentThis article attempts to set up a critical summary of results obtained in practice at Home and Abroad from the application of Silica water treatment to industrial materials. A further attempt is then made to determine the reasons for any failures to obtain results from the application of this method in practice and to ascertain why the use of this method gives such different results when applied in different locations and under varying external conditions.
    Notes: In diesem Aufsatz wird versucht, aus den bisher bekannt gewordenen in- und ausländischen Erfahrungen in betriebenen Anlagen über die Wirkung der Silikat-Wasseraufbereitung alles das kritisch zusammenstellen, was bisher in dieser Hinsicht einigermaßen feststeht. Auf Grund dieser Zusammenstellung wird versucht, die Ursachen der Versager zu finden, die bei diesem Verfahren in praktisch betriebenen Anlagen bisweilen vorkommen, und die Gründe festzustellen, warum dieses Verfahren an verschiedenen Stellen und unter verschiedenartigen äußeren Bedingungen verschiedenartig wirkt.
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  • 109
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 509-511 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 110
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 497-500 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Self-adhering Plastic Wrappers and Tapes for Surface ProtectionThe present state of the various methods used to protect buried pipes and cables from corrosion are briefly described. Plastic materials have also penetrated this field and are rapidly growing in importance; particularly in the U.S.A., where the greater possibilities of application have resulted in correspondingly greater progress. In addition to pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes having a soft PVC base, similar tapes have also been produced from pure Polyethylene. Special appliances have been designed and constructed for use in applying these plastic tapes. Plastic self-adhesive with a PVC base have of recent years used more and more in Germany. The structure, properties and possibilities of application of adhesive PVC tapes and wrappers are discussed at length. In addition to the specialised use of plastic tapes and wrappers as an anti-corrosive measure for buried pipes and cables, the value of these wrappers for heat insulation purposes is pointed out. They are also specially useful for the surface protection of pipelines in chemical works where high humidities and corrosive vapours are an important factor.
    Notes: Der derzeitige Stand der Technik bei den verschiedenen Verfahren im Korrosionsschutz von erdverlegten Rohren und Kabeln wird kurz beschrieben. Auch die Kunststoffe sind in dieses Spezialgebiet eingedrungen und gewinnen mehr und mehr an Bedeutung; insbesondere hat die Verwendung von Kunststoffbandagen in den USA bei den dort gegebenen größeren Möglichkeiten schnelle Fortschritte gemacht. Neben druckhaftenden Klebebändern auf Basis von weichgestelltem PVC haben sie solche aus reinem Polyäthylen eingeführt. Für das zügige Aufwickeln dieser plastischen Folien sind besondere Vorrichtungen konstruiert worden. In Deutschland werden die plastischen, selbstklebenden Bänder auf der Basis von PVC, insbesondere in den letzten Jahren, mehr und mehr verwendet. Der Aufbau, die Eigenschaften und die Einsatzmöglichkeiten, der klebenden PVC-Bandagen werden eingehend besprochen. Nachen der speziellen Verwendung der plastischen Binden im Korrosionsschutz bei erdverlegten Rohren und Kabeln wird auf die Bedeutung dieser Klebebänder für Wärme- und Kälte;-Isolierung und im Oberflächenschutz bei Leitungen in chemischen Fabriken, wo mit starker Feuchtigkeit und aggressiven Dämpfen zu rechnen ist, hingewiesen.
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  • 111
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 488-496 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: A Contribution to the Technology of the Relationship between the Carbon, Ferrite and Titanium. Contents of Austenitic Chrome-Nickel Steels and the Embrittlement in a Brittle Phase at Higher Titanium ContentsThe increase in the Ferrite proportion of austenitic Chrome-Nickel or Chrome-Nickel-Molybdenum steels caused by a reduction in the Carbon content is quantitatively represented. In addition to the decarburisation which occurs during melting, and which is of the order of magnitude of 0,02-0,03% a decarburisation process by annealing in a partial vacuum is also described. The final Carbon content thus obtained approaches the limit that can be determined analytically, i. e., 0,001%. The influence of the drop in Carbon content and the corresponding increase in the Ferrite content is critically examined from the standpoint of the resistance to granular dissociation. A method of increasing this resistance by substitution of the Carbon by Titanium is examined. It is established that when the Carbon is stoichiometrically substituted, the Ferrite content is approximately equal to that of the completely decarburised alloy. A Carbon content of 0,02-0,03% is considered as being sufficient to ensure the necessary resistance to granular dissociation, thereby avoiding the large increase in Ferrite content resulting from any further decarburisation that may be required. A non-magnetic, brittle phase, known as the X phase, which occurs when Titanium over and above the stoichiometric relation is added, is then described. It is assumed that this phase represents a Mo-Ti-Fe Combination, which greatly diminishes the technological properties of the alloy.
