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  • General Chemistry  (77,717)
  • SPACE SCIENCES  (12,837)
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  • 101
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    Mariner Mars 1971 mission support (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Mariner Mars 1971 mission support plan modifications and cost reductions by DSN
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: THE DEEP SPACE NETWORK, VOL. 1 15 FEB. 1971; P 4-6
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  • 102
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    DSN functions and facilities (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Deep Space Network functions, and facility operations
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: THE DEEP SPACE NETWORK, VOL. 1 15 FEB. 1971; P 1-3
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  • 103
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    Lunar soil coefficient of friction determined from Surveyor data and laboratory tests (1969)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Coefficient of friction values for lunar soil from laboratory tests and Surveyor data
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: ANALYSIS OF SURVEYOR DATA 30 JUN. 1969; P 67-99
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  • 104
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    Infrared observations in space astronomy (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Observations of infrared radiation from stars and extragalactic objects in space astronomy
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA, WASHINGTON OPT. TELESCOPE TECHNOL. 1970; P 25-32
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  • 105
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    The role of surveys in space astronomy (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Ultraviolet survey work in space astronomy and photographic emulsion detectors
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: OPT. TELESCOPE TECHNOL. 1970; P 17-24
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  • 106
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    Future projects - Geophysical experiments for the manned portion of a lunar roving vehicle mission (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Geophysical experiments for manned portion of future lunar roving vehicle missions
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: SPACE PROGRAMS SUM. NO. 37-61, N70-32267 17-30(
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  • 107
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    Infrared spectroscopy experiment: An overview (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A retrospective look at the operation and results of the experiment is presented. The design and performance of the infrared interferometer spectrometer are discussed along with the results obtained concerning the atmospheric and surface properties.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: JPL Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 5; p 41-52
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  • 108
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    Project objectives and mission profile (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Mission planning, payloads, launch, and orbital insertion are described for Mariner mission 8 and 9. Mission sequences and planet coverage as a function of time in orbit are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 5; p 1-11
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  • 109
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    Ejecta blankets of large craters exemplified by King Crater, part N (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Investigations were made into the details of ejecta blankets of large fresh craters in an effort to provide insight into deposition mechanics and sequence of impact debris emplacement. King Crater, photographed by Apollo 16, served as the investigative tool.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 8 p
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  • 110
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    Ranger and other impact craters photographed by Apollo 16, part J (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The Apollo 16 crew photographed an unusual variety of impact craters, including the two craters produced by the impacts of Ranger 7 and 9 spacecraft, small craters produced by boulders as they bounced downslope, craters with marked bilateral symmetry, and primary craters with a wide range of morphologies and sizes. Ranger impact craters and examples of other craters are briefly discussed. This photography has supplied important new data on craters in the lunar surface. Continued study of these craters and use of the metrical capabilities of the metric and panoramic camera photography will yield additional scientific results on lunar craters.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 6 p
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  • 111
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    Discovery of two lunar features, part H (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Study of the Apollo 16 photographs resulted in the discovery of two large features in the far side highlands near the eastern limb of the moon not indicated on existing lunar maps and charts. The larger unnamed feature is a three-ringed 1000 km diameter basin, and the smaller feature is a 200 km diameter crater that is located between the eastern middle and outer rings of this basin. This crater surrounds Becvar Crater. Since these newly discovered features are large enough and significant enough to warrant the assignment of names, the following names have been recommended to the Committee on Nomenclature of the IAU for consideration. Arabia is the name suggested for the newly-found basin to honor Arab contributions to astronomy. Rupes Sibericus (Siberian Scarp) is suggested for the 1 km high scarp that borders the eastern part of the middle ring of the basin. Rupes Apalaches (Appalachian Scarp) was suggested for the 2 km high scarp that borders the western part of the middle ring of the basin. Necho has been suggested for the new found 200 km diameter crater between the eastern middle and outer rings of the basin.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 6 p
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  • 112
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    Lunar secondary craters, part K (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Formation of V-shaped structures surrounding the fresh Copernicus Crater and its secondary craters are reviewed, and preliminary observations of the more extensively eroded secondary crater field of Theophilus are presented. Results of laboratory simulation of secondary lunar craters to examine their effects on V-shaped ridges are also described.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 5 p
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  • 113
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    King Crater and its environs, part M (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Superb photographs of King Crater were returned by the Apollo 16 crew. The metric and panoramic cameras provided stereoscopic coverage with which high quality topographic maps may be made. King crater, approximately 75 km in diameter and, on the average, 3.8 km deep, is among the most significant features photographed and visually studied from lunar orbit on the Apollo 16 mission. It is the freshest crater on the far side in its size range and has several unique characteristics. (1) Although its ejecta blanket displays very sharp features, the crater does not appear to have extensive ray systems and secondary crater chains. (2) As depicted for the first time by Apollo 16 photographs, the ejecta blanket is strewn with numerous flow fronts and scarps. (3) A flat and smooth, dark, lavalike deposit 15 km across is on the northern rim of the crater. (4) The central peak of the crater is a Y-shaped structure that begins at the southern rim. (5) Bright units that are aligned with the central peak on the northern wall and rim suggest that a preexisting tabular body was excavated by the cratering process.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 8 p
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  • 114
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    Gegenschein-Moulton region photography from lunar orbit (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Apollo 16 photography during lunar orbit of the Gegenschein-Moulton region was used to determine the libration points of the Sun-Earth system. Triangulation for the system is discussed, along with background experimental information.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 4 p
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  • 115
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    Passive seismic experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The design, deployment, and operation of the Apollo 16 passive seismic experiment (PSE) are discussed. Since activation, all elements of the PSE have operated as planned, with the exception of the sensor thermal control system. Significant progress in the measurement of meteoroid flux in near-earth space has been made, along with dilineation of active moonquake source regions. The data obtained indicate that moonquakes are concentrated at great depth (800 to 1000 km) and that the apparent disparity between meteoroid flux estimtes based on lunar crater counts and those from earth-based observations can be resolved by seismic measurements in favor of the lower flux indicated by the crater count method. The results obtained from the PSE are summarized and their significance is discussed in detail.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 29 p
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  • 116
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    Cause of secondary magnetization in lunar samples, part C (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The unstable component of the magnetization found in lunar samples was investigated by returning a demagnetized tracer igneous rock sample from Apollo 12 to the moon on Apollo 16. After the return of the sample, the soft component was similar to the original soft component of the first trip. It is concluded that the soft component is an artifact of the trip.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 4 p
