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  • Articles  (538)
  • Physics  (538)
  • 1980-1984  (538)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1983  (538)
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ignition of poly(methyl methacrylate) slabs using a small flame (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2323-2334 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: When exposed to a lean hydrogen-oxygen flat flame, slabs of poly(methyl methacrylate) ignited to flaming combustion after a delay, the length of which depended on the gas temperature and the separation between the slab and the igniting flame. The delay obeyed an Arrhenius-type expression, giving an activation energy of 96 ± 8 kJ mol-1. By the end of the delay the surface of the sample was pitted if the delay was long and almost unchanged if the delay was short. The rates of flame development measured immediately after the ignition were proportional to the ignition delay, the proportionality constant varying with the separation between slab and flame. These rates decreased as temperature increased; the slope of the linear Arrhenius plots was independent of slab-flame separation. During the delay, carbon dioxide was formed within the boundry layer and a blue preignition glow was visible at its outer edge. These data were explained by a model in which ignition delay is governed by the induction period of gas-phase reactions in or near the boundry layer. Models in which delay is governed by the time taken to heat the polymer to a critical ignition temperature did not satisfactorily explain the data.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210818
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and photolysis of polyamides having coumarin dimer component (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2345-2362 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ring-opening polyaddition reaction of anti and syn head-to-head Coumarin dimers with diamines and the photocleavage behavior of the resulting polyamides were investigated. Anti head-to-head Coumarin dimer successfully reacted with aliphatic and aromatic diamines in an aprotic polar solvent to give corresponding high molecular weight polyamides. The polyamides showed good film forming ability and exhibited solubility behavior typical of polyelectrolytes. Furthermore, these polyamides were found to undergo exclusively asymmetric photocleavage on the cyclobutane rings in the polymer main chain to give a fumaramide unit with elimination of 2,2′-dihydroxystilbene. On the other hand, syn head-to-head Coumarin dimer gave only low molecular weight polyamides. These polymerization and photocleavage behaviors were elucidated in comparison with those of model reactions.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210820
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparisons of glow discharge polymerization between hexamethyldisilazane and trimethylsilyldimethylamine (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2335-2343 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Glow discharge polymerization between hexamethyldisilazane (HMDSZ) and trimethylsilyldimethylamine (TMSDMA) was compared by means of infrared spectroscopy and ESCA analysis. Infrared spectra pointed out differences in chemical structure between the polymers prepared from the two monomers, although the two polymers were mainly composed of resembling units such as Si—CH3, Si—CH2, Si—H, Si—O—Si, and Si—O—C groups: (i) The polymers prepared from TMSDMA contained N → O group, but the polymers from HMDSZ did not contain this group. (ii) Influences of the W/FM parameter (W is the input energy of rf power, F the flow rate of the monomer, and M the molecular weight of the monomer) appeared on decreasing the C—N group and increasing the C=O group in the TMSDMA system, but little influence appeared in the HMDSZ system. ESCA spectra (C1s, Si2p, and N1s core levels) supported the differences between the two polymers elucidated by infrared spectroscopy, and pointed out differences in susceptibility of the Si—N bond to plasma: The N—Si sequence of TMSDMA was completely ruptured in discharge to yield polymers, and the Si—NH—Si sequence of HMDSZ remained in considerable amount.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210819
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free-radical identification by ESR in polyethylene and nylon (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2405-2425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Identification of the free radicals in polyethylene and nylon produced by irradiation, grinding, and pulling to fracture was carried out by comparing the experimentally observed spectra with the spectra constructed from theoretical consideration with the aid of a computer. It was demonstrated that the various primary and secondary radicals are produced and formed in the materials depending upon means of degradation, degradation processes, orientation of materials, and conditions of ESR measurement.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210824
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Batch and semicontinuous emulsion copolymerization of vinyl acetat-butyl acrylate. I. Bulk, surface, and colloidal properties of copolymer latexes (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2363-2382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vinyl acetate (VAc)-butyl acrylate (BuA) comonomer mixtures with various composition were polymerized by batch and semicontinuous emulsion polymerization processes. PVAc and PBuA homopolymer latexes as well as the (VAc-BuA) copolymer latexes were characterized with respect to particle size, molecular weight, acid end groups on particle surfaces, and colloidal stability against electrolytes. The surface and colloidal properties of these latexes were also compared before and after aging and acid hydrolysis. The average particle size of batch latexes was independent of copolymer composition, whereas for semicontinuous latexes it decreased with increasing BuA content and was always lower than that of the corresponding batch latex. The molecular weight distribution (MWD) for batch latexes was narrower and much less dependent on composition than that of the semicontinuous latexes; bimodal MWD was found in most semicontinuous latexes with a substantial amount of low MW fraction. The total weak and strong acid end groups on particle surfaces for semicontinuous latexes is higher, and more dependent on composition, than the batch latexes. Acid-induced hydrolysis results in a drastic change in the type and concentration of the surface groups of the semicontinuous latex particles. Colloidal stability against electrolytes showed that both electrostatic (due to surface acid groups) and steric [due to surface poly(vinyl alcohol)] mechanisms are contributing. However, for semicontinuous latexes, increasing PVAc content above 50 mol % resulted in a proportional increase and ultimately dominant role of steric stabilization. The results were interpreted in terms of differences in reactivity ratios and water solubilities of the two monomers and their effects on the locus of initiation and growth in the two polymerization processes, as well as the monomer sequence within the polymer chain and degree of homogeniety of the copolymer composition within the particle.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210821
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  • 106
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    Electronic Resource
    Aqueous polymerization of methyl methacrylate. III (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2665-2674 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The aqueous polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated by potassium persulfate (I)-thiomalic acid (TMA) redox couple has been studied at 30 ± 0.2°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The rate of polymerization is given by \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ R_p = K[{\rm MMA}]^{0.98} [{\rm K}_2 {\rm S}_2 {\rm O}_8]^x [{\rm TMA}]^{0.44} $$\end{document} up to 20.0 mmol/L TMA concentration, where x = 0.52 for the I concentration 0.6-10 mmol/L and x = 0.27 for higher I concentrations. The temperature had a marked effect on initial rate and maximum conversion. The overall energy of activation was found to be 11.79 kcal/mol (49.31 kJ/mol). Injection of more initiator (I) at intermediate stages enhanced both the initial rate and maximum conversion. Ag (I) and Fe (III) depressed initial rate as well as maximum conversion, while Cu (II) activated the polymerization. The effect of solvent was also studied.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210905
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Etude par RMN 13C à 62,89 MHz de ramifications longues d'alcanes lourds branchés. Modèles de PEbd et des copolymères éthylène-α oléfines (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2755-2762 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of 12-alkyl tricosanes (four compounds) was examined by use of 13C nuclear magnetic resonance at 62,89 MHz as model compounds for isolated short- and long-chain (C5, C6, C7, C8) branches in low-density polyethylene and ethylene-α olefin copolymers. An array of 13C resonances was observed and we note that the 13C chemical shifts became insensitive to branch length with octyl and longer branches at this field.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210913
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  • 108
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    Radical polymerization in the presence of complexing agents. VI. Effect of low concentrations of ZnCl2 on the overall rate of copolymerization of methyl methacrylate with ethyl acrylate (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2749-2754 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Overall rates for the free-radical copolymerization of methyl methacrylate with ethyl acrylate in the presence of low concentrations of ZnCl2 have been determined at 50°C. The rate of copolymerization Rp depends on both the ZnCl2 concentration and the monomer feed composition. Relative copolymerization rates Rp/R0p where R0p is the rate of copolymerization in the absence of complexing agent in the reaction mixture, show a minimum for intermediate feed compositions, independently of the ZnCl2 concentration. On the basis of the results obtained, a conventional copolymerization mechanism is proposed for this system in which free and complexed species of both acrylic monomers participate.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210912
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  • 109
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    Synthesis of poly(vinyl alcohol)-based poly(crown ether)s and permeability of their polymeric membranes (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2777-2785 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polymers that contain crown ether moieties at the side chain and are capable of forming rather tough film were synthesized by the polymer reaction of poly(vinyl alcohol) with formyl derivatives of aliphatic crown ethers such as 12-crown-4, 15-crown-5, and 18-crown-6. In the passive transport of alkali metal picrates across the poly(crown ether) membranes the permeation, particularly of alkali metals which tend to form intramolecular sandwich-type complexes with the crown ether rings, was retarded, compared with a poly(vinyl alcohol) membrane. The cation selectivities in the permeation of poly(crown ether) membranes differed significantly from those of poly(vinyl alcohol).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210915
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  • 110
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    The effect of filler shape on the mechanical properties of a reinforced vulcanizate: The SBR-ground asbestos system (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2833-2836 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Grinding chrysotile under controlled conditions results in microfibers with the dimensions of carbon black or silica agglomerates used in the reinforcement of rubber. The mechanical properties of SBR reinforced with ground asbestos are similar to those of SBR filled with a silica of equivalent surface area.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210918
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  • 111
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    Preparation of polyamides via the phosphorylation reaction. VII. Synthesis of polyoxamides and regular copolyoxamides (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2837-2841 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210919
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  • 112
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    Erratum (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2843-2843 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210920
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  • 113