    Notes: Die Vergrößerung des Ferrit-Anteiles austenitischer Chrom-Nickel-Molybdän-Stäbe mit fallendem Kohlenstoffgehalt wird quantitativ wiedergegeben; die Entkohlung wird außer auf dem Wege der Schmelzflußentkohlung, die bis herab zu 0,02-0,03% C reicht, noch zusätzlich auf dem Wege der Glühung unter vermindertem Druck beschrieben. Der so erreichbare Endkohlenstoffgehalt nähert sich der analytischen Nachweisbarkeitsgrenze, nämlich 0,001% C. Der Einfluß des fallenden C-Gehaltes und die damit verbundene Steigerung des Ferrit-Gehaltes wird kritisch betrachtet im Hinblick auf die Kornzerfallsbeständigkeit. Die weitere Methode zur Verbesserung dieser Beständigkeit durch Abbindung des C-Gehaltes durch Titan wird gegenübergestellt und festgestellt, daß theoriegemäß bei stöchiometrisch abgebundener Kohle der Ferritgehalt etwa dem der total entkohlten Legierung entspricht. Für die Praxis wird ein C-Gehalt von 0,02 bis 0,03% als ausreichend für die Sicherung der Zerfallsbeständigkeit betrachtet und damit der überaus starke Anstieg des Ferritgehaltes im Falle weiterer Entkohlung vermieden. Bei Ti-Zusätzen weit über das stöchiometrische Verhältnis hinaus wird eine unmagnetische spröde Phase, mit X-Phase bezeichnet, beschrieben, die vermutlich eine Mo-Ti-Fe-Verbindung darstellt und die technologischen Eigenschaften stark verschlechtert.
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  • 112
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 512-514 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 113
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 515-518 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 519-520 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 521-524 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 525-528 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 529-531 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 118
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 500-508 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Residual Currents and CorrosionThe paper describes experiments in suites to confirm the theoretical assumption that the generated current, and hence the rate of corrosion, follows the First Fick Law. The experiments were carried out with + Pt/O2  - electrolyte // non-polarizable anode  -  circuits. The following conclusions were made:As is well known, a strong surge of current results when such a circuit is closed. This surge dies away in periods ranging from a few seconds to minutes. This generated current is attributed to (a) the depolarization of the oxygen absorbed on the surface of the cathode, (b) the current generated by the zone of diffusion, (c) the discharge of the capacity of the double layer. At internal resistances of 500 to 8,000 ohms, i.e., in the residual current area, the closed circuit voltages are approximately proportional to the potential difference of the generating circuit in the pH zone of 2-10, whilst the logarithms of the closed circuit voltages are approximately proportional to the ph values of the catholytes.If the closed circuit is opened and again closed, currents ensue, whose magnitude (in coulombs) up to the time of re-attaining the original closed circuit voltage is proportional to the square root of the time that the circuit was open. This relation holds good for static electrolytes. In the case of electrolytes in motion and longer periods during which the circuit is open, the magnitude of the generated current is considerably less. This indicates a very loose adsorbtion layer, easily disturbed by the movement of the electrolyte.In the case of static electrolytes the coulomb values are dependent on the potential difference in the element, whilst the logarithms of the coulomb value are approximately proportional to the ph value of the catholyte.With very small Oxygen concentrations (0,05 mg O2/1) and varying open circuit periods, two linear branches of curves result when the coulomb values are plotted against the square roots of the open circuit periods corresponding to the generated current (a+b+C) and a respectively.