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  • 117
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    Crew observations (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The observations by the astronauts on the Apollo 16 flight are reported. Topics discussed include: lunar orbit and landing, surface experiment deployment, lunar traverse geology, EVA-1, EVA-2, EVA-3, orbital observations, and general observations.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 6 p
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  • 118
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    Small scale analogs of the Cayley Formation and Descarts Mountains in impact associated deposits, part C (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The exploration of the Cayley Formation and material of the Descartes Mountains and an understanding of the origin and evolution of these units were primary objectives of the Apollo 16 lunar mission. This section examines several areas associated with impact crater deposits that show small-scale features similar in morphology to the regional characteristics of the Cayley and Descartes units shown in the Apollo 16 photography.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 4 p
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  • 119
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    Photogeology. Part A: Relative ages of some near-side and far-side terra plains based on Apollo 16 metric photography (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Relative age measurements were made for 14 light plains areas, using 30X enlargements of Apollo 16 metric camera photography. Results indicate that: (1) Crater morphology and frequency studies consistently indicate that the Fra Mauro Formation has received 2.5 to 3 times as much impact flux as the Cayley Formation. (2) Crater counts and relative age dating indicate that the Cayley Formation is only slightly older than the oldest mare units. (3) Assuming the rubidium-strontium ages of Apollo 14 basalt breccias give minimum age for Fra Mauro Formation, the Cayley Formation must have been generated throughout a period of less than 100 million years, approximately 3.8 to 3.9 billion years ago. (4) The Cayley Formation ages obtained on the near side and far side are the same, indicating a synchrony throughout the moon in these units. (5) The linear relationship as predicted by the small impact erosion model between net accumulated flux and the maximum diameter of a crater that could be eroded below recognition is confirmed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 4 p
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  • 120
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    Lunar portable magnetometer experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The purpose of the Apollo 16 lunar portable magnetometer (LPM) experiment is to measure the permanent magnetic field at different geological sites on the lunar surface. The LPM field measurements are a vector sum of the steady remanent field from the lunar crust and of the time-varying ambient fields. The remanent magnetic fields measured in the Descartes region are the largest extraterrestrial fields yet measured in situ. These measurements show for the first time that the Descartes highlands have a stronger remanent magnetization than do the mare regions of the previous Apollo landing sites. The experimental technique used in the LPM experiment is described and the preliminary results obtained are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 8 p
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  • 121
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    Operations programming (1967)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-12-01
    Description: Computer programming technology and Surveyor software system, for deep space network
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
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  • 122
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    Atmospheric Phenomena Working Group (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Atmospheric processes on Mars are reported based on atmospheric observations from Mariner 9. Topics discussed include: atmospheric temperature and wind, cloud processes, minor constituents, global dust storm, and surface pressure distribution.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: JPL Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 5; p 99-104
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  • 123
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    Volatiles working group (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The physical behavior of water and carbon dioxide on Mars was studied. Topics discussed include: physics of polar frosts, CO2 budget, atmospheric minor constituents, chemical and physical properties of surface materials, layered deposits, and the role of volatiles in the Martian landscape formation.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 5; p 87-97
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  • 124
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    Surface properties working group (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The objectives of the Mars surface properties working group are described. The objectives were: (1) determine a simple reference surface that would adequately represent the shape of the planet for cartographic purposes; (2) monitor the topographic results and to assess the relative calibration and accuracies of these techniques, thereby leading to a composite topographic map of the planet; and (3) facilitate the exchange of data in closely connected disciplines. The shape, topography, and isobaric surface are discussed along with the gravity field, and crustal density model. It was found that there is no simple reference figure for the planetary surface, although an offset, triaxial ellipsoid is adequate for most purposes.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 5; p 81-85
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  • 125
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    Whiskers on the moon (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The existence of whiskers on lunar soil grains was observed. It is hypothesized that the fibers on these particles are whiskers that grew from clouds of vaporized lunar rock during macro-sized cratering events.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 236-238
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  • 126
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    Surveyor 3 material analysis plan, Appendix B (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The Surveyor 3 material analysis plan is composed of a series of comprehensive charts of all science and engineering investigations reported. The plan progresses from left to right on each figure. Each test was designed to ensure that the subsequent tests would not be significantly affected by those that preceded it. Each box represents one or more tasks performed by the individual or firm named at the lower left. The upper-right corner shows the amount and type of material subjected to the test or tests listed within the box.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 261-277
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  • 127
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    Lunar surface: Changes in 31 months and micrometeoroid flux (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A preliminary comparison of Surveyor 3 and Apollo 12 photographs of areas disturbed by the Surveyor is described. About 60 Surveyor pictures taken in April and May 1967 and 20 Apollo photographs including stereo pairs were examined in detail. Only one definite change in the surface, other than those produced by astronauts, was noted. This is a particle about 2 mm in diameter which appears in the Apollo photographs of a Surveyor footpad imprint but which does not appear in the Surveyor photographs. The walls made by Surveyor footpads and surface sampler were still in place, and surface areas darkened by ejected fines during the Surveyor landing still appeared dark. The absence of detectable craters in the footpad imprint implies a very low micrometeorite flux on the lunar surface.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 173-176
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  • 128
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    Movement of the Surveyor 3 spacecraft (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: It was concluded that the Surveyor 3 spacecraft moved, probably as a result of a sudden failure of the leg 3 shock absorber, between May 1967 and November 1969. The time at which the movement occurred can be estimated only from comparison of the shielded and unshielded portions of footpad 3 and a knowledge of the mechanism and rate of the process that tans the painted surface.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 114-119
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  • 129
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    Low-temperature oxygen-plasma effects on surveyor plasmo-clay coating (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The objective was to determine whether the reflectance of the degraded plasmo-clay thermal control coating could be restored by exposing it to an oxygen plasma. An experiment was conducted to determine whether bulk radiation damage would be removed by a reabsorption of oxygen ions into the pigment crystal lattice. Results show that the oxygen plasma treatment can eliminate some of the lunar environment-induced degradation on the plasmo-clay coating. Visual observations of the lunar soil on the surface after plasma treatment indicated that it was still highly absorbent to light. Therefore, part of the residual discoloration could be due to lunar soil.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 96-100
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  • 130
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    Changes in optical properties of the Surveyor 3 camera (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The measurements made to analyze changes in the camera's optical performance involved the following areas: (1) spectral reflectance (specular), (2) gonioreflectance, (3) ellipsometry, (4) spectral transmission, (5) contrast and modulation transfer, and (6) photography (macro and micro).