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    Vinyl polymerization. 416. Polymerization of vinyl monomer initiated by polyethyleneglycol (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2897-2906 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of vinyl monomer initiated by polyethyleneglycol (PEG) in aqueous solution was carried out at 85°C with shaking. Acrylonitrile (AN), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and methacrylic acid were polymerized by PEG-300 (M̄n = 300), whereas styrene was not. The effects of the amounts of monomer and PEG, the molecular weight of PEG, and the hydrophobic group at the end of PEG molecule on the polymerization were studied. The selectivity of vinyl monomer and the effect of the hydrophobic group are discussed according to “the concept of hard and soft hydrophobic areas and monomers.” The kinetics of the polymerization was investigated. The overall activation energy in the polymerization of AN was estimated as 37.9 kJ mol-1. The polymerization was effected by a radical mechanism.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211005
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
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    Plasma polymerization. IX. A systematic investigation of materials synthesized in inductively coupled plasmas excited in perfluoropyridine (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2907-2919 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The RF plasma polymerization of perfluoropyridine was investigated for a range of operating parameters. The stoichiometries of the resulting thin films indicated a predominance of rearrangement mechanisms in their formation in which both nitrogen and fluorine were retained at approximately the same level as in the starting monomer. In appropriate cases a comparison was drawn with plasma polymers produced under comparable conditions from perfluoro and pentafluorobenzenes. Although the plasma polymer films from the benzenes have a low critical surface tension, that for the pyridine system changes with time, and the surface becomes completely wettable with water. This is attributed to surface hydrolysis of the plasma polymer films produced from perfluoropyridine.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211006
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  • 115
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    The analysis of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO® resin) in mixtures of PPO resin, polystyrene, and copolymers of PPO resin and polystyrene (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2921-2936 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method of determining the quantity of ungrafted poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO®Trademark of General Electric Company. resin) in mixtures of such polyphenylene oxide or PPO resin, polystyrene (PS), and graft copolymers of PPO resin and PS is described. The technique is a combination of physical and chemical separations and gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) analysis. The extent of grafting on PPO resin and the quantity of ungrafted PPO resin were calculated from molecular weight data and compositional analysis.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211007
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  • 116
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    The investigation of cancerous human bone (osteoclastoma) by small-angle X-ray scattering (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2937-2944 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Small-angle X-ray scattering methods were applied to provide a pore analysis of cancerous human bone (osteoclastoma). For experimental measurements of the scattering intensities a small-angle Kratky camera, equipped with a counterattachment and a programmable step-scanning device, was used. By applying the theories of Kratky, Porod, Debye, and Bueche, applicable to a densely packed two-phase system belonging to a general micelle system, macromolecular parameters such as specific inner surface, length of coherence, range of inhomogeneity, void percentage, and transversal lengths l̄1 and l̄2 were evaluated and found to be 4.69 × 10-4 Å-1, 21.39 Å, 18.01 Å, 0.21%, 18.01 Å and 8.53 × 103 Å, respectively. A comparison of these parameters with those of pure human bone revealed a macromolecular dissociation in osteoclastoma.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211008
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  • 117
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    Comments on a kinetic approach of multifunctional polycondensation and gelation by J. W. Stafford (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2945-2946 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211009
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  • 118
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    Reply to the comments of professor D. Durand et al.See D. Durand, M. Riviere, and C. M. Bruneau, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed., 21, 2945 (1983). (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2947-2948 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211010
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  • 119
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    Preparation of monodisperse reactive styrene-glycidyl methacrylate latexes by the emulsifier-free dispersion copolymerization technique (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2949-2960 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Latexes based on styrene-glycidyl methacrylate copolymers were prepared by the emulsifier-free dispersion copolymerization technique. The main factors affecting the size and morphology of the latex particles and their distribution are the initiator concentration (K2S2O8), the total ionic strength of the aqueous phase, and the total monomer concentration. The existence of critical values for these variables was demonstrated. In the range in which these factors had values below the critical, the synthesized latex particles were spherical, homogeneous, and in varied sizes, depending on the abovementioned parameters in the range of 220-500 nm. Above the critical values of these variables the latex particles consisted of spherical aggregates of smaller particles. The reactive oxirane groups of the latex particles were modified later by hydrolysis, ammonolysis, reaction with Na2S, or periodic acid oxidation of the hydrolyzed or ammonolyzed forms of the latex particles.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211011
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  • 120
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    Linear polythioesters. VI.For Part V of this article see ref. 7. Products of interfacial polycondensation of bis/4-mercaptophenyl/ether with some aliphatic acid dichlorides (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2961-2972 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New polythioesters by interfacial polycondensation of bis/4-mercaptophenyl/ether with oxalyl, succinyl, adipoyl, suberoyl, or sebacoyl chlorides were obtained. To define the optimal conditions of the process, the polythioesters of dithiol and adipoyl or sebacoyl chlorides were chosen as a model system. Yield for all reaction products and reduced viscosity were found. The following factors were studied: organic phase, contribution of catalyst, concentration and molar ratio of reagents, rate of addition of acid chloride, temperature of reaction, contribution of emulsifier, and concentration of hydrochloride acceptor. The structure of all polythioesters was determined by elementary analysis, infrared spectra, and x-ray. Initial decomposition and initial intensive decomposition temperature were defined by the curves of thermogravimetric analysis. Some mechanical and electrical properties of polythioesters from dithiol and adipoyl or sebacoyl chlorides were studied. The molecular weights for these polymers were also determined by gel-chromatography.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211012
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  • 121
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    Synthesis, characterization, and Diels-Alder extension of cyclopentadiene telechelic polyisobutylene. III. Silylcyclopentadiene-telechelic polyisobutylenePart XXXIII of the series “New Telechelic Polymers and Sequential Copolymers by Polyfunctional Initiator-Transfer Agents (Inifers)”.Parts of this article have been presented at the National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Kansas City, September 12-17, 1982. (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2973-2986 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Telechelic polyisobutylenes with silylcyclopentadiene termini (CpSi-PIB-SiCp) were prepared, starting with α,ω-di(t-chloro)polyisobutylene and followed by dehydrochlorination, hydrosilylation, and cyclopentadienylation. The prepolymer was characterized and found to have a terminal functionality close to 2.0. Thermal chain extension by Diels-Alder addition of the end groups did not occur, most likely because of fluxional isomerization of the silylcyclopentadiene end groups, confirmed by model studies. Chain coupling of CpSi-PIB-SiCp prepolymers with stoichiometric amounts of bismaleimide gave rise to degrees of extension of more than 11.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211013
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  • 122
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    Structure and sorption properties of the polyion complex between poly(acrylic acid) and poly(4-vinylpyridine) (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2987-2995 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A polyion complex was formed from poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP). Its structure and composition were examined by means of infrared spectroscopy (IR), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and elemental analysis. The polyion complex was obtained by dissolving PAA and PVP together in methanol. The composition of the polyion complex was independent of stirring speed, mixing sequence, and standing time after mixing. However, the composition depended on the concentrations and the ratio of the components in the reaction mixture. Excess of PAA in the product was observed when concentrated solutions (2.0 × 10-1M) were used for the preparation or when an excess of PAA was added to PVP. The sorption of water vapor by an equimolar PAA/PVP complex at 293 and 303 K was higher than that by the pure components, especially in the low- and middle-pressure regions. In the high-pressure region, however, the uptake was not affected by the complex formation. While hydrogen bond interactions in general decrease sorption, Coulombic interactions between polymer chains increased the sorption capacity.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211014
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    Radical-initiated homo- and copolymerization of cyanomethyl methacrylate (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2997-3008 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of cyanomethyl methacrylate (CyMA) homopolymerization was investigated in acetonitrile with azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. The rate of polymerization Rp was expressed by Rp = k[AIBN]0.49[CyMA]1.2 and the overall activation energy was calculated as 72.3 kJ/mol. Kinetic constants for CyMA polymerization were obtained as follows: kp/k1/2t = 0.10 L1/2s-1/2; 2fkd = 1.57 × 10-5s-. The relative reactivity ratios of CyMA(M2) copolymerization with styrene (r1 = 0.15, r2 = 0.29) and methyl methacrylate (r1 = 0.43, r2 = 0.75) in acetonitrile were obtained. Applying the Q-e scheme (in styrene copolymerization) led to Q = 1.64 and e = 0.98. The glass transition temperature Tg of poly(CyMA) was observed to be 91°C by thermomechanical analysis. Thermogravimetry of poly(CyMA) showed a 10% weight loss at 265°C in air.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    Photoconductivity and hole transport in polymers of aromatic amine-containing methacrylates (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3033-3033 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211018
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    Novel high-temperature-resistant metal phthalocyanine imide copolymers (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3063-3072 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New metal phthalocyanine imide copolymers with high thermal stability, based on the reaction between metal (11) 4,4′,4″,4‴-phthalocyaninetetraamine, 4-aminophenylether, and 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, were prepared. Infrared (IR) spectra, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and viscosity measurements were used to characterize these polymers. All polymers exhibited good thermal and thermooxidative stability at polymer decomposition temperatures (PDT) greater than 500°C in air and nitrogen atmosphere. Another attractive feature is their high char yields - 60-75% at 800°C in nitrogen atmosphere. The ratio of the polymer decomposition temperatures in air and nitrogen atmospheres, (PDTair)/(PDTN2), varied from 0.94 to 0.98. These polymers have promising applications in heat-stable films, fibers, and coatings.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211104