    Notes: Es wird die schulmäßige Ansicht, daß die Stromlieferung und damit die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit in einem Sauerstoff-Depolaristationselement durch das 1. Fick'sche Gesetz beschrieben wird, experimentell an Ketten + Pt/O2  -  Elektrolyten // unpolarisierbare Anode  -  nachgeprüft. Dabei wurden u. a. folgende Feststellungen gemacht:Wie bekannt, tritt beim Stromschluß der Kette ein starker Stromstoß auf, der in wenigen Sekunden bis Minuten abklingt. Diese Stromlieferung wird zugeschrieben (a) der Depolarisation des an der Oberfläche der Kathode adsorbierten Sauerstoffes, (b der Stromlieferung durch Ausbildung der Diffusionszone), (c) der Entladung der Kapazität der Doppelschicht. Die Ruhestromstärken sind (bei inneren Widerständen von 500 bis 8000 Ohm, äußerem Widerstand 50 Ohm, also im Reststromgebiet) der Potentialdifferenz der arbeitenden Kette im pH-Bereich von 2-10 annähernd proportional; die Logarithmen der Ruhestromstärken sind dem PH-Wert des Katholyten annähernd proportional.Unterbricht man den Rubestrom, so erhält man beim Wiederschließen Stromkreises Stromflüsse, deren Größe (in Coulomb) bis zur Erreichung der ursprünglichen Ruhestromstärke der Quadratwurzel aus der Abschaltdauer proportional sind. Diese Beziehung gilt für ruhende Elektrolyte. Bei bewegten Elektrolyten ist die gelieferte Strommenge bei längerer Abschaltdauer wesentlich geringer. Dies spricht für eine sehr lockere, bereits durch die Elektrolytbewegung zu störende Adsorptionsschicht.Die Coulombwerte sind bei ruhendem Elektrolyten von der Potentialdifferenz im Element abhängig; die Logarithmen der Coulombwerte sind dem PH-Wert des Katholyten annähernd proportional.Bei sehr kleiner Sauerstoffkonzentrationen (0,05 mg O2/l) ergeben sich bei verschieden langen Abschaltzeiten zwei lineare Kurvenäste, wenn man die Coulombwerte gegen die Quadratwurzel aus der Abschaltzeit aufträgt, entsprechend der Stromlieferung (a + b + c), bzw. a.Nur bei kleinen O2-Konzentrationen und kurzen Abschaltzeiten ist das Produkt aus Ruhestromstärke mal Abschaltzeit gleich der gefundenen Coulombmenge; bei höheren O2-Konzentrationen und längeren Abschaltzeiten (〉 180 sec) gilt diese Beziehung nicht mehr.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 531-533 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 534-534 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 534-534 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 534-534 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 534-534 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 535-535 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 535-535 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 535-535 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 535-535 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 535-535 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 535-535 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954) 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. I 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 536-536 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 281-285 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Special Steels for Use in the Construction of High Pressure Plant in the Chemical IndustrySteel is the most important material utilised in the construction of high pressure synthesis plant. The material both from the physical as well as from the chemical standpoint can only be met by the use of specially alloyed steels. These include low alloyed steels, which offer a great resistance to the effects of heat and of hydrogen under pressure. High alloyed ferritic and austenitic steels are also highly resistant to corrosion, and are therefore of special interest. The possibility of producing steels able to resist the action of hydrogen under high pressures was already recognised during the development of the Huber-Bosch Ammonia Synthesis Process. However, the large-scale employment of such steels only took place later when industrial synthesis process were evolved, particularly in the synthesis of motor fuels. The articles makes reference to the latest developments in the production of such steels, which in some cases, also require the production of special alloying materials. Reference are also made to the behavior of such steels under operational conditions, the physical and chemical action of hydrogen and the surface protection of such steels. The article concludes with a special note on, the behavior of components which are subject to very high internal pulsating pressures.
    Notes: Für Hochdruck-Syntheseanlagen sind Stähle die wichtigsten Werkstoffe. Die hohen Anforderungen hinsichtlich mechanischer Widerstandsfähigkeit und chemischer Beständigkeit sind zum Teil nur durch Sonderstähle zu erfüllen; unter diesen sind einerseits die niedriglegierten Stähle, die mit hoher Warmfestigkeit Beständigkeit gegen die Einwirkung von Druckwasserstoff vereinigen, und andererseits die hochlegierten ferritischen und austenitischen Stähle, bei welchen zusätzlich noch hohe allgemeine Korrosionsbeständigkeit vorliegt, von besonderem Interesse. Die Möglichkeit der Erzielung von Druckwasserstoffbeständigkeit von Stählen durch geeignete Legierungszusätze wurde bereits im Entwicklungsstadium der Haber-Bosch-Ammoniaksynthese erkannt. Umfangreiche Verwendung fanden derartige Stähle aber erst bei später aufkommenden Großsynthesen, insbesondere in den Anlagen zur Herstellung von Treibstoff. Der nachfolgende Bericht macht Angaben über die neuere Entwicklung solcher Stähle, auf welche zeitweilig die Notwendigkeit der Beschränkung gewisser Legierungszusätze von besonderem Einfluß war. Es werden Angaben gemacht über die Erprobung und betriebliche Bewährung der Stähle, die physikalische und chemische Einwirkung von Wasserstoff, Verfahren des Oberflächenschutzes und schließlich über Bauteile die durch hohen pulsierenden Innendruck beansprucht sind.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 285-288 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: The Decomposition of Hydrogen, Peroxide on Metallic CopperThe velocity of decomposition of H2O2 solution of low concentrations on metallic copper at 20°C was found to be a reaction of zero order. At higher temperatures by a period of induction. The reaction mechanism of the decomposition of H2O2 on metallic copper can be explained by the various adsorption potentials of O, H2O and H2O2. The formation of a double layer on a copper electrode of 0,25 cm diameter in redistilled water, in 1% H2SO4 and in 0,5% or 1% H2O2 solutions was investigated by the Hickling method. Only greater concentrations of H2O2 have any clear influence on the size of the H double layer. The charge on the double layer in redistilled water and in an atmosphere of N2 is of the same order of magnitude as that of all polycrystalline metals.