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 60-76
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  • 131
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    Dynamic considerations of dust on the television camera mirror (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The mirror on the Surveyor 3 television camera was subjected to tests which modified its surface. Lunar dust was removed by rubbing, by acetate and metallic film stripping techniques, rinsing, scraping, and by inadvertently touching the surface. A second shadow line was revealed. Second and third generation peels were taken across the upper shadow line, and a study was made in order to define the source(s) or events(s) responsible for creating the two shadow lines occurring on the lower part of the mirror.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 51-59
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  • 132
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    Spectral structure of the diffuse X-ray sky (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A description of diffuse celestial X-ray flux is drawn from data taken by rocket borne detectors. It was concluded that the diffuse flux is intra- and extra-galactic in origin and is caused by Compton scattering of .052 rad black body photons of relativistic electrons leaking out of the galaxies.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci., 1970; p 200-203
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  • 133
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    Interplanetary cosmic dust flux (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Pioneer 8 and 9 measured cosmic dust flux rate data are in agreement with astronomy theory, zodiacal light measurements, and ground-based observations, but differ markedly from the high flux rates deduced from earlier in situ measurements. As many as seven orders-of-magnitude separate the small particle end of the high and low flux curves. It was concluded that the data from the multicoincidence cosmic dust sensors have not only measured very low flux for micrometeorites, which is in keeping with astronomy theory, but have also shown how a high flux theory may be based on faulty data.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci., 1970; p 112-117
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  • 134
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    Search for magnetic monopoles in the moon (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A search was made for the possible existence of magnetic monopoles on the moon using magnetic observations from magnetometer experiments on Explorer 33 and 35. A series of 37 orbital plots were analyzed and it was determined that the net number of magnetic monopoles was less than 1 per 10 to the 7th power cc. This is equivalent to the difference in the number of northern and southern magnetic monopoles within the moon being less than 1 per 10 to the 31st power nucleons. Searches for monopoles from lunar samples have also proven negative.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci., 1970; p 98-102
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  • 135
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    Mascon distribution on the moon (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Results concerning the distribution of mascons on the moon have been obtained from an analysis of Apollo 8, 10, 11, and 12 lunar orbit missions. It was concluded that the tugging and pulling by the moon on the orbit plane of the Apollo spacecraft yields qualitative information concerning the distribution of the mascons.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci., 1970; p 92-97
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  • 136
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    Blowing of lunar soil by Apollo 12: Surveyor3 evidence (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: It is shown that the discoloration pattern of the Surveyor 3 camera provides evidence that the camera surface was whitened by the impact of particles blown from the lunar surface by the exhaust of the lunar module as it landed. It also indicates the velocity and direction at which these particles were ejected.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 94-96
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  • 137
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    Selected volcanic features, part L (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Volcanic features obtained from a preliminary examination of Apollo 15 orbital photographs are described. Of particular interest are the features photographed in the vicinity of the far-side crater basin Tsiolkovsky. The photographs indicate that smooth, plains-forming material is present in parts of the ejecta blanket southeast of the basin rim. A debris flow on the northwestern part of the rim is also depicted. The usefulness of near-terminator photography is evidenced by the fact that numerous flow fronts not seen in photographs taken at higher angles of illumination are clearly visible. It is concluded that the presence of so many fronts confirms the belief that multiple flows are responsible for the filling of lunar mare basins.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 2 p
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    Visual observations from lunar orbit, part A (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Visual observations from Apollo 15 lunar orbits are discussed, complementing photographic and other remotely sensed data. Color tone of surface units, global tectonic trends, and small scale features are considered. Visual observations were made on Tsiolkovsky Crater, swirls in Mare Marginis, Picard Crater region, Proclus Crater, Littrow Crater area, landing site area, flow fronts in Mare Imbrium, and Aristarchus Plateau.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 26 p
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  • 139
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    Lunar orbital mass spectrometer experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The experiment to measure the composition and distribution of the ambient lunar atmosphere by mass spectrometer is reported. The lunar orbital mass spectrometer is described along with the calibration procedures for the instrument. Preliminary results indicate that a large number of gas molecules were observed in the vicinity of the spacecraft in lunar orbit. Many of these molecules are considered to be of spacecraft origin.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 7 p
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  • 140
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    Subsatellite measurements of plasmas and solar particles (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The experiment with the small scientific subsatellite which was launched into lunar orbit from Apollo 15 is described. The subsatellite was designed to measure plasma and energetic-particle fluxes, vector magnetic fields, and velocity of the subsatellite for determining lunar gravitational anomalies. The theory of particle-shadow formation by the moon solar wind electrons, and energetic-electron fluxes in interplanetary space are discussed along with an analysis of the initial data.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 14 p
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  • 141
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    Laser ranging retroreflector (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: The lunar laser ranging retroreflector (LRRR) experiments to define the motion of the moon in its orbit are described, and the properties of the LRRR arrays and ground-station operation are discussed. It is concluded that primary benchmarks on the lunar surface are provided by the Apollo 11 and 14 arrays, and the placement of the Apollo 15 reflector.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept. te; 6 p
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  • 142
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    Solar wind spectrometer experiment (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: With the deployment of the Apollo 15 lunar surface experiments package, two identical solar-wind spectrometers (SWS), separated by approximately 1100 km, are now on the lunar surface. The spectrometers provide the first opportunity to measure the properties of the solar plasma simultaneously at two locations a fixed distance apart. It is hoped that these simultaneous observations will yield new information about the plasma and its interaction with the Moon and the geomagnetic field. At the time of preparation of this report, magnetic tapes of only 20 hours of simultaneous data had been received. These data are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 7 p