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    Solid-state polymerization studies of conjugated diacetylenes deca-2,8-diene-4,6-diyne-1,10-diol and derivatives (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3073-3082 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The title diacetylenic compound (D3) and its derivatives dibenzoate (D3B), dinitrobenzoate (D3mNB), ditosylate (D3PTS), and diurethane (D3PU) were synthesized and their solid-state reactivity examined under irradiation and thermal stimulation. D3, D3B, and D3PTS crystallized in reactive phases. The thermal and irradiation polymerization behavior of D3 and D3B was examined further by time-conversion curves.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    Effects of ionizing radiation on linear aromatic polyesters (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3083-3092 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The influence of chemical structure on the response of aromatic polyesters to high-energy ionizing radiation was studied. Systematic variations of polymers related to poly(ethylene terephthalate) were subjected to γ radiation, and the competitive chain scission and crosslinking reactions were determined by measuring changes in intrinsic viscosity and molecular weights. It was found that an increase in the paraffinic glycol segment of polyterephthalates facilitated crosslinking, while the protective nature of aromatic groups was demonstrated by modifying the dibasic acid segments. The influence of substituents on the terephthalate moiety was mixed: electronegative groups led to chain scission (as evidenced by decreased viscosities), but electropositive substituents exerted a stabilizing effect on polymer viscosity. In almost all cases, number-average molecular weights were decreased by exposure to γ radiation, regardless of viscosity behavior. Crystalline melting temperatures of the polymers generally were decreased by the combined radiation effects of chain scission and crosslinking.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Structure of chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride). XII. Configuration and reactivity of low-molecular-weight models of poly(vinyl chloride) in the course of chlorination (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3093-3100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The chlorination of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was investigated by means of low-molecular-weight models of PVC - a dimer and trimer of PVC, viz., 2,4-dichloropentane (2,4-DCP) and 2,4,6-trichloroheptane (2,4,67-TCH). Chlorinations of stereoisomeric mixtures of 2,4-DCP and 2,4,6-TCH have revealed that the d,1 form of 2,4-DCP (syndio-2,4-DCP) is more reactive in the chlorination than the meso form of 2,4-DCP (iso-2,4-DCP), while in the case of the chlorination of 2,4,6-TCH the reactivity of stereoisomers decreases in the order iso-〉 hetero-〉syndio-2,4,6-TCH; consequently, analogous structures of stereoisomers of 2,4-DCP and 2,4,6-TCH react in a reverse order and not in the same one. The qualitative order of reactivities of stereoisomers may be correlated formally with the magnitude of their dipole moments. The reactivity of stereoisomers of 2,4-DCP and 2,4,6-TCH decreases with increasing dipole moment.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    Effect of sulfur on the electrical conductivity of FEF-loaded SBR during swelling (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3353-3360 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Following a series of experiments on the effect of different factors of the electrical conductivity of carbon-black-loaded styrene butadiene rubber, an attempt was made to study the effect on electrical conduction of changing the sulfur content. It was found that an optimum sulfur content leads to a swelling-resistant composite with good electrical insulation. This was done for dry as well as wet specimens of rubber.
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    The skewness of polymer molecular weight distributions (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3373-3380 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new parameter α3 for characterization of the skewness of a polymer's molecular weight distribution (MWD) based on the statistics is introduced. For α3 〉 0, the skewness is positive, characterizing the MWD with a tail at higher-MW side. For α3 = 0, the MWD is symmetric. For α3 〈 0, the skewness is negative, characterizing the MWD with a tail at the lower-MW side. A relationship between α3 and the first four (from zeroth to third) moments of the MWD is developed which allows calculation of the skewness without detailed calculation of the MWD. An example of polymerization of styrene with n-butyllithium is given to demonstrate the characteristics of α3.
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    Intumescent flame retardants for polymers. II.For Part I, see ref. 1. The polypropylene-ammonium polyphosphate-polyurea system (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3361-3371 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mechanism of action of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and polyurea (PU) as flame retardant (FR) agents for polypropylene (PP) was examined. The APP-PU system behaves as an intumescent flame-retardant (IFR) formulation. Comparison of the oxygen index (OI) measured on molded pellets and rods, values of the polymer temperature measured just below the burning surface, and visual considerations describe the IFR action of this system. A strong synergism between APP and two of the four polyureas investigated here was ascertained with a maximum 3:1 ratio. Thermogravimetric (TG), OI, nitrous oxide index (NOI), and char-residue measurements were made. On the basis of our data, it can be concluded that polyurea acts as a catalyst for the charring reactions of the APP on PP.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    Effect of Rh(III) and Ru(II) complexes in the polymerization of vinyl monomers initiated by charge transfer mechanism (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3381-3388 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The initiation of polymerization of vinyl monomers such as methyl methacrylate (MMA) and methyl acrylate (MA) by a charge transfer complex formed between n-butylamine(nBA) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at 30°C is slow. The effect of the dimethylsulfoxide complexes of Rh(III) and Ru(II) on the polymerization of MMA and MA in the presence of nBA, and CCl4 in DMSO has been studied. The rate of polymerization and percent conversion of the MMA and MA at 30°C are evaluated at the critical concentration of the metal complexes. At the critical range of the metal complex concentrations, both Rp, and percent conversion of MMA and MA were found to be highest. However, above and below the critical concentrations, Rp and percent conversion of the monomers were found to decrease. A suitable mechanism for the polymerization has been proposed.
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    Spectroscopic investigation of organosilicon polymers. I. Vibrational analysis of poly(tetramethyl-p-silphenylene-siloxane) (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3389-3402 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This article is a detailed, normal coordinate analysis of an isolated chain of poly(tetramethyl-p-silphenylene-siloxane), based on results obtained for the corresponding monomer and a recent x-ray structure. Predicted vibrational frequencies are compared with new experimental infrared (IR) and Raman data obtained from powder and well oriented films. Vibrational spectra were also obtained for a deuterio derivative in which all hydrogens in the benzene rings were replaced with deuterium atoms. The results indicate that an intermode mixing occurs between vibrations of the ring and the saturated part which lead to low frequency normal modes characteristic of the chain. The simplified valence force field obtained for this polymer should provide a useful tool for understanding the vibrational spectra of other members of the class of polysiloxanes.
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    Grafting of living poly(ethylene oxide) onto polystyrene via aromatic nucleophilic displacement of activated nitro groups (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3425-3442 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polystyrene of M̄ω = 2.2 × 104 was alkylated with 4-nitrophthalimidomethyl groups as grafting sites. Several backbone polymers with various degrees of grafting sites (G = 2-100%) were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR, and viscosity measurements. “Living” poly(ethylene oxide) with narrow molecular-weight distribution was prepared in the presence of 15-crown-5, and grafted onto the 4-nitrophthalimidomethylated polystyrene. The nitro displacement reaction was fast and the grafting yield was quantitative (100%). The graft copolymers are highly soluble in water and in organic solvents. The intrinsic viscosities of the graft copolymers are higher than those of the backbone polymers. The intrinsic viscosities show an initial increase followed by a decrease as the degree of grafting increase.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211207
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    Electron-proton and electron-methyl exchanges in pyrolysis of polyacetylene and polymethylacetylene (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3453-3477 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pyrolysis of polyacetylene is marked by high yields of proton-enriched products methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, polypylene, butadiene, cyclopentadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, and toluene in total amounts exceeding benzene. The activation energies for their formation are low. Polyacetylene doped with AsF5 and iodine produced these products in even higher yields of two to 17 times of undoped polymers. The dominant mechanism is thought to be random-chain scission followed by electron-proton exchange reactions. Polymethylacetylene is thermally less stable than polyacetylene. Pyrolysis gave mesitylene as the expected main product. However, as in the case of polyacetylene, large amounts of proton-enriched products were formed with moderate activation energies. (The yields of methane, propylene, and propane are nearly the same in the pyrolysis of polymethylacetylene as compared to that of polyacetylene at 923°K referenced to mesitylene and benzene, respectively.) By analogy, mechanisms involving both electron-proton and electron-methyl exchange reactions were proposed to account for the formation of all the pyrolyzates of polymethylacetylene. These reactions, not observed in the pyrolysis of polypropylene and polyisoprene, are attributable to the conjugated backbone permitting facile migrations of electrons, protons, and methyl groups.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    Thermal oxidation of polyacetylene (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3479-3492 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermal oxidation of undoped trans-polyacetylene powder in dry air has been studied and the principal features of the mechanism have been developed. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis reveal an exothermic process that first leads to a weight increase, followed by precipitous weight loss above 240°C due to formation of volatile oxidation products. Isothermal weight gain studies between 25 and 142°C show first-order kinetics below 90°C with a rate constant of 3.10-7 s-1 at 25°C and an apparent activation energy of 16 kcal/mol. A weight gain of more than 40% has been observed at 25°C after 2000 h of exposure to air. A change in first-order kinetics occurs at temperatures above 90°C. Identification of solid oxidation products with photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy reveals that oxygen intercalates into the polymer structure in large concentrations, similar to other electron acceptors. However, oxidative attack on the polymer backbone occurs simultaneously. At elevated temperatures or for long-term oxygen exposure, the concentration of dopant oxygen decreases, probably by intramolecular regrouping of hydrogen atoms, resulting in the formation of hydroxyl groups and enhanced polymer degradation. This mechanism is consistent with the finding of others that the conductivity of polyacetylene upon oxygen exposure increases initially before decreasing significantly with continued exposure, especially at elevated temperatures.