    Notes: Die Zerfallsgeschwindigkeit von H2O2- Lösungen niedriger Konzentration auf metallischen Kupfer bei 20°C ergab sich als eine Reaktion nullter Ordnung. Bei höheren Temperaturen ist die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit durch eine Induktionsperiode bestimmt. Der Reaktionsmechanismus des H2O2- Zerfalls auf metallischem Kupfer kann durch die verschiedenen Adsorptionspotentiale von O, HO2 und H2O2 erklärt werden. Mit Hilfe der Hickling-Methode wurde die Bildung der Doppelschicht auf einer Cu-elektrode von 0,25 cm Dmr. im redestillierten Wasser, in 1%iger H2SO4 und in 1%iger bsw. 5%iger H2O2-Lösung untersucht. Auf die Größe der H-Doppelschicht haben nur größere H2O2-Konzentrationen einen deutlichen Einfluß. Die Aufladung der Doppelschicht in redestilliertem Wasser unter einer N2-Atmosphäre ist von der selben Größenordnung wie die aller polykristallinen Metalle.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 288-290 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: High Temperature Resistant Sintered MaterialsThe various high temperature resistant alloys in use to-day may, in the future, be supplemented by sintered materials which will permit of still higher working temperatures. Practical experience has already proved the worth of metal carbide having a basis of Titanium Carbide with Nickel-Chrome-Cobalt binders. Data on the scale formation and the physical properties of the so-called WZ alloys is given. Zircon Carbide has been proved superior to all other materials for the construction of jet engines. Heating units of Molybdenum-silicon alloys can be used in the open at temperatures up to 1,700° C. Due to their brittleness and low resistance to rapid changes in temperature, oxides having a high melting point and sintered materials are not very suitable for turbine blades.
    Notes: Die bisherigen hochwarmfesten Legierungen dürften in Zukunft durch Sinterwerkstoffe, welche höhere Arbeitstemperaturen erlauben, ergänzt werden. In der Praxis haben sich bereits Hartmetalle auf Titancarbidbasis mit Nickel-Chrom-Kobalt-Bindung bewährt. Angaben über das Zunderverhalten und die physikalischen Eigenschaften dieser sogenannten WZ-Legierungen werden gemacht. Zirkonborid ist als Düsenwerkstoff anderen Materialien überlegen. Heizstäbe aus 1700° an Luft verwendbar. Hochschmelzende Oxyde und metallkeramische Werkstoffe dürften wegen ihrer Sprödigkeit und schlechten Temperaturwechselbeständigkeit für Turbinenschaufeln weniger geeignet sein.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 290-295 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: D-D Reaction Points and VarnishesThe term “D-D” is an abbreviation used for materials that have a base of Desmophen (Polyester) and Desmodur (Di-isocyanate). The use of D-D paints and varnishes produces a film which has remarkable properties of resistance to physical and chemical action. The article deals with the limits and possibilities of the application of these materials and is based on the results of many years of laboratory research, as well as practical experience.The nomenclature of the various D-D paints and varnishes is given, together with their chemical properties. A short survey of their capability of resisting the effects of weather, light and heat is followed by a detailed description of the resistance of D-D paints and varnishes to the action of chemical engineering. Instructions are also given for the correct application of the paints and varnishes when used with various types of primers.
    Notes: Die Bezeichnung „D-D“ ist eine Abkürzung für Werkstoff auf der Grundlage von Desmophen (Polyester) und Desmodur (Dilisocyanat). D-D-Anstrichstoffe ergeben Filme von bemerkenswerter mechanischer und chemischer Widerstandsfähigkeit. Im Bericht werden die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des Materials herausgestellt. Als Unterlagen dienen mehrjährige Laboratoriums-Untersuchungen und umfangreiche Erfahrungen aus der Praxis.Einleitend werden kurz die verschiedenen Benennungen von D-D-Anstrichstoffen und im Zusammenhang damit ihr chemischer Charakter behandelt. Nach einem Überblick über das Verhalten im Wetter, in der Belichtung und in der Wärme wird über die Beständigkeit von D-D-Anstrichfilmen gegen die verschiedensten chemischen Agenzien, technischen Flüssigkeiten und Lösungen im Detail berichtet. Zum Anstrichaufbau auf verschiedenen Untergründen und zur Verarbeitung werden grundsätzliche Hinweise gegeben.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 308-309 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 310-323 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 323-330 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 330-331 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 301-308 
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    Description / Table of Contents: The Behaviour of Silver Anodes in Cyanide BathsSilver can be mechanically passivated in potassium cyanide and potassium silver cyanide baths by anodic treatment. The process follows the Müller-Machu Time Law of Covering Passivity: the complete covering of the surface of the electrode with a brownish layer of silver oxide and silver cyanide coincides with a rapid drop on current potential at the commencement of passivity. The marked drop in current potential is, at the same time accompanied by a marked increase in the silver potential. The passivating covering layers are easily soluble in electrolytes having a sufficient free cyanide content. With increasing KGN content, the commencement of passivity is rendered more difficult, hence the solubility of the silver anode is facilitated.The quantative relation between the free KCN content and the specific constant of passivation B was determined for the various electrolytes in common use. In order to retain the same time of passivation and the identical solubility of the silver anodes, the anodic current strength must be kept proportional to the free KCN content. The commencement of passivity is facilitated to a certain extent by the increase in silver content in the form of KAg(CN)2·K2CO3 has practically no effect on the solubility of the anodes.