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  • 143
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    Preliminary examination of lunar samples (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The morphology, mineralogy, petrology, and chemistry of the samples returned from the Apollo 15 landing site are discussed. A selenological description of the area from which the samples were taken is given. The diversity of the samples and the variety of sample environments found at the Apollo 15 site have resulted in several hypotheses that relate individual samples to local situations after even a preliminary examination of the samples. Several somewhat speculative hypotheses that relate individual samples to a geological framework are discussed in the hope that the hypotheses will provide guidelines for more detailed studies of the samples to arrive at an integrated understanding of the selenology of the Apollo 15 site.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept. te; 25 p
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  • 144
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    Crew observations (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Crew observations of the Apollo 15 flight are presented. The observations are concerned with the following phases of the flight: (1) translunar and transearth coasts, (2) lunar landing and ascent, (3) standup extravehicular activity, (4) surface experiment deployment, (5) lunar traverse geology, and (6) orbital observations.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 4 p
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  • 145
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    Adiabatic invariance (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Theoretical work designed to bridge the gap between celestial mechanics and the motion of charged particles in magnetic fields is presented. Attempts are made to devise a simple uninvolved method to solve adiabatic invariant motion problems. The method is illustrated by solving a problem involving the motion of a slowly perturbed harmonic oscillator.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci., 1970; p 71-74
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  • 146
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    Some physical properties of Apollo 12 lunar samples (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The size distribution of the lunar fines is measured, and small but significant differences are found between the Apollo 11 and 12 samples as well as among the Apollo 12 core samples. The observed differences in grain size distribtuion in the core samples are related to surface transportation processes, and the importance of a sedimentation process versus meteoritic impact gardening of the mare grounds is discussed. The optical and the radio frequency electrical properties are measured and are also found to differ only slightly from Apollo 11 results.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Res. on Lunar Mater.; p 2-24
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  • 147
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    Photographic summary (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The photographic objectives of the Apollo 15 mission were designed to support a wide variety of scientific and operational experiments, to provide high-resolution panoramic photographs and precisely oriented metric photographs of the lunar surface, and to document operational tasks on the lunar surface and in flight. Detailed premission planning integrated the photographic tasks with the other mission objectives to produce a balanced mission that has returned more data than any previous space voyage. The return of photographic data was enhanced by new equipment, the high latitude of the landing site, and greater time in lunar orbit. New camera systems that were mounted in the scientific instrument module (SIM) bay of the service module provided a major photographic capability that was not available on any previous lunar mission, manned or unmanned.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept. te; 32 p
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  • 148
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    Mariner Venus-Mercury 1973 midcourse velocity requirements and delivery accuracy (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The primary mission is described, which consists of encounters with Venus and Mercury; (a second encounter with Mercury is also possible). The exptected navigation sequences were simulated with a Monte Carlo computer program for the purpose of determining midcourse correction velocity requirements and delivery accuracies. These simulations provide sensitivity in velocity requirements and delivery accuracies to error sources affecting the navigation process. The orbit determination capability at the final pre-Venus maneuver is shown to be the dominant contributor to the velocity requirements for the primary mission. Similarly, the orbit determination capability at the final pre-Mercury maneuver is shown to be the dominant contributor to the delivery accuracy at Mercury.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: JPL Quart. Tech. Rev., Vol. 1, No. 4; p 104-115
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  • 149
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    Lunar surface magnetometer experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The Apollo 15 lunar-surface magnetometer (LSM) is one of a network of magnetometers that have been deployed on the moon to study intrinsic remanent magnetic fields and global magnetic response of the moon to large-scale solar and terrestrial magnetic fields. From these field measurements, properties of the lunar interior such as magnetic permeability, electrical conductivity, and temperature can be calculated. In addition, correlation with solar-wind-spectrometer data allows study of the the solar-wind plasma interaction with the moon and, in turn, investigation of the resulting absorption of gases and accretion of an ionosphere. These physical parameters and processes determined from magnetometer measurements must be accounted for by comprehensive theories of origin and evolution of the moon and solar system.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept. te; 16 p
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  • 150
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    Passive seismic experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The establishment of a network of seismic stations on the lunar surface as a result of equipment installed by Apollo 12, 14, and 15 flights is described. Four major discoveries obtained by analyzing seismic data from the network are discussed. The use of the system to detect vibrations of the lunar surface and the use of the data to determine the internal structure, physical state, and tectonic activity of the moon are examined.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 25 p
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  • 151
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    Summary of scientific results (1972)
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    Description: The major scientific results of the Apollo 15 flight are summarized. The objectives of the flight are given as: (1) to carry out extensive geological exploration, comprehensive sampling, and photographic documentation of the Apennine Front at Hadley Delta, Hadley Rille, and the mare plain, (2) to emplace the ALSEP near the landing site, and (3) to perform a series of survey experiments with the scientific instrument module (SIM) equipment from lunar orbit and during transearth coast.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 12 p
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  • 152
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    Cape photographic catalogues (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A history and discussion of the photographic star catalog work at the Cape Observatory is given.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 197-199
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  • 153
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    Plans for a standard region for long focus astrographs (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The construction of a catalog of precise star positions in the region of Praesepe is proposed. A list of the 408 stars to be included is given. The program stars were chosen on the basis of their position, magnitude and color, and the availability of accurate early epoch positions. The present status of the project is noted.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 191-196