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    Reactive oligomers. II. Polymerization of glycol bis(allyl phthalate)s and glycol bis(allyl succinate)s (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3493-3502 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Seven glycol bis(allyl phthalate)s (GBAP) and four glycol bis(allyl succinate)s (GBASu) as reactive oligomers were prepared and their polymerization behaviors were investigated in detail in terms of cyclopolymerization and gelation as compared with diallyl dicarboxylates. Thus, the rates of polymerization of GBAPs were reduced compared to diallyl phthalate, being attributed to the steric effect on the intermolecular propagation of the uncyclized radical, whereas those of GBASus were enhanced as a consequence of intermolecular association by dipole-dipole interaction in polar GBASu monomers. Cyclization was enhanced in the following order: diallyl aliphatic dicarboxylates series 〈 GBASu series 〈 GBAP series. Gelation was discussed according to Gordon's theory; the actual gel-point conversions increased with an increase in the molecular weight of monomers, although the discrepancy between actual and theoretical gel-point conversion inversely tended to be decreased. The decreased delay in gelation with an increase of the molecular weight of monomers is ascribed to the reduction of excluded volume effects on crosslinking.
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    Head-to-head vinyl polymers. XI. Preparation and characterization of poly(methyl acrylate) and poly(methyl methacrylate) consisting of head-to-head and head-to-tail units through cyclopolymerization of acrylic and methacrylic anhydrides (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3503-3515 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Acrylic anhydride (AAn) and methacrylic anhydride (MAAn) were polymerized with radical initiator in polar solvents at high temperatures. The polymers obtained were found to consist of five-and six-membered ring structures by comparing IR spectra of the polymers with those of model compounds, succinic anhydride, and glutaric anhydride. Hydrolysis and methylation of the polymers gave new polymers composed of head-to-head (HH) and head-to-tail (HT) methyl acrylate (MA) or methyl methacrylate (MMA) units. The content of HH unit of these HH/HT polymers was determined by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra. The softening, glass transition, and thermal degradation temperatures of the poly(MA) with HH and HT units were found to somewhat increase with increasing of the content of the HH units. On the other hand, the glass transition and thermal degradation temperatures of the poly(MMA) with HH and HT units increased similarly, but the softening temperature decreased as the content of the HH units increased.
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    Charge transfer polymerization of 2-vinyl pyridine initiated by n-butyl amine and carbon tetrachloride (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3517-3524 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-Vinyl pyridine (2-VP) can be initiated by a charge-transfer complex formed by the interaction of aliphatic amines such as n-butylamine (nBA) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in a solvent like NN-dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). This article describes the polymerization of 2-VP by n-butylamine (nBA) in the presence of carbon tetrachloride in DMSO at 60°C. The rate of polymerization Rp increases rapidly with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) up to a concentration of 3.93 mol/L, but for a higher concentration it is almost independent of the carbon tetrachloride concentration; Rp is proportional to [nBA]0.5 and [2-VP]1.5 when [CCl4]〉[nBA]. The average rate constant k is 1.03 × 10-5 L/mol s. When [CCl4] 〈 [nBA] the rate constant in terms of [2-VP] was 1.06 × 10-5 s-1 at 60°C and the overall rate constant was 1.035 × 10-5 L/mol s at 60°C.
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    Preparation of polysiloxanes from silicic acid. III. Preparation and properties of polysilicic acid butyl esters (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 41-53 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polysilicic acid butyl esters were prepared from 1-butanol and silicic acid extracted from sodium metasilicate solution and water glass with tetrahydrofuran and hydrochloric acid. The properties of the esters were dependent on the degree of esterification (DE). The esters with a DE of less than ca. 60% could be isolated by precipitation with hexane and were highly liable to self-condensation, whereas those with more than 60% DE were soluble in solvents and could not be precipitated easily. They underwent further condensation to form highly polymerized esters. Subsequent silylation allowed the isolation and characterization of these esters. The solvent-soluble silylated esters had moderate thermal stability with decomposition points between 210 and 260°C and number-average molecular weights of 10,000-30,000. From the evaluation of units structures of silylate it was suggested that polymer backbone was a pseudoladder structure.
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    The formation of “inverted” core-shell latexes (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 147-154 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It has been found that when hydrophobic monomers are polymerized in the presence of highly hydrophilic polymer seed particles, the second-stage hydrophobic polymers form cores surrounded by the first-stage hydrophilic polymers, resulting in “inverted” core-shell latexes. The formation of core-shell morphology by this inversion process has been found to be dependent on the hydrophilicity and molecular weight of the first-stage hydrophilic polymers and the extent of phase separation between the two polymers involved. Particle morphology has been examined by electron microscopy, surface acid titration, alkali swelling of particles, and surface reactivity.
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    Influence of monomer composition on certain factors affecting the light-transmitting properties of MBS terpolymers (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 141-145 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This article is a report of the investigation of the influence of monomer composition within optimum limits on the light-transmitting properties of MBS terpolymers obtained by the mass-suspension method. The high and nearly constant light-transmitting properties of the MS copolymer matrix have no effect on the light-transmitting properties of MBS with a MMA content up to about 20 mol % higher than that at the azeotropic point. The refractive index of the MS copolymers decreases uniformly as the mole ratio of MMA increases and becomes equal to the index of the SBR. Particle concentration in sizes up to 0.6μm increases as the MMA content increases to a given point at which the concentration remains constant as MMA continues to increase. The light-transmitting properties of MBS with a MMA content of 57 mol % are improved significantly. This fact is explained by a decrease in variation on the refractive index between the two phases to 0.0014 and by the increasing percentage of particles with sizes smaller than 0.6 μm up to 70%.
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    Determination of reaction variables for the starch xanthide encapsulation of pesticidesThis article reports the results on research only. Mention of a pesticide in this article does not constitute a recommendation for use by the U.S. Department of Agriculture nor does it imply registration under FIFRA as amended. The mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned. (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 121-140 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Optimization of reaction variables such as xanthation and oxidation conditions was determined for the encapsulation of EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) and butylate (S-ethyl diisobutylthiocarbamate) in a crosslinked starch xanthide matrix. Sonification of EPTC and butylate emulsifiable concentrates before encapsulation decreased the size of the cells within the matrix and increased pesticide retention. Pesticide release from the matrix as determined using a constant temperature-humidity chamber showed that low-xanthation and sonified encapsulated products gave the slowest pesticide release.
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    Investigation of the structure of polymeric microemulsions by proton magnetic resonance (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 155-163 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structure of polymeric microemulsions, viz. toluene/water/PS-PEO graft copolymer/2-propanol, has been studied by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Results show that at low water contents, the copolymer adopts a rather diffuse micellar structure in which the rotational mobility of the ethylene oxide units is little affected by the ternary solvent mixture. Above a critical water concentration (ca. 4%), a restriction in mobility of the ethylene oxide chains is observed which has been related to the formation of an inverse micellar structure with water solubilized within the particles. The study of the chemical shifts and linewidths of water protons indicates that initially most of the water is hydrogen bonded to the hydrophilic part of the copolymer, then is present in its free form in water aggregates. These results confirm previous data obtained by dialysis equilibrium experiments.
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    Reduction of aldehydes and ketones by sodium dithionite using viologens as electron transfer catalyst (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 175-181 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It was found that aromatic aldehydes and ketones could be reduced smoothly at room temperature by sodium dithionite using viologen derivatives as an electron transfer catalyst to obtain the corresponding alcohols in good yields. Viologens (methyl viologen and polymer) acted catalytically and active species in the reduction were quinoid forms which were obtained by two-electron reduction of viologens.
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    PhenazasilineThe nomenclature of tricyclic heterocycles described in this paper is according to Chemical Abstracts.-containing polyamides and polyesters (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 165-173 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A Phenazasiline ring was incorporated into a polymer backbone by polycondensation of 2,8-dichloroformyl-5,10-dihydro-5-methyl-10,10-diphenylphenazasiline (V) with aromatic diamines or bisphenols, and phenazasiline-containing polyamides and polyesters were obtained. The polyamides were prepared by low-temperature solution polycondensation in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) in the presence of lithium chloride. The polyesters were synthesized by interfacial polycondensation in a mixture of 1,2-dichloroethane and aqueous alkali in the presence of tetrabutylammonium chloride as an accelerator. These reaction conditions gave the corresponding polymers with high viscosities. The phenazasiline-containing polyamides exhibited good solubilities in polar aprotic solvents such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, and NMP, and also in m-cresol, although the polyesters showed limited solubilities in organic solvents. Under nitrogen, the phenazasiline-containing polyamides and polyesters showed little degradation below 400°C and had good heat resistance.