    Notes: Silber kann in Kaliumcyanid- und Kaliumsilbercyanidlösungen bei anodischer Behandlung mechanisch passiviert werden. Der ablaufende Vorgang gehorcht dem Zeitgesetz der Bedeckungspassivität von Müller-Machu; gleichzeitig mit dem schnellen Abfall der Stromstärke erfolgt bei Eintritt der Passivität die vollständige Bedeckung der Elektrodenoberfläche mit einer bräunlichen Schicht von Silberoxyd und Silbercyanid. Der starke Stromstärkeabfall ist gleichzeitig mit einem größeren Anstieg des Silberpotentials verbunden. Die passivierende Deckschicht ist in Elektrolyten mit einem genügenden Gehalt an freiem Cyanid leicht löslich. Mit zunehmendem Gehalt an freiem KCN wird also der Eintritt der Passivität erschwert, die Löslichkeit der Silberanoden also erleichtert.Die quantitative Beziehung zwischen dem Gehalt an freiem KCN und der spezifischen Passivierungskonstanten B wurde für die verschiedenen, in der Praxis üblichen Elektrolyten festgestellt. Um die gleiche Passivierungszeit, bzw. die gleiche Löslichkeit der Silberanoden zu erhalten, ist die anodische Stromdichte proportional dem Gehalt an freiem KCN zu wählen. Der Eintritt der Passivität wird dagegen mit zunehmendem Silbergehalt als KAg(CN)2 gewissermaßen erleichtert. K2CO3 hat praktisch keinen Einfluß auf die Löslichkeit der Anoden.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 331-336 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 336-337 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 295-301 
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    Description / Table of Contents: The Action of Alkaline Solutions on Aluminium and Aluminium AlloysPure aluminium is so strongly active in 0,1-NaHO that it cannot even be passivated by anodic treatment. Its passivity in alkaline solutions weaker than 0,1-NaOH is very quickly destroyed when the solution contains NaCl. However, an alloy of Al-Mg containing more than 14% Mg can be passivated in strong NaOH. This passivity is also less sensitive to chlorides than that of pure aluminium.Pure aluminium and the Al-Mg alloys are permanently active in pure NaCl solutions, since the Aluminium Chloride is very soluble and, as a result of the Al(OH)3 formed by hydrolysis, is not directly on the surface of the metal, and therefore cannot cause any formation of covering layers.An addition of NaOH to the NaCl solution diminishes the action of the NaCl on pure aluminium. This is due to the formation of a covering layer. In the case of NaCO3 solutions the re-dissolving power of the solutions is so small that passivity is easily obtained. A quantative determination of the porosity of the layer of natural oxide on aluminium showed a pore area of 0,035 % of the total surface area. The higher the concentration of the alkali and the greater the sodium chloride content of the solutions, the more porous will be the covering layers formed s a result of the passivation.It is not possible to reduce by anodic treatment the amount of metal removed when aluminium is acted upon by alkaline solutions, since anodic treatment is no longer possible with the alkali concentration necessary to act on the metal.