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  • 154
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    The AGK3, a basis for a general (northern) reference catalogue of positions and proper motions (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The original concept of the international AGK3 program is presented and a report on the methods applied and on the progress of the work is given. The results in the form of revised positions of the AGK2 reduced to the FK4 system, and of AGK3, can be extrapolated easily to earlier epochs, as far back as those of AGK1, and the mean error for these epochs will permit one the deriving of reliable values for systematic corrections of the old catalogs. By using the AGK2/3 positions a general catalog of roughly to the ninth magnitude can be constructed by including large catalogs such as AGK1, AC, and Yale. Thus a new edition of the type of the SAO catalog for the northern hemisphere can be produced.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 161-168
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  • 155
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    Applications of presently planned interplanetary missions to testing gravitational theories (1971)
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A summary of the probable interplanetary missions for the 1970's is presented, which may prove useful in testing the general theory of relativity. Mission characteristics are discussed, as well as instrumentation. This last includes a low-level accelerometer and S-/X-band transponders and antennas.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Proc of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 213-221
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  • 156
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    Experiment S010: Agena micrometeorite collection (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A study was made of the micrometeoroid content of the upper atmosphere and the near-earth space environment. Highly polished collection surfaces attached to the target docking adapter (TDA) were exposed to micrometeorite impact and debris collection during the Gemini 8, 9, and 10 missions. Also, the device was attached to the Gemini Agena target vehicle (GATV) during the Gemini 12 mission. The effects of space environment exposure on viable microorganisms were recorded. No substantive data regarding space environment micrometeorite content were derived from the Gemini 9 or 12 missions. However, some substantive data were obtained from the experiment package that was retrieved from the Gemini 10 mission. The micrometeorite-flux values obtained were in general agreement with values obtained from previous experiments by the use of other experimental equipment. The microorganisms that were retrieved from the Gemini 10 experiment package did not survive. However, the same kinds of specimens inside the package had good survival rates. Upon initial analysis, it appeared that the closed-cover shielding was a contributing factor in the protection and survival of the microorganisms.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 303-312
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  • 157
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    Inversion of very large matrices encountered in large scale problems of photogrammetry and photographic astrometry (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The simultaneous adjustment of very large nets of overlapping plates covering the celestial sphere becomes computationally feasible by virtue of a twofold process that generates a system of normal equations having a bordered-banded coefficient matrix, and solves such a system in a highly efficient manner. Numerical results suggest that when a well constructed spherical net is subjected to a rigorous, simultaneous adjustment, the exercise of independently established control points is neither required for determinancy nor for production of accurate results.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 249-267
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  • 158
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    Recent progress on the Yale zone catalogues (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The measurement or reduction of stars in southern zones is reported. The catalog for the -35 deg to -40 deg zone is rapidly nearing completion. All the reductions and comparisons with other catalogs have been completed. The tables and star charts are being prepared in final form for publication.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 173-180
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  • 159
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    Comparison of the SAO and AGK3R star catalogues (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The SAO star catalog positions from the GC and the AGK2 and Yale photographic catalogs are compared with the AGK3R catalog. Both catalogs are alleged to be on the system of the FK4. When the differences are considered as accidental errors, the mean errors deduced for positions from the SAO at the epoch 1958.5 range from 0.61 seconds to 0.25 seconds. The systematic differences in right ascension between SAO and AGK3R positions to the north of 60 deg declination indicate that each SAO source represents the FK4 somewhat differently than the AGK3R.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 181-190
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  • 160
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    The origin and goals of the automated stellar proper motion survey (1971)
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The historical background of the automation of the stellar proper motion survey is traced from its beginnings to the taking of the series of plates with the 48 inch Schmidt telescope at Mount Palomar covering 77% of the sky with 936 plates. The design goal for the automation is the documentation of the proper motions of stars from tenth through twentieth red magnitude. A typical scanning time for a pair of 14 inch star plates is projected to be about 45 minutes with the total processing time estimated at between one and two years for the complete set of plates.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 1-3
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  • 161
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    Anchoring spacecraft to planets (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: For planet tracking, the immense mass relative to applied nongravitational forces (for even the smaller asteroids) removes limitations on the ability to model orbital motion mathematically. A lander on a natural satellite (other than the moon) would not suffer from nongravitational effects, and would further have a large mean motion, which is important for observing gravitational effects. The tracking of a Mars lander over a long period would yield conclusions in the areas of relativity (determination of the parameter beta), the inertial framework, Mars' internal structure (based on the polar moment), and Mars' physical ephemeris.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 244-248
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  • 162
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    Experiment D012: Astronaut maneuvering unit (1971)
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: All astronaut maneuvering unit systems used during the Gemini 9 mission were in an acceptable condition for flight when the evaluation was terminated. Some difficulty was experienced with reception of the voice signal by the command pilot. All of the donning provisions are apparently practical in the orbital environment; however, the donning activities were more difficult to perform than had been experienced in the one-g and zero-g training exercises. Lighting was marginal because of the failure of one adapter floodlight and one penlight. The crewmembers reported a tendency for the extravehicular activity pilot and any loose equipment to move outward from the earth relative to the spacecraft. This tendency affected activities at a work station and maneuvering in an extravehicular environment.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 523-554
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  • 163
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    Explosives and the lunar environment (1970)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Conventional and nuclear explosive applications in lunar exploration
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA, WASHINGTON PROC. OF THE 7TH ANN. WORKING GROUP ON EXTRATERREST. RESOURCES 1970; P 117-118
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  • 164