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    Comparisons of glow-discharge polymerizations among tetramethylsilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, and tetramethoxysilane (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 183-190 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Glow-discharge polymerizations among tetramethylsilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, and tetramethoxysilane were compared by elemental analyses and infrared spectroscopy. The elemental composition of the polymers prepared from the three monomers depended strongly on the operational conditions necessary to sustain a glow discharge, i.e., the W/FM parameter, where W is the rf power, F is the flow rate of the monomer, and M is the molecular weight of the monomer. Methoxy groups were more susceptible to glow discharge than methyl groups. Differences in chemical structure among these monomers appeared in the polymer structures formed when the glow-discharge polymerization was carried out at a low value of the W/FM parameter, while the differences disappeared at high values of the W/FM parameter, for analogous polymers. Substitution with methoxy groups was favorable for the formation of polymers of low carbon content only when the glow-discharge polymerization was performed at low values of W/FM.
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    Conformational and neighboring effects in graft polymerization of acrolein on 4(5)-vinylimidazole-acrylamide copolymer (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 191-196 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The graft polymerization of acrolein (AL) on poly-4(5)-vinylimidazole or the copolymers of 4(5)-vinylimidazole(VIm) and acrylamide of varying composition were carried out kinetically in an ethanol-water mixture at 0°C. The graft polymerization rate Rp increased with an increasing concentration of water in the solvent. On the other hand, the Rp of the copolymer which incorporated 50 mol % VIm showed the highest value. These results were discussed by assuming interaction between amide and imidazole groups in copolymer.
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    Characterization of poly(D,L-lactic acid) by gel permeation chromatography (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 197-208 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A number of samples of poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA) with weight-average molecular weights M̄w in the range 15,000-350,000 were prepared by a ring-opening polymerization. The molecular weight distributions (MWDs) of these samples were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The method involves a universal calibration of the columns on the basis of polystyrene standards and a rapid iteration algorithm leading to the establishment of the Mark-Houwink relationship. In addition, osmometry and viscometry data are presented. The effect of hydrolytic degradation on the MWD of two PLA samples was studied by GPC.
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    The aging of living α-methylstyryl oligomers. I. The kinetics of aging (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 209-225 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Solutions of living oligomers of α-methylstyrene in THF age in two ways. In “decay” the UV-visible absorption of the anion slowly disappears but in “transformation” the peak at 340 nm is replaced by a new one at 430 nm. Decay follows first-order kinetics, while transformation depends upon a photochemical process and requires the presence of excess monomer. This monomer is consumed in a second-order reaction to produce an intermediate from which new anions are formed.
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    The aging of living α-methylstyryl oligomers. II. The mechanism of aging (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 227-238 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The living anions of oligomeric α-methalystyrene in THF transform to a new anion in the presence of excess monomer and UV light. Kinetic results have demonstrated that one step in this process is the second-order disappearance of monomer to form a dimeric intermediate. We have attempted to prepare this intermediate. Contrary to other reports, no hydrogen was liberated on terminating the reactions mixture with water, and an oily liquid which was identified as 1-methyl-1,3-diphenyl-cyclopentane was isolated. However, this is not the intermediate; the true intermediate is 2,5-diphenylhex-1-ene and under the conditions of the reaction the former compound is formed from this by a cyclization reaction.
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    Additive effect of polyacrylamide on the anionic polymerization of acrolein (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 239-244 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The anionic polymerizations of acrolein (AL) in the presence of polyacrylamide (poly-AAm) induced by imidazole (Im), pyridine (Py)-water, and sodium hydorxide as the anionic initiator were carried out kinetically in an ethanol-water mixture at 0°C. The rate of polymerization Rp in the presence of poly-AAm increased markedly in the Im and Py-water systems, whereas the polymerizability of AL is little changed in the potassium persulfate and silver nitrate (redox systems). These results suggest and the interaction between the amide groups in poly-AAm, the initiator, and the AL monomer is intramolecular. It also indicates the presence of interaction between the carbonyl group of the amide compound and the group of Im. On the other hand, the chemical shifts of the proton of Im in the presence of several amide compounds such as acetamide, propionamide, and N,N-dimethylacetamide were observed in CDCl3 by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. These results were discussed by assuming a conformational change in poly-AAm in the ethanol-water mixture.
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    High-temperature resins based on aromatic amine-terminated bisaspartimides (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 245-267 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Various 4,4′-bis{N2-[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]aspartimido}diphenylmethane (APADM)-type precursors were synthesized by Michael-type reaction of an aromatic bismaleimide (1mol) with an aromatic diamine (2 mol) in an aprotic solvent. The structures of these materials were characterized by using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 13C-NMR; their curing behaviors and thermal stabilities were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The thermal polymerization of APADM by heating it above its melting temperature produced a tough polymer. From these preimidized precursors, graphite-fiber laminates were prepared and their mechanical properties evaluated. To elucidate the thermal curing mechanism and the structure of the polymer, a model compound, N-[4-(4′-aminobenzyl) phenyl] aspartimidobenzene was synthesized. The gas-chromatographic mass spectra of these compounds has suggested a mechanism for their decomposition. The structure of the polymer also was studied by using FT-IR and 1H-NMR.
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    Preparation of viologen polymers from alkylene dipyridinium salts by cyanide ion (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 293-300 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polymers of viologen structure were prepared by oxidation of quinoid polymers obtained by the dimerization of alkylene dipyridinium salts with cyanide ion as catalyst. These polymers showed the behavior of polyelectrolytes and redox polymers that turn a deep blue when reduced chemically or electrically.
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    Characterization of polyacetylene by ozonolysis (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 301-304 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    Alkylation of poly(vinyl alcohol) by alkyl halide (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 305-307 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Polyimides containing oxyethylene units (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 319-328 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Four aromatic dinitro compounds containing oxyethylene units 1,2-bis(4-nitrophenoxy)ethane, bis(2)-(4-nitrophenoxy)ethyl ether, 1,2-bis(2)-(4-nitrophenoxy)ethoxy)ethane, and bis(2-(2-(4-nitrophenoxy)ethoxy)ethyl) ether were prepared by an aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction that involved 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene and the appropriate oxyethylene glycol. Each of the dinitro compounds could be reduced chemically or catalytically to produce the diamines 1,2-bis(4-aminophenoxy)ethane, bis(2-(4-amino-phenoxy)ethyl ether, 1,2-bis(2-(4-aminophenoxy)ethoxy)ethane, and bis(2-(2-(4-aminophenoxy)ethoxy)ethyl) ether. Polymerization of the diamines was carried out in m-cresol with toluene as an azeotroping agent. Polymides derived from 5,5′-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethylidene]bis-1,3-isobenzofuradione exhibited good solubility in chlorinated solvents, glass transition temperatures as low as 140°C, as evidenced by viscous flow, and good thermal stability; a 5% weight loss generally occured at greater than 450°C. Isothermal aging studies conducted at 600°F(315°C) for 200 h indicated that weight loss is directly related to oxyalkylene chain length-10% for the shortest and 50% for the longest chain.
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    N-chlorination of nylon fabric and polyurea-6 (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 335-340 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this article the preparation of N-chloro Nylon fabric, with Nylon-66 as weft and Nylon-6 as warp is described. The N-chlorination of this fabric was achieved by using tertiary butyl hypochlorite in carbon tetrachloride as the chlorinating agent. The percentage of N-chlorinated amide groups in the fabric obtained was 30.6. Methods of preparation of N-chloro polyurea-6 are also reported. The N-chlorination of these compounds was acheived in a heterogenious medium. N-chloro polyurea-6 was prepared by reacting it with tert-butyl hypochlorite. In Polyuera-6 the percentage of N-chlorination was equal to 100. The 100% N-chlorinated polyurea-6 did not give—NH—bands at 3.05 and 6.50 μ in the infrared spectra.
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    Structure-reactivity relations of conjugated and unconjugated monomers: Acrylates and methyl vinyl ketone in copolymerization with styrene compared with vinyl esters in copolymerization with ethylene (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 341-352 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This article describes the copolymerization of methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), methyl acrylate (MA), and methyl methacrylate (MMA) with styrene (St) as reference monomer at 3.4 MPa and 335 K with toluene as solvent. In addition, the effect of pressure on the binary copolymerizations of St-Ma-MMA is discussed. It appearsthat in case of conjugated monomers reactivity decreases as the electron-donating character of the substituents increases, whereas the reverse is found in unconjugated monomers. This is explained by the finding that in conjugated monomers resonance effects induced by polar factors play a dominant role, whereas in unconjugated monomers mainly polar factors are governing the relative reactivities. The r values at 3.4 MPa are compared with those predicted by means of the Q-e scheme and Patterns. No definite conclusions could be drawn about the applicability and validity of either scheme, although Patterns shows excellent result in case of the H function of Mayo. In vinyl ester copolymerizations and Le Noble and Asano's example of the menshutkin reaction one single factor (polarity and steric hindrance, successively) dominates ΔG#, ΔG and ΔV#. This allows a straight forward interpretation of the result with the Hammond postulate and is in full agreement with Evan's potential-energy calculations. In conjugated monomers, however, an interplay of reasonance and polar factors is found. The general validity of these findings needs further experimental and theoretical support.