    Notes: Reinstaluminium ist in stärkeren Laugen als 0,1-n-NaOH so stark aktiv, daß es auch bei einer anodischen Behandlung nicht passiviert werden kann. Die Passivität in Laugen, die schwächer als 0,1-n-NaOH sind, wird durch einen Gehalt der Lauge an NaCl sehr schnell zerstört. Eine Al-Mg-Legierung mit mehr als 14% Mg kann jedoch auch in starker NaOH ohne weiteres passiviert werden, da MgO und Mg(OH)2 in Laugen unlöslich sind. Diese Passivität ist auch gegen Chloride viel weniger empfindlich als selbst die von Reinstaluminium.In reinen NaCl-Lösungen sind Reinstaluminium und Al-Mg-Legierung dauernd aktiv, da das Aluminiumchlorid sehr leichtlöslich ist und durch Hydrolyse gebildetes Al(OH)2 nicht unmittelbar an der Metalloberfläche entsteht und daher auch zu keiner Deckschichtbildung führen kann.Durch einen Zusatz von NaOH zur NaCl-Lösung wird der Angriff von NaCl auf Reinstaluminium verringert, was auf eine Deckschichtbildung zurückzuführen ist. In NaCO3-Lösungen ist das Rücklösungsvermögen der Lösung so gering, daß eine Passivität ohne weiteres erzielbar ist. Die quantitative Bestimmung der Porosität der natürlichen Oxydschicht am Aluminium ergab für Sodalösungen eine Porenfläche von etwa, 0,035 % der Gesamtfläche. Je stärker die Laugenkonzentration und je größer der Gehalt der Lösung an Natriumchlorid ist, desto porösere Deckschichten werden bei der Passivierung gebildet.Es ist nicht möglich, die Metallabtragung beim Beizen von Aluminium in Laugen durch eine anodische Behandlung und Deckschichtbildung zu verringern, da bei den für das Beizen in Betracht kommenden Laugenkonzentrationen eine anodische Passivierung nicht mehr möglich ist.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 337-341 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 341-355 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 360-360 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 30-37 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 38-38 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 43-48 
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    Description / Table of Contents: On the Corrosion of iron resulting from Temperature Differences of the ElectrolytesThe article investigates the dependence of corrosion on differences in temperature, such as are encountered in the chemical industry. Iron electrodes immersed in neutral KCL solutions of varying temperatures will form a “corrosion element”, wherein the iron in the colder solution forms the cathode and that in the warmer solution forms the anode. The addition of KNO3 causes the iron in the colder solution to act as the cathode, whilst that in the warmer solution becomes the anode. This behaviour is traced back to the formation of thin yet visible covering layers on the iron in the KNO3 solution.With electrolytic concentrations of approximately 〉 0,1 n-(KCl + KNO3) currents are induced. These currents are of such a magnitude that they are able to protect the cathode almost completely from the effects of local corrosion.
    Notes: Die Abhängigkeit der Korrosion von Temperaturdifferenzen, wie sie in chemischen Apparaturen und Industrieanlagen auftreten, wird untersucht. Eisenelektroden in neutralen KCL-Lösungen verschiedener Temperaturen lassen sich zu elektrochemischen Korrosionselementen zusammenschließen, bei denen das Eisen in der kälteren Lösung die Kathode, in der wärmeren Lösung die Anode ist. Durch Zusatz von KNO3 wird das Eisen in der kälteren Lösung zur Anode, in der wärmeren Lösung zur Kathode. Das unterschiedliche Verhalten wird auf die Ausbildung dünner, aber sichtbarer Deckschichten auf dem Eisen in der wärmeren KNO3-Lösung zurückgeführt.Bei Elektrolytkonzentrationen etwa 〉0,1 n-(KCL + KNO3) treten Stromdichten auf, die so groß sind, daß sie die Kathode praktisch vollkommen vor Lokalkorrosion schützen können.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 17-19 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 20-24 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 28-29 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 37-37 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 11-17 
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    Description / Table of Contents: On the Passivity of Thallium in Perchloric Acid, Sodium Chloride and Sodium Sulphide SolutionsWhilst only a single rapid drop in potential could be observed in the case of solutions of perchloric acid and sodium sulphate, two successive drops in current potential were observed with electrolytes containing chlorine ions. This proves that two different phases occur in passivity. The Muller-Machu Time Law of Covering Passivity was found to hold good for both drops in potential, which points to a mechanical passivity of Thallium caused by covering layers.Measurements of the current potential showed that the anodic behavior of Thallium is characterised by two values, Tl+ and Tl3+. It was found that, in all the electrolytes examined, the Thallium is the first to be converted to Tl+ in solution. This action is independent of current potential. This action may have a duration of only a few seconds (e.g., in the case of 0,48 n HClO4) or several minutes (as in the case of solutions containing chlorine ions). The duration of this action depends on the current potential and the particular electrolyte used. During the primary phase of the passivating action the passivating surface layer also consists of a Thallium-1-compound. The continued passage of current causes a transformation of the metal at the passive anode, which then once again dissolves to the accompaniment of an emission of Tl3+ -Ions. At this stage a second mechanical passivation by a covering layer of a Thallium-III-salt occurs. It therefore follows that all types of passivity only depend upon the formation of covering layers.