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    Early water mining on the moon (1970)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: Lunar water mining methods and equipment
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA, WASHINGTON PROC. OF THE 7TH ANN. WORKING GROUP ON EXTRATERREST. RESOURCES 1970; P 119-129
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  • 165
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    Lunar soil bulk density as determined from Surveyor data and laboratory tests (1969)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Lunar soil bulk density and coefficient of friction derived from laboratory tests and Surveyor data
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: ANALYSIS OF SURVEYOR DATA 30 JUN. 1969; P 35-65
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  • 166
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    Systems analysis research (1970)
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    Description: Equations of lunar motion, measurement of solar angular momentum, probability of electricity propulsion system failure, and smoothing of sequentially correlated processes
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: SPACE PROGRAMS SUM. NO. 37-61, VOL. 3 28 FEB. 1970; P 252-262
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  • 167
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    Bioscience - Analysis of the atmosphere of Jupiter - Requirements for a combined atmospheric gas chromatographic mass spectrometer (1970)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Proposed dual column gas chromatographic mass spectrometer for analyzing Jupiter atmosphere
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: SPACE PROGRAMS SUM. NO. 37-61, VOL. 3 28 FEB. 1970; P 5-7
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  • 168
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    Infrared radiometry experiment (1973)
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    Description: The objectives of the experiment are discussed. These objectives were: (1) measure the thermophysical properties of the Martian surface on a global scale; (2) isolate large-scale irregularities in the global picture; and (3) isolate small-scale hot or cold spots on the surface.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 5; p 37-40
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  • 169
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    Celestial mechanics experiment (1973)
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    Description: The efforts and accomplishments of the CME Team are summarized. The objectives and experiment status, gravity field of Mars, test of general relativity, and the generation of normal points are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 5; p 13-31
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  • 170
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    Frequency distributions of lunar slopes, part C (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: The metric and panoramic cameras aboard the Apollo 16 spacecraft provided photographs on which photogrammetric techniques may be used to obtain precise measurements of horizontal distances and elevations. It is reported that these measurements may in turn be used to obtain slope-frequency distributions of lunar surfaces at various slope lengths and for various types of terrain and geologic map units. Bistatic radar and photoclinometric methods were also used to obtain the same data.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 6 p
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  • 171
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    Low relief features in terrain of the Decartes region and other areas: Near terminator photography, part U (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Primary efforts were made to outline areas where low-relief features in the Apollo 16 landing site and associated plains and mare units were intensified in near-terminator photography. A description and, in some cases, a preliminary interpretation of several of these areas is included in an attempt to provide additional data relevant to the interpretation of the hills, plains, and associated units investigated on the Apollo 16 mission. Near-terminator photography for areas discussed is listed in a table.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 7 p
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  • 172
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    Planimetric shapes of lunar rilles, part Q (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Selected Apollo 16 photographs of lunar rilles have been analyzed with a new technique that includes a finite Fourier analysis. Preliminary results suggest that it will be possible to classify rilles quantitatively by their planimetric shape. Shapes of possible terrestrial analogs for lunar rilles also can be compared to the shapes of lunar rilles by using this new technique. Preliminary results also suggest that the new technique may be useful for demonstrating structural control of shape of lunar rilles.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 9 p
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  • 173
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    Orientale Basin deposits (Riccioli area) in Apollo 16 earthshine photography, part E (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Interpretations of photography of Orientale Basin deposits obtained under earthshine illumination conditions during the Apollo 16 mission are presented. Although the quality of these photographs is less than that obtainable in sunshine, these regions are in the dark during Apollo missions because of the locations of the Apollo landing sites. Photography of these regions under different lighting geometry and from different viewpoints is therefore a useful addition to previous photographic data. Oblique photography was obtained of Riccioli Crater and adjacent areas, which lie northeast of the Orientale Basin.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 3 p
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  • 174
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    Descartes highlands: Possible analogs around the Orientale Basin, part D (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Two possible analogs, although not entirely satisfactory, offer reasonable alternatives to the volcanic interpretation of the Descartes highlands. Reconsideration of this complex terrain, prompted by the preliminary results of the Apollo 16 mission, will lead to the revision of some theories on lunar volcanism and also to a better understanding of the landforms caused by the formation of multi-ring basins.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 4 p
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  • 175
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    Apollo window meteoroid experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The Apollo window meteoroid experiment is described which uses the Apollo command module heat shield window surfaces to obtain information about the flux of meteoroids with masses of 10 to the minus 7th power g and less; to examine the residue and the morphology of the craters produced by these meteoroid; to obtain information regarding the dynamic and physical properties of the meteoroids; and to discover possible correlations with the lunar-rock-crater studies. Photographs are included.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 10 p
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  • 176
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    Cayley formation interpreted as basin ejecta, part B (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Improved information on the morphology and distribution of the Cayley Formation, provided by Apollo 16 orbital photography, leads to a concept in which the Cayley Formation was deposited as fluidized debris that traveled beyond the presently recognizable extent of the Imbrium Basin ejecta. By this hypothesis, each basin-forming event produced thick plains deposits in a belt peripheral to the continuous ejecta blanket and may have deposited a thinner layer in pools over the entire moon. Thus, each patch of terra plains is likely to be underlain by a sequence of fluidized ejecta deposits, which were derived from most or all multi-ring basins younger than the occupied depression. If the light color of the plains results from a high feldspar content of the excavated crustal rocks, an explanation of the absence of exposed pre-Cayley mare rocks may be that they are buried or dusted over.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 9 p
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  • 177