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    Photocrosslinking of poly(2,3-epithiopropyl methacrylate) film with 254 nm irradiation (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 479-486 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(2,3-epithiopropyl methacrylate) (PETMA) has an absorption maximum at 258 nm (εmax = 50) in dioxane which is due to episulfide groups. When irradiated at 254 nm under atmospheric pressure its film became insoluble. When kept at 70°C for several minutes a PETMA film became partially insoluble; however, the contribution of this thermal reaction to the photocrosslinking at room temperature was negligible. For photoreaction at 254 nm under nitrogen a low probability of main-chain scission was ascertained by the use of the Charlesby-Pinner equation. The IR spectrum of irradiated PETMA showed a decrease in episulfide groups and the formation of mercapto groups, which suggested that the photocrosslinking of PETMA results from free radicals formed by the cleavage of C—S bonds. Free radicals in the irradiated PETMA were detected by ESR spectroscopy and the assignment is discussed. In this photocrosslinking process oxygen was a retarder at the early stage but an accelerator at the later stage.
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    Polymerization of cyclohexene oxide with aluminum complex/silanol catalyst. VI. Oligomer and polymer effects (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 467-477 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The activity of an aluminum complex/polysilanol polymerization catalyst was examined in order to confirm the dependence of catalytic activation on silanol chain length. Tris (acetylacetonato)-aluminum/silanol increased when silanols with an intramolecular hydrogen bond such as the trimer of diphenylsilanediol, polydiphenyl(4-vinylphenyl)silanol, and polymeric silanol of silicone were used. However, when tris(ethylacetoacetato)aluminum or tris(salicylaldehydato)aluminum was used, the product obtained from the reaction of a part of the aluminum complex with the polysilanols had to be considered in any explanation of the catalytic activation. The active catalyst with such aluminum complexes was obtained when the silanols that had intramolecular hydrogen bonds and gave the appropriate ratio of the reaction between the aluminum complex and silanol were used.
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    Kinetcis and mechanism of HCN-evolution from the oxidation of polyurethanes (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 487-511 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The oxidative degradation of aliphatic, aromatic, and secondary polyurethanes was investigated over a range of temperatures of 440-1000°C as a function of time and oxygen concentration. The degradation was studied with special emphasis on HCN-evolution; its rate constants and Arrhenius equations were determined. In some of the temperature ranges reactions were diffusion controlled. At relatively low temperatures the oxidative rate constant was a linear function of oxygen concentration, whereas at higher temperatures oxidation of the evolved HCN took place in passage through the hot zone of the furnace; in addition, at these higher temperatures thermal degradation of the polymers and thermal decomposition of HCN in the hot zone occurred simultaneously with oxidation to an appreciable extent. The kinetics and mechanism proposed and quantitatively evaluated account well for the experimental results.
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    Styrene and polystyrene microemulsions. I. Solubility in the W/O system (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 513-523 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The solubility of styrene, its oligomers, and different molecular weight polymers was determined in W/O microemulsions stabilized by sodium dodecyl sulfate and pentanol. The results showed a complex pattern due to the interactions with pentanol, surfactant, and associated structures.
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    Kinetics of the base fragmentation of a model of lignosulfonate (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 627-632 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210231
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    Longitudinal volume viscosity of epoxide prepolymers (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 635-635 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210233
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    Statistical approaches to the copolymerization equation and the steady-state assumption (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 633-634 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210232
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    Magnesium chloride-supported, high-mileage catalysts for olefin polymerization. V. BET, porosimetry, and x-ray diffraction studies (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 737-750 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The physical state of the material obtained during the various stages of preparation of a typical MgCl2-supported, high-mileage propylene polymerization catalyst was studied by BET, mercury porosimetry, and x-ray diffraction techniques. The starting MgCl2 and the substance after HCl treatment have negligible BET surface areas. Mercury porosimetry showed that they have large pores with radii 〉 200 nm which are probably crevices between MgCl2 crystallites. The most pronounced physical changes occur during dry porcelain ball milling in the presence of ethyl benzoate. After 60 h or more of ball milling the material had a 5.1-7.3 m2 g-1 BET surface area, twice the pore surface area, and a smaller pore radius than before ball milling and a large reduction in crystallite sizes to almost ultimate dimensions. The crystallites were probably held together by complexation with ethyl benzoate in the form of large agglomerates. Subsequent reactions with p-cresol and triethyl aluminum had minor effects in further reduction of the MgCl2 crystallite size but efficiently brokeup the agglomerates. The final refluxing with TiCl4 increased the BET surface area to 110-150 m2 g-1 but may have increased the crystallite size somewhat due to cocrystallization of TiCl3 and AlCl3 with MgCl2. There may have been only 8-10 crystallites in each catalyst particle. The surface structure of the catalyst resembled those of the classical Ziegler-Natta γ-TiCl3·0.33 AlCl3 catalyst.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Aging effects on fire-retardant additives in polymers (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 767-780 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Extensive thermal aging experiments have been conducted on (i) ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) formulations containing various commercial halogenated-hydrocarbon fire-retardant additives together with Sb2O3, and (ii) on chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE) formulations with and without added Sb2O3. Significant losses of both chlorine and antimony are found on aging, dependent upon the ability of the particular halocarbon to undergo intramolecular dehydrohalogenation. The stoichiometry indicates antimony volatilization as SbCl3. Arrhenius treatment of the data for the EPR formulation which undergoes the most rapid loss gives an overall activation energy of 34 kcal/mol for antimony volatilization and indicates that fire-retardant loss should become appreciable only at temperatures significantly above ambient (i.e., 70°C). Oxygen index flammability measurements showed moderately increased flammability for certain aged EPR samples, but showed significantly decreased flammability for aged CSPE which was correlated with the loss of other volatile components from the formulation.
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    Determination of composition distribution of acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers by thin-layer chromatography (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 781-788 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Determination of chemical composition distribution of acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers was carried out by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). A mixture of benzene and methyl ethyl ketone gave the most suitable calibration curve of Rf values versus acrylonitrile (AN) contents, where a concentration gradient technique was applied for development. Average AN contents obtained by TLC are coincident with those found by elemental analysis. The copolymers extracted from ABS resins are sufficiently arranged in the order of breadth of composition distribution by using the data from TLC. The agreement between the composition distribution curve and that from the theory of copolymerization is good.
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    Block copolymerization of 3,3-dimethyl-2-oxetanone. II. Synthesis of polydimethylsiloxane-containing copolymers (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 789-802 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Carboxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMSs) have been prepared by anchoring the functional end group on the main chain via a hydrolytically stable Si—C bond. The neutralized carboxy-terminated PDMSs are effective initiators of the 3,3-dimethyl-2-oxetanone (or pivalolactone) block copolymerization. The yield of block copolymers depends on the initiation efficiency of the carboxylate end groups, but this limit can be overcome by the use of more than one carboxylate group per end chain, and “palm-tree” structures are obtained. The ability to crystallize of poly(3,3-dimethyl-2-oxetanone) is significantly depressed when this polyester is engaged in PDMS-rich block copolymers, but the observed heterophase morphologies (350 Å) are uniformly fine.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Metal chelates in vinyl polymerization: Kinetics and mechanism of acrylonitrile polymerization initiated by Cu(II) imine complexes (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 803-810 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The free radical polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) initiated by Cu(II) 4-anilino 2-one [Cu(II) ANIPO] Cu(II), 4-p-toluedeno 3-pentene 2-one [Cu(II) TPO], and Cu(II) 4-p-nitroanilino 3-pentene 2-one [Cu(II) NAPO] was studied in benzene at 50 and 60°C and in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and methanol (MeOH) at 60°C. Although the polymerization proceeded in a heterogeneous phase, it followed the kinetics of a homogeneous process. The monomer exponents were ≥2 at two different temperatures and in different solvents. The square-root dependence of Rp on initiator concentration and higher monomer exponents accounted for a 1:2 complex formation between the chelate and monomer. The complex formation was shown by ultraviolet (UV) study. The activation energies, kinetics, and chain transfer constants were also evaluated.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    Network formation during vinyl polymerization via inorganic particles (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 811-818 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Methyl methacrylate containing a small amount of 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride (1.0-1.5 wt %) yielded an insoluble network when polymerized in the presence of various inorganic powders, such as lithium aluminum silicate. This unexpected result was obtained for polymerization initiated either by exposure to γ-rays or by heating with azobisisobutyronitrile. In contrast, polymerization in the absence of inorganic powder gave the expected soluble products. Therefore, it is concluded that the inorganic particles play a role in network formation. In order to account for network formation even in a supernatant layer of clear monomer, i.e., above the centrifuged sedimentation volume of the powder, it is suggested that the monomer reacts on the surface of particles to form a diffusive crosslinking agent.