    Notes: Während in Perchlorsäurelösungen und Natriumsulfatlösungen nur ein einziger schneller Abfall der Stromstärke beobachtet werden konnte, wurden in den Chlorionen enthaltenden Elektrolyten zwei aufeinander folgende Stromstärkeabfälle festgestellt. Dies beweist, daß zwei verschiedene Stadien der Passivität auftreten. Das Zeitgesetz der Bedeckungspassivität von Müller-Machu wurde für beide Stromstärkeabfälle als streng gültig gefunden, was auf eine mechanische Passivität des Thalliums durch Deckschichten hinweist.Durch Potentialmessungen konnte gezeigt werden, daß das anodische Verhalten des Thalliums durch sein Auftreten in zwei Wertigkeitsstifen, nämlich Tl+ und Tl3+ gekennzeichnet ist. In allen untersuchten Elektrolyten geht das Thallium zunächst und unabhängig von der angewandten Stromdichte als Tl+ in Lösung. Dieser Vorgang kann, je nach der angewandten Stromdichte und dem benutzten Elektrolyten, nur einige Sekunden (z. B. in 0,48 n HClO4) oder bis mehrere Minuten (in Chlorionen enthaltenden Lösungen) dauern. Auch die passivierende Deckschicht besteht in der ersten Stufe des Passivierungsvorganges aus einer Thallium-I-Verbindung. Bei weiterem Stromdurchgang tritt an der passiven Anode eine Umwandlung des Metalles ein, wobei es nunmehr wieder unter Aussendung von Tl3+-Ionen in Lösung geht. In dieser Verbindungsform erfolgt dann eine zweite mechanische Passivierung durch eine Deckschicht, die aus einem Thallium-III-salz besteht.Es beruhen somit alle Arten von Passivität nur auf der Ausbildung von Deckschichten.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 121-123 
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    Description / Table of Contents: The Dissolution of Various Metals when in Contact with Rotating Platinum ElectrodesThe influence of the cathode surface on the rate of corrosion was investigated in a unit furnished with a rotating Platinum electrode and stationary anodes of various metals, such as Lead, Zinc, Iron, etc.In the case of Platinum there is an almost linear relationship between surfaces up to 10m2, for surfaces of 10m2 to 20m2 and the current potential during a constant period f time. When extended, the lines cut at points i=O, p=O, or at i=O, p〉O in various electrolytes.These results indicate a definite distribution of the cathodic and anodic spots. The addition of H2O2 causes the electrolyte to revert to its former corrosive chemical state.
    Notes: In einem Element mit einer rotierenden Platin-Kathode und verschiedenen Metallen, wie Zn, Pb und Fe als stationäre Anode, wurde der Einfluß der Kathodenoberfläche auf die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit dieser Metalle untersucht. Für Pt besteht für Oberflächen bis zu 10 mm2 bzw. für solche von 10 bis 20 mm2 und der Stromstärke des Elementes für eine konstante Versuchszeit eine nahezu lineare Abhängigkeit. Die Verlängerungen dieser linearen Strecken schneiden sich entweder bei i=O, p=O oder bei i=O, p 〉 O in verschiedenen Elektrolyten. Diese Ergebnisse sprechen für eine gewisse Verteilung der kathodischen und anodischen Stellen. durch Zusatz von H2O2 wird der Elektrolyt wieder in seinen früheren korrosionschemischen Zustand versetzt.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 129-136 
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    Description / Table of Contents: On the Behaviour of Zinc Anodes in Cyanide BathsAfter determination of the degree of cover obtained with zinc anodes in sodium cyanide and sodium-zinc-cyanide, solutions it was shown that a stable covering layer is formed in these solutions as a result of the reciprocal action of the electrolytes. This surface layer immediately disappears when subjected to all forms of activating and passivating treatment. The surface layer is at a maximum in pure sodium-zinc solutions, which have the least solvent effect on zinc cyanide. These surface layers disappear when large quantities of free sodium cyanide and sodium hydroxide are added. However, they are still present to a certain extent in solutions of maximum concentration.There is an exponential relationship between the effect of the addition of sodium cyanide or sodium hydroxide on the tendency of the zinc anodes to become passive and the degree of concentration of the ingredients of the bath, whilst a linear relationship exists between the latter and the are of the pores.Zinc cathodes show a concentration polarisation and a strong chemical polarisation, whilst zinc anodes in their active state and in free sodium cyanide solutions have the least capacity for polarisation of all the cyanide solutions under investigation. The greater the quantity of of fre NaCN, the less is the degree of polarisation evidenced by the active zinc anodes. Passive zinc anodes show the highest degree of polarisation, i. e., a pure surface layer polarisation.
    Notes: Durch Ermittlung des Bedeckungsgrades von Zinkanoden in Natriumcyanid- und Natriumzinkcyanidlösungen verschiedener Zusammensetzung wird gezeigt, daß sich in diesen Lösungen durch Wechselwirkungen mit dem Elektrolyten eine stabile Deckschicht ausbildet, die sich bei allen Aktivierungs- und Passivierungsbehandlungen gleichmäßig wieder ausbildet. Diese Bedeckung ist am größten in reinen Natriumzinkcyanidlösungen, die das geringste Lösungsvermögen für Zinkcyanid besitzen. Durch größere Zusätze von freiem Natriumcyanid und Natriumhydroxyd verschwinden diese Deckschichten immer mehr, bleiben aber bis zu einem gewissen Ausmaß auch in den konzentriertesten Lösungen erhalten.Zwischen der Wirkung eines Natriumcyanid- oder Natriumhydroxydzusatzes auf die Neigung der Zinkanoden, passiv zu werden, besteht eine exponentielle, zwischen der freien Porenfläche und der Konzentration der Badbestandteile eine lineare Proportionalität.Zinkkathoden zeigen Konzentrationspolarisation und eine starke chemische Polarisation, Zinkanoden sind im aktiven Zustand und zwar in reinen Natriumcyanidlösungen am geringsten von allen untersuchten Cyanidlösungen polarisierbar. Je größer die Menge an freiem NaCN ist, eine um so geringere Polarisation weisen die aktiven Zinkanoden auf. Passive Zinkanoden zeigen die stärkste Polarisation, nämlich eine reine Deckschichtenpolarisation.