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    Photographic summary (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The photographic objectives and the photographic equipment of the Apollo 16 flight are described. Translunar and lunar module/lunar surface photography are presented along with the command and service module orbital and transearth photography.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 32 p
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  • 178
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    Mission description (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The Apollo 16 flight is described. The objectives, lunar surface activites, lunar orbital experiments, service module orbital photographic tasks, and command module photographic tasks are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept. te]; 10 p
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  • 179
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    Apollo 16 special samples, part B (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Information is presented concerning special samples which were collected for specific investigations. The methods of sample collection are described along with fillet and core samples.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 31 p
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  • 180
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    Topographic mapping of the Apollo 16 landing site (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The techniques are described for obtaining high resolution photographs from the Apollo 14 lunar orbiter for topographic mapping of the Descartes landing site for use in planning Apollo 16. The Apollo 16 spacecraft landed approximately 250 m from the selected target point, and few topographic surprises were encountered.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 2 p
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  • 181
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    Microcrater investigations on Surveyor 3 material (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Screws 9 and 23 from Surveyor 3 were examined with a scanning electron microscope for micrometeorite impact features. Six craters on one of the screws appear to be low velocity impact craters, and a flux for about 0.12 sq cm was calculated to be 0.005/sq m/sec for particle diameter or = 1 micron. Two interpretations are considered: (1) The impacts were produced by interplanetary particles and the flux indicates that deviation from the normal distribution exists only for particles below 1 micron in diameter. (2) Most of the craters were produced by secondary lunar debris, and the flux represents the upper limit for interplanetary particles.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 167-172
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  • 182
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    Gamma-ray fluxes (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The design and development of detectors to analyze gamma rays greater than 20 MeV are reported. Efforts were made to identify and verify the existence of galactic gamma radiation from the galactic disc, provide information on its spectral and spatial distribution, and determine the source of gamma ray emission from the galactic plane in the direction of the galactic center. Results verify the existence of gamma radiation from the galactic disc, indicate that limits are placed on the angular width of observed line intensity, and indicate a probable flattening of the energy below 100 MeV.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci., 1970; p 204-208
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  • 183
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    Crater shadowing effects at low sun angles, part Q (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A comparison of Apollo 15 lunar surface photographs taken at low sun-elevation angles with photographs of an experimentally cratered surface at low lighting angles is discussed. The comparison revealed marked similarities, the most significant being that the smallest craters in both sets of photographs are filled with shadows that form beadlike chains and clusters. It was also found that the fraction of area covered by shadows within the smaller craters is so large that 30 to 40 percent of the total field of view is covered by shadow. It is concluded that: the fraction of area covered by resolvable craters, which should be somewhat less than the fraction of area covered by shadow for photographs with very low sun elevation angles, may be calculated using the steady state crater frequency distribution for craters from 20 to 100 m in diameter and then adding the area covered by larger craters for which the crater frequency distribution has the form of the crater-production frequency distribution.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 3 p
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  • 184
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    An unusual mare feature, part N (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: During rapid scanning of the Apollo 15 panoramic camera photography, a peculiar feature was noted in a small patch of mare material lying between the Haemus and the Apennine Mountains. The patch is abnormal in that it is an unbordered plateau with the surface appearing to lie several hundred meters above adjacent mare patches. Significant characteristics of the feature are discussed and two panoramic camera photographs are illustrated.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 2 p
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  • 185
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    Apollo window meteoroid experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Apollo window meteoroid experiment for obtaining data from crater counts and analysis of meteoroid residue combined with fused glass in described. A preliminary estimate of the flux resulting from seven Apollo spacecraft is found to be in agreement with the Surveyor 3 data, but is lower than the model environment.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 9 p
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  • 186
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    S-band transponder experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The experiment which derives data from three lunar-orbiting objects, the command-service module (CSM), the lunar module (LM), and the subsatellite in the S-band is described. Each provides detailed information on the near-side lunar gravitational field. The primary emphasis is on the low-altitude (20 km) CSM data. The LM data cover a very short time span and are somewhat redundant with the CSM data. The resolution of the high-altitude (100 km) CSM data is not as great as that of the low altitude data. The low-altitude CSM and LM data coverage and the complementary coverage obtained during the Apollo 14 mission are presented. The experiment uses the same technique of gravity determination employed on the Lunar Orbiter, in the data of which the large anomalies called mascons were first observed. The data consist of variations in the spacecraft speed as measured by the Earth-based radio tracking system.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 6 p
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  • 187
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    Alpha-particle spectrometer experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Mapping the radon emanation of the moon was studied to find potential areas of high activity by detection of radon isotopes and their daughter products. It was felt that based on observation of regions overflown by Apollo spacecraft and within the field of view of the alpha-particle spectrometer, a radon map could be constructed, identifying and locating lunar areas of outgassing. The basic theory of radon migration from natural concentrations of uranium and thorium is discussed in terms of radon decay and the production of alpha particles. The preliminary analysis of the results indicates no significant alpha emission.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 7 p
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  • 188
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    Gamma-ray spectrometer experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The experiments in gamma-ray spectrometry to determine the geochemical composition of the lunar surface are reported. The theory is discussed of discrete energy lines of natural radioactivity, and the lines resulting from the bombardment of the lunar surface by high energy cosmic rays. The gamma-ray spectrometer used in lunar orbit and during transearth coast is described, and a preliminary analysis of the results is presented.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 6 p