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    Long-lived polymer radicals. III.For Part II see ref. 3. Synthesis of block copolymer by the reaction of living poly(N-methylacrylamide) radical with some vinyl monomers (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 819-828 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N-Methylacrylamide (NMAAm) was polymerized quantitatively by using di-tert-butyl peroxide as photosensitizer to be, for the most part, incorporated in living poly(NMAAm) radical. The living polymer radical reacted effectively with acrylate monomers to yield block copolymer. Longer alkyl chain of the acrylate monomer caused a decrease in the conversion of the second monomer. Methacrylate monomers, such as methyl methacrylate and cyclohexyl methacrylate, showed relatively low reactivities in comparison with acrylates. Styrene exhibited a much lower conversion. The resulting block copolymers showed different thermochromic behaviors in methyl benzoate from that of poly(NMAAm). This is explained on the basis of the difference between refractive indexes of the block copolymers and poly(NMAAm).
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    Electrolytically initiated polymerization of N-vinylcarbazole (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 829-835 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polymerization of N-vinylcarbazole was studied systematically using electroinitiation with several quaternary ammonium salts as electrolytes in methylene chloride solution. Polymer was obtained only when the following electrolytes were used: tetraethylammonium perchlorate, tetrabutylammonium perchlorate, and tetrabutylammonium fluoroborate. Polymeric products of molecular weight 104-105 were formed in the anodic compartment of a divided cell. IR and 13C-NMR spectra showed that the structures of the polymers were similar to those produced by conventional cationic polymerization, which suggests a similar mechanism for the resulting anodic product.
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    Selective surface modification of polymers by means of hydrogen and oxygen plasmasThis is Part XXXVII of the series ESCA Applied to Polymers. (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 837-853 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An ESCA investigation has been made of the changes in surface functionalization for a series of polymers effected by means of low-powered inductively coupled rf plasmas excited in hydrogen and oxygen. Reactions in each case are confined to the outermost surfaces of the polymer films and the use of oxygen plasmas leads to extensive oxidative functionalization. Bisphenol-A polycarbonate and polyethylene terephthalate exhibit similar overall reactivities to both oxygen and hydrogen plasmas, while polystyrene is shown to be substantially more reactive than high-density polyethylene to the plasma treatments of interest in this work. Comparison has been made of the effects of straight hydrogen and oxygen plasmas and of sequential hydrogen/oxygen and oxygen/hydrogen plasma treatments.
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    Cation binding properties of crown ether-modified polyethylenimines (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 855-864 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Crown ether-modified polyethylenimines (PEI-CR) were prepared to elucidate their cation binding efficiency and selectivity by liquid-liquid and solid-liquid extraction methods. With alkali metal cations it was found that polyethylenimines containing benzo-15-crown-5 moieties (Ia and Ib) extracted all cations examined more efficiently than their monomeric analogs, especially in the cases of K+ and Rb+ cations. The solid-liquid extraction revealed clearly that the polymers complexed with K+ and Rb+ cations according to a 1:2 cation-to-crown stoichiometry. The high selectivities of the polymers for K+ and Rb+ were interpreted in terms of the favourable conformation of the polymer chain for the formation of intramolecular 1:2 complexes. On the contrary, these polymers bound alkali earth cations less effectively with low selectivities.
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    Properties of polyimide films doped with copper complexes (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 865-881 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyimide films based on either 3, 3′, 4, 4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or pyromellitic dianhydride with 4,4′-oxydianiline have been doped with copper(I) and copper(II) complexes. High-quality, flexible, glass-cast films have been obtained which exhibit increased softening temperatures and lower polymer decomposition temperatures. The atmosphere and glass sides of the films are quite different. The copper(I) dopant is oxidized on the air side of the film, while the glass side contains predominantly copper (I). In the copper(II) case most of the copper appears on the air side as a silvery substance in the Cu(II) state. Chemical as well as ion etching can remove this material. Electrical resistivity of the copper(II)-doped films is decreased by three to five orders of magnitude relative to the polymer alone.
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    Radiation-induced oxidation of polymers. Effect of antioxidant and antirad agent on oxygen consumption and gas evolution (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1173-1181 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effects of antioxidants and of an antirad agent mixed in polyethylene and ethylene-propylene copolymer were investigated by means of oxygen consumption and gas evolution. The antioxidants were NBC, Irganox 1010, and DPPD, and the antirad agent was propyl fluoranthene (PFR). A small amount of the antioxidant (0.5 phr) in polymer decreased oxygen consumption by one-half or one-third compared with pure polymer, but the activity was lost with increasing irradiation. The antirad agent also decreased oxygen consumption and it was assumed to act as the energy transfer agent in the polymer matrix.
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    The investigation of chemically crosslinked polypropylene by spin-lattice relaxation time (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1195-1201 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Our previous NMR investigations of chemically crosslinked polypropylene (PP) were focused mainly on testing the relation between NMR relaxation times as a function of crosslinking compound concentrations and the influence of structural factors found by this method on mechanical and other properties of this polymer.1,2 In these investigations, however, we did not consider the state of mobility of any part of the polypropylene chain under the influence of the network; therefore in this article we have attempted a clarification of this problem.
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    Optical activity of alternating copolymers of chiral α-olefins with alkyl acrylates (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1203-1215 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of high-molecular-weight substantially alternating copolymers of alkyl acrylates with optically active α-olefins is reported. “Induced optical activity” on the side-chain ester chromophores, depending on the chemical structure of the chiral α-olefin, is indicated by CD measurements. Data are reported supporting the conclusion that this induced optical activity is related to a preferential chiral conformation of the macromolecules due to a cooperative effect.
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    Hydrogen transfer during propagation of the phillips catalyst (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1217-1221 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Polyacrylonitrile fibers treated by hydrazine hydrate as a basis for the production of carbon fibers (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1223-1226 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210429
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    Synthesis of a new azopolyamide-hydrazide (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1227-1231 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    Effect of additives on photocrosslinking of poly(2, 3-epithiopropyl methacrylate) (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1233-1237 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    Condensation polymerization of oligomeric polydimethylsiloxanols in aqueous emulsion (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1239-1239 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210432
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    Synthesis of benzylidene-pendant polyphthalimidines from flexible bisphthalides and various diamines (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1241-1249 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New polyphthalimidine-forming monomers, 5,5′-(oxydi-p-phenylenedicarbonyl)bis(3-benzylidenephthalide) and the 6,6′-derivative, were synthesized by the Friedel-Crafts reaction of diphenyl ether with 5- and 6-chloroformyl-3-benzylidenephthalide, respectively. The direct polycondensation of these bisphthalides with both aliphatic and aromatic diamines in o-phenylphenol at 200-250°C afforded polyphthalimidines having inherent viscosities of 0.2-1.2 dL/g in almost quantitative yields. Syntheses of aliphatic polyphthalimidines with higher inherent viscosities were also achieved by a two-step procedure involving ring-opening polyaddition and subsequent thermal cyclodehydration. All the polymers were amorphous and readily soluble in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), m-cresol, nitrobenzene, pyridine, and chloroform. Tough and flexible films could be cast from NMP solutions of the polymers. Glass transition temperatures of the polyphthalimidines were in the range of 158-246°C. The thermogravimetry of the aromatic polymers showed 10% weight loss in air and nitrogen at 445-515 and 500-520°C, respectively. The crosslinking reaction of some benzylidenependant polyphthalimidines took place at 300°C through double-bond addition to afford cured polymers with improved thermal stability.
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    Polycarbonate-poly(methyl methacrylate) block copolymers: Synthesis and characterization (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1251-1261 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The interfacial copolymerization of bisphenol A polycarbonate, bisphenol A-terminated poly-(methyl methacrylate), and bisphenol A bischloroformate is described. Monofunctional hydroxy-terminated poly(methyl methacrylates) were synthesized by the chain transfer polymerization of methyl methacrylate with 2-mercaptoethanol. Further reaction with bisphenol A bischloroformate yielded monofunctional bisphenol A-terminated poly(methyl methacrylates). The structure and functionality of these polymers were proven by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (PNMR) spectroscopy. Block copolymers prepared by the interfacial copolymerization were washed with methanol and extracted with acetone to remove unreacted bisphenol A bischloroformate and bisphenol A-terminated poly(methyl methacrylates). The series of block copolymers, which contained from 0.11 to 0.86 mole fraction polycarbonate, were characterized by infrared, PNMR, and molecular weight analysis.
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    Photocleavage of the acetate of a hydroxyphenyl benzotriazole UV absorber: The search for a photo-Fries rearrangement product (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1263-1271 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The acetate ester of 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methyl phenol [Tinuvin P] upon irradiation, either in methylene chloride solution or in poly(methyl methacrylate) films, undergoes a photocleavage reaction to regenerate Tinuvin P. No photo-Fries rearrangement product can be detected.
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    Investigation of the structure of silk film regenerated with lithium thiocyanate solution (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1273-1280 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Silk fibers of the mulberry (Bombyx Mori) were dissolved in a 70% lithium thiocyanate solution. Dissolved silk was regenerated by casting the films from the solution after dialyzing. The films were investigated by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis. It was found that the freshly prepared film was amorphous. The transformation to the β-form could be brought about by heating, solvent induced crystallization, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and prolonged storage. The mechanism of this transformation is discussed.