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Building-up of the Double Layer on Iron and Lead Electrodes in SoilsThe building-up of the double layer on Iron and Lead electrodes was followed by means of the Hickling method. The results obtained from the present series of experiments were in agreement with results obtained from previous experiments on the corrosion of Iron and Lead when buried in soils. This applied particularly to the type of corrosion obtained when the water content of the soil was below the saturation point. Only the first part of the Helmholtz double layer was formed on an Iron elctrode buried in a sandy soil of low water content. When the saturation point was exceeded, the building-up took place in exactly the same manner as in distilled water. A Lead elctrode buried in a clay soil was found to have a double layer similar to that obtained when the electode is immersed in electrolytes. In this case the capacity of the differents parts of the double layer is greater than that of the Helmholtz double layer.
    Notes: Der Aufbau der Doppelschicht an der Fe- und Pb-Elektrode wurde mit Hilfe der Hicklingschen Methode verfolgt. Im Einklang mit den Ergebnissen, die bei früheren Korrosionsversuchen mit Eisen und Blei im Erdreich erhalten wurden, ergab sich bei den Untersuchungen, die völlige übereinstimmung bezüglich der Entstehung der Korrosionstype, wenn sich der Boden hinsichtlich seines Wassergehaltes unter seiner Sättigungsgrenze befindet. Auf einer Fe-Elektrode bildet sich in sandhaltigem Boden bei niedrigen Wassergehalten nur der erste Teil der Helmholtz-Doppelschicht aus, nach Überschreiten der Sättigungsgrenze weist diese die gleiche Ausbildung auf wie in destilliertem Wasser. Eine Pb-Elektrode weist dagegen in tonhaltigem Boden eine Doppelschicht auf, die der ähnelt, die sich in einem Elektrolyt ausbildet. In diesem Fall ist die Kapazität des diffusen Teils der Doppelschicht größer als die der Helmholtz-Doppelschicht.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 198
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 246-251 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: A Review of Welding and Soldering Methods for Aluminium and Light Metal AlloysThe properties of light metals in which they differ from those of heavy metals  -  particularly iron  -  and which must be taken into account when welding, are stated. Information is given on gas fusion, arc welding and inert arc welding methods as applied to the welding of pure aluminium. The resistance welding of pure aluminium and aluminium alloys and the differences in welding methods are described. Particular attention is paid to the welding of materials capable of being heat-treated.The causes of tension cracks and fissures during the welding of these materials are given. The welding of magnesium alloys, both cast and rolled, is described. The soldering of aluminium and light metal alloys, the various types of solder, their uses and their properties are dealt with. The soldering of light metals for electrical purposes is also described. A tabular representation of the basic methods used for the repair of light metal castings by welding and soldering closes the article.
    Notes: Die Eigenschaften der Leichtmetalle, durch welche sie sich beim Schweißen von Schwermetallen  -  insbesondere von Eisen  -  grundsätzlich unterscheiden, werden hervorgehoben. Es wird über das Gasschmelzschweißen das Lichtbogenschweißen und das Schutzgasschweißen von Reinaluminium berichtet. Auf das Widerstandsschweißen von Aluminium wird eingegangen. Die Unterschiede zwischen dem Schweißen von Reinaluminium und von Aluminium-Legierungen werden dargelegt, wobei besonders das Schweißen von vergütbaren Werkstoffen behandelt wird.Die Gründe für das Auftreten von Spannungsrissen bei diesen Werkstoffen werden angegeben. Das Schweißen von Magnesium-Legierungen (Guß- und Walzlegierungen) wird beschrieben und auf die Ursachen der Spannungsrisse eingegangen. Das Löten von Aluminium und Leichtmetall-Legierungen, die verschiedenen Lote, ihre Anwendung und ihre Eigenschaften werden behandelt; hierbei wird auch das Löten von Leichtmetallen in der Elektrotechnik beschrieben. Es wird eine Darstellung der grundlegenden Vorgänge bei der Reparatur von Leichtmetall-Gußstücken durch Schweißen und Löten gegeben.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 199
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 269-269 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 200
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 197-198 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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