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  • 189
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    Soil mechanics experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The Apollo 15 soil-mechanics experiment has offered greater opportunity for study of the mechanical properties of the lunar soil than previous missions, not only because of the extended lunar-surface stay time and enhanced mobility provided by the lunar roving vehicle (rover), but also because four new data sources were available for the first time. These sources were: (1) the self-recording penetrometer (SRP), (2) new, larger diameter, thin-walled core tubes, (3) the rover, and (4) the Apollo lunar-surface drill (ALSD). These data sources have provided the best bases for quantitative analyses thus far available in the Apollo Program.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept. e; 28 p
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  • 190
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    Preliminary geologic investigation of the Apollo 15 landing site (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The Apollo 15 lunar module (LM) landed on the mare surface of Palus Putredinis on the eastern edge of the Imbrium Basin. The site is between the Apennine Mountain front and Hadley Rille. The objectives of the mission, in order of decreasing priority, were description and sampling of three major geologic features-the Apennine Front, Hadley Rille, and the mare. The greater number of periods of extravehicular activity (EVA) and the mobility provided by the lunar roving vehicle (ROVER) allowed much more geologic information to be obtained from a much larger area than those explored by previous Apollo crews. A total of 5 hours was spent at traverse station stops, and the astronauts transmitted excellent descriptions of the lunar surface while in transit between stations.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept. te; 112 p
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  • 191
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    Mission description (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The Apollo 15 manned lunar-landing mission is discussed. As compared with previous Apollo manned lunar-landing missions, the mission 15 is characterized by increased hardware capability, a larger scientific payload, and a battery-powered lunar roving vehicle (Rover). Benefits resulting from these additions to Apollo 15 were a mission duration of 12-1/3 days, a lunar stay time of nearly 67 hr, a lunar-surface traverse distance of 27.9 km traveled at an average speed of 9.6 km/hr, and a scientific instrument module (SIM) containing equipment for orbital experiments and photographic tasks not performed on previous missions. The primary scientific objectives of the mission were to perform selenological inspection, survey, and sampling of materials and surface features in a preselected area of the Hadley-Apennine region; to emplace and activate surface experiments; and to conduct inflight experiments and photographic tasks from lunar orbit.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept. te; 11 p
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  • 192
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    A Markov chain technique for determining the acquisition behavior of a digital tracking loop (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: An iterative procedure is presented for determining the acquisition behavior of discrete or digital implementations of a tracking loop. The technique is based on the theory of Markov chains and provides the cumulative probability of acquisition in the loop as a function of time in the presence of noise and a given set of initial condition probabilities. A digital second-order tracking loop to be used in the Viking command receiver for continuous tracking of the command subcarrier phase was analyzed using this technique, and the results agree closely with experimental data.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: JPL Quart. Tech. Rev., Vol. 1, No. 4; p 49-57
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  • 193
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    Summation and critique (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A brief history of gravitational theory studies is presented. A discussion of the papers given at the conference follows. Possibilities for further study are noted.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 252-256
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  • 194
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    Experiment D003: Mass determination (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The accuracy of a direct contact method with a spacecraft to determine the mass of an orbiting object was studied. The precedure involved acceleration of the Gemini Agena target vehicle by the use of the Gemini 9 spacecraft propulsion system. The target vehicle mass was calculated from the resultant acceleration, updated Gemini spacecraft mass, and calibrated thrust levels of the air-firing thrusters of the orbital attitude and maneuver system of the Gemini spacecraft.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 555-559
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  • 195
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    Experiment S012: Micrometeorite collection (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The micrometeorite activity in a near-earth environment and the effect of the environment on microorganisms were studied by exposure of polished metal and plastic surfaces to the environment outside the Gemini spacecraft. Preliminary results are summarized as follows: (1) The cumulative influx rate in the size ranges from 10 to the minus 15th power to 10 to the minus 14th power gram was approximately 2 particles/ sq m/sec, as determined on the Gemini 12 mission; (2) The cumulative influx rate in the same mass range, as determined by the data from the Gemini 9 mission was almost 200 particles/ sq m/sec; and (3) The large particle cumulative influx rate was about 3 x 0.00001 particle/ sq m/sec, with a mass of the order of 10 to the minus 7th power gram. No living organisms could be found on the sterile collecting surfaces after recovery and handling.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 313-336
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  • 196
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    Electromagnetic detection of lunar subsurface water (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Radar detection of lunar subsurface water from lunar orbiting satellite
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: PROC. OF THE 7TH ANN. WORKING GROUP ON EXTRATERREST. RESOURCES 1970; P 61-73
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  • 197
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    Colorimetric measurements of the solar eclipse and earth from Surveyor 3 (1969)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Colorimetric measurements of solar eclipse and earth from Surveyor 3
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: JPL ANALYSIS OF SURVEYOR DATA 30 JUN. 1969; P 165-175
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  • 198
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    Breakdown studies for possible atmospheres on Mars and Venus (1970)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Gaseous breakdown potential for possible atmospheres on Mars and Venus
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: C. OF THE 2D WORKSHOP ON VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN IN ELECTRON. EQUIPMENT AT LOW AIR PRESSURE 30 JUN. 1970; P 183-188
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  • 199
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    Physics (1970)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Solar wind observations on Moon, carbon trioxide in Mars and Venus atmospheres, ionic reactions in Jupiter atmosphere, and gage transformation of post-Newtonian hydrodynamic equations
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: SPACE PROGRAMS SUM. NO. 37-61, VOL. 3 28 FEB. 1970; P 8-24
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  • 200
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    Depths of Surveyor footpad penetrations at first impact - Their relation to the bearing strength of the lunar soil (1969)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Lunar surface bearing strength from depth of penetration measurements of first impact by Surveyor spacecraft
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: ANALYSIS OF SURVEYOR DATA 30 JUN. 1969; P 101-124
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