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    Siloxane-containing polyenaminoesters (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1305-1314 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyenaminoesters were prepared by condensation of succinyl succinic ester (SSE) and p-bis-carbomethoxy diacetyl benzene (CDB) with 1,3-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane. Conditions of solvent and temperature were discovered which yielded soluble polymer from SSE after heat treatment. CDB yields only tough, rubbery, insoluble products.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210507
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  • 191
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    The synthesis of crosslinked copolymers of maleilated chitosan and acrylamide (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1281-1287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By acylating chitosan with maleic anhydride in formamide medium trisubstituted products (on one amine and two hydroxyl groups of the saccharide unit) have been obtained, as has been confirmed by IR spectroscopy, titration carboxylic groups, and determination of the content of olefin bonds. By copolymerizing trisubstituted maleilated chitosan and acrylamide in water solution crosslinked polymers have been obtained. Their swelling in water decreases with an increase in the share of maleilated chitosan in the initial mixture of reagents and with a decrease in dilution of the initial mixture of reaction components. Consumption of maleilated chitosan double bonds in this case varies from 40 to 70%.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210505
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  • 192
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    Laser-initiated copolymerization of maleic anhydride with styrene, vinyltoluene, and t-butylstyrene (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1315-1329 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Laser-initiated polymerization of charge transfer monomer complexes has been investigated using an argon ion laser. The influence of solvents, monomer feed ratio, and irradiation time on the copolymer yield and composition was evaluated. The polymer yield was found to be directly proportional to the irradiation time and the molar concentration of maleic anhydride in the monomer feed. An enhanced rate of polymerization was obtained by substituting electron donating groups in the donor monomer. Polymerization, initiation, and propagation mechanisms, via charge transfer complexes, have been discussed. Comparison of laser-induced polymerization with UV-induced polymerization suggests that laser initiation is an energy-efficient process.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210508
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  • 193
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    Direct mass spectrometry of polymers. IX.For Part VIII, see ref. 2. Copoly(carbonate-urethanes) prepared by reorganization of polycarbonates with piperazine (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1599-1615 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A detailed analysis of the reaction products generated by reorganization of polycarbonates with piperazine, performed by direct mass spectrometry methods, has shown that this reaction actually follows the pathway postulated and that, at 50% piperazine incorporation level, urethanediphenol compounds are almost exclusively produced. This allowed us to obtain, by repolymerization with phosgene, alternating copoly(carbonate-urethanes) with thermal stabilities comparable to those of the parent polyurethanes. The primary fragmentation mechanisms in the thermal decomposition of these copolymers were studied by direct pyrolysis into the mass spectrometer. Ester exchange reactions predominate here, causing the formation of cyclic oligomers, which are subsequently cleaved to open-chain oligomers containing hydroxyl end groups.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210604
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  • 194
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    Some aspects of tailoring flame retardancy in HET-acid-based flame retardants (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1617-1625 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: HET acid was condensed with either ethylene glycol or 1,4-butanediol to yield the respective oligoesters. These oligoesters were characterized by molecular weight, measured by vapor-pressure osmometry. The degradation mechanism of oligoesters of HET acid with either ethylene glycol or 1,4-butanediol was elucidated. The thermal properties of these polyesters were studied using differential thermal analysis and thermal volatilization analysis. The mechanism of degradation was proposed on the basis of pyrolysis-gas chromatography studies, the degradation products being subsequently identified by mass spectrometry. It turned out that in the course of decomposition, hexachlorocyclopentadiene was formed, which is believed to be the active substance for flame retardance in these systems. The aspect of tailoring flame retardancy by changing the chemical environment, i.e., by using different diols, is discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210605
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  • 195
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    Distributions in nonself-condensing polycondensations: A kinetic approach (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1627-1642 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The size distributions of a number of different polycondensations with nonself-condensing monomers were calculated by a kinetic method. The results of linear polycondensations with and without reversibility or stoichiometry and of multifunctional polycondensations are exactly the same as those obtained by Flory with probability methods and do not differ, when comparable, from the size distributions produced by the polycondensation of self-condensing monomers. Size distributions were also obtained for reactions in which the order of reaction changes with conditions or during reaction. These results clearly show that a Flory distribution is obtained as long as the principle of equal reactivity applies at any given instant, although this reactivity may vary in the course of the reaction.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210606
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  • 196
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    Solid-state thermal polymerization of sodium acrylate (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1657-1664 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Initiation and propagation processes in thermally initiated solid-state polymerization of sodium acrylate have been studied. The kinetics of initiation, followed with the electron spin resonance technique, leads to an activation energy E of 28.8 kcal/mol, which is attributed to the formation of dimeric radicals. The activation energy of 16 ± 1 kcal/mol obtained for the solid-state polymerization of sodium acrylate by chemical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry has been attributed to the propagation process.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210608
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  • 197
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    Polymerization of acrylamide with ceric ion-malic acid redox pair (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1665-1669 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of acrylamide (M) in aqueous sulfuric acid medium initiated with ceric ammonium sulfate-malic acid redox pair was investigated at 35 ± 0.2°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The initiation was caused by the free radical generated by the decomposition of the complex formed between ceric ion and malic acid (MA). The rate of monomer disappearance was proportional to the first power of malic acid, ceric ion, and monomer concentrations at lower ceric ion concentrations. However, at higher ceric ion concentrations the rate was independent of [Ce(IV)]. The rate of ceric ion disappearance was proportional to [MA] and [Ce(IV)] but independent of [M] at lower ceric ion concentrations. The activation energy was found to be 57.74 kJ/mol. Sulfuric acid retarded the reaction. Molecular weights increased with increasing [M] and decreasing [Ce(IV)].
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210609
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  • 198
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    Synthesis, characterization, and solution properties of 5-ethyl-substituted poly(L-prolines). Synthesis of cis- and trans-5-ethyl-L-proline and optically active poly(cis-5-ethyl-D-proline) (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1643-1656 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This article reports a continuation of our work on the substituent effects on the preferred helical conformations and the mutarotation of substituted poly(L-prolines). The size of the substituent has been increased from a methyl group to an ethyl group in the 5 position. The purpose is twofold: (i) according to our theoretical conformational energy calculations, an ethyl group in the 5 position can exert a greater steric effect than can a methyl group; and (ii) the rotation-isomerization of the ethyl group introduces a new intriguing fact to the problem. The cis isomer of 5-ethylproline was synthesized by catalytic hydrogenation of Δ′-2-ethylpyrroline-5-carboxylic acid, whereas for trans-5-ethylproline, a chemical separation method involving p-toluenesulfonyl chloride was used. The resolution of cis-5-ethylproline and the assignment of absolute configurations have been carried out by fractional crystallization and circular dichroism spectroscopic techniques, respectively. Poly(cis-5-ethyl-D-proline) was obtained from its corresponding N-carboxyanhydrides via a ring opening polymerization.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210607
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  • 199
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    The pyrolysis and nonflaming oxidative degradation of poly(vinylfluoride) (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1681-1691 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermal degradation of poly(vinylfluoride) (PVF) was studied under slow heating conditions to 1000°C with and without the presence of air. The degradation products, classified as low-boiling volatiles, high-boiling volatiles, and nonvolatile residues, were analyzed quantitatively by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry and several spectroscopic methods. Initial stages of degradation begin at 420°C with the evolution of HF and benzene and rapidly reach a maximum in sample weight loss by 450°C. One-third of this weight loss was in the form of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and at least 70 low-boiling volatile compounds that consisted of substituted aromatics, unsaturated hydrocarbons, and multiple-ring compounds, many of which contained a fluorine atom. The high-boiling volatile fraction contained compounds with more aliphatic but less aromatic character than the low-boiling. The nonvolatile residue retained 4% of the original fluorine content and exhibited strong unsaturated character. In the presence of oxygen HF, CO, and H2O were the major constituents of the low-boiling volatiles; the organic fraction was essentially unchanged in composition but reduced in overall concentration. The overall weight-loss process was bimodal in air and produced a thermally resistant residue that degraded by 650°C. A comparison of degradation products from poly(vinylchloride) with this work demonstrates that PVF forms more lower-molecular-weight, halogen-containing compounds, whereas the former produced more HCl and nonvolatile residue containing a lower halogen content.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210611
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  • 200
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    Optically active copolymers from p-vinyltrifluoroacetophenone (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1693-1698 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Copolymers of p-vinyltrifluoroacetophenone (VTFA) with optically active (-)-menthyl acrylate (MtA) have been prepared by free radical initiation. The values of reactivity ratios (rVTFA = 4.28 and rMtA = 0.26) indicate that counits are inserted substantially at random into the copolymer macromolecules. CD spectra show a couplet typical of exciton splitting in the absorption region of trifluoromethylphenyl (TFA) chromophore. Dependence of ellipticity on composition and sequence distribution suggests that TFA chromophores are in a chiral environment provided by the dissymmetric conformation of the copolymer macromolecules.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210612